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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal serum gastrin concentrations before and after eradication elicobacter pylori infection measured by sequence specific radioimmunoassays (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Helicobacter pylori infection of the antral mucosa is responsible for an increase in basal and stimulated serum gastrin. In the present study we have investigated whether gastritis induced by H. pylori is responsible for abnormalities in the processing of gastrin in dyspeptic patients.Methods: Basal serum gastrin was measured by radioimmunoassay before, 5 weeks, and 1 year after anti-H. pylori therapy in 73 H. pylori positive functional dyspeptic patients. Three region-specific antisera were used, specific for the biologically active carboxy-terminal part, the biologically inactive aminoterminal part of gastrin 1–17, and for the nonsulphated tyrosyl residue in gastrin 1–17.Results: Basal serum gastrin levels were markedly (P 〈 0.01) decreased 5 weeks and 1 year after successful eradication of H. pylori (n= 39) but not in the patients in whom treatment failed (n= 34). A decline of gastrin was observed for each of the three radioimmunoassays. Conclusion: The decrease of serum gastrin levels in all three radioimmunoassays after a successful eradication of H. pylori does not point to major changes in the processing of gastrin. These results suggest that G-cells in the antral mucosa are not functionally affected by the inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00324.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Cholecystokinin in the Regulation of Satiation and Satiety in Humans (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 713 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44074.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio structure determination from powder data using direct methods (1994)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 578-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010876819400306X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the 13-K superconductor La 3 Ni 2 B 2 N 3 and the related phase LaNiBN (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 372 (1994), S. 759-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The specimens were prepared by mixing elemental lanthanum (99.99%), nickel (99.99%) and boron (99.6%) in the appropriate proportions and arc-melting under a nitrogen atmosphere on a water-cooled copper hearth, as described in more detail in ref. 7. Electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372759a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gallbladder emptying ; hyperglycaemia ; cholecystokinin ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; autonomic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p〈0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p〈0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 of cholecystokinin (19±6% vs 33±6%). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p〈0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 of cholecystokinin (14±4% vs 31±3%; 42±6% vs 65±5%; 74±4% vs 90±3%, respectively). It is concluded that during euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin in Type 1 diabetic patients is not significantly different from control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 cholecystokinin, leading to cholecystokinin levels as observed after ingestion of a light meal, is significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428781
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Gallbladder emptying, hyperglycaemia, cholecystokinin, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, autonomic neuropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p 〈0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p 〈0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 of cholecystokinin (19±6 % vs 33±6 %). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p 〈0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 of cholecystokinin (14±4 % vs 31±3 %; 42±6 % vs 65±5 %; 74±4 % vs 90±3 %, respectively). It is concluded that during euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin in Type 1 diabetic patients is not significantly different from control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 cholecystokinin, leading to cholecystokinin levels as observed after ingestion of a light meal, is significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 75–81]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050075
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractures of the odontoid process: Analysis of the functional results after surgery (1994)
    Springer
    European spine journal 3 (1994), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Cervical spine ; Odontoid fracture ; Anterior screw fixation ; Functional roentgenograms ; Restriction of mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighteen patients who sustained type II/III fractures of the odontoid process, as classified by Anderson and D'Alonzo [2], underwent anterior screw fixation, as described in detail by Bbhler [4] as well as Grob and Magerl [16]. Follow-up investigations 3, 12 and in some cases up to 60 months later confirmed sufficient functional results regarding the mobility of the upper cervical spine. The passive mobility of the cervical spine was analyzed by the radiographic evaluation technique of Dvorak and co-workers [12] and Penning [26], which revealed a hypomobility of the C2-3 segment 1 year after surgery in 11 patients and a fusion of the C2-3 vertebral bodies in 2 cases. The postoperative results including the rate of complications were compared with other authors's findings and different therapy concepts (e.g., posterior C1-2 arthrodesis, halo-vest treatment).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190576
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mechanism for preferential H2O leakage from fluid inclusions in quartz, based on TEM observations (1994)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 116 (1994), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Preferential leakage of H2O from fluid inclusions containing multiple gas components has been suspected in natural metamorphic rocks and has been demonstrated experimentally for synthetic H2O-CO2-rich inclusions in natural quartz. Knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of the leakage mechanism, which may be very complex, increases the value of natural fluid inclusions to metamorphic geology. It is proposed that crystal defects play a major role in nondecrepitative preferential H2O leakage through quartz, and remain effective during metamorphism. Inclusions with either an internal overpressure or underpressure produce strain in the adjacent quartz crystal via the nucleation of many dislocations and planar defects (like Dauphiné twin boundaries). These defects allow preferential loss of H2O from H2O-CO2-rich inclusions at supercritical conditions. The transport capacity of this leakage mechanism is enhanced by nucleation of small bubbles on defect structures. The nucleation of these bubbles seems to be a recovery process in strained crystals. Solubility gradients of quartz in water in a crystal with internally underpressurized inclusions may result in optical visible implosion halos in a three dimensional spatial arrangement, caused by the growth of small bubbles at the expense of the larger original fluid inclusion. Natural fluid inclusions from Naxos (Greece) are always associated with numerous interlinked dislocations. These dislocations may have been produced by plastic derormation or by crystal growth related processes (e.g. crack healing). The presence of small bubbles on these dislocations indicates that a similar leakage mechanism for H2O must have occurred in these rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310686
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of disrupting the cholinergic system on short-term spatial memory in rats (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 115 (1994), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Delayed matching to position ; Muscarinic ; Nicotinic ; Cholinergic antagonists ; Scopolamine ; Pirenzepine ; Hemicholinium-3 ; Mecamylamine ; Hexamethonium ; Memory ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of disrupting the muscarinic or nicotinic systems on short-term spatial memory were investigated using a delayed matching to position (DMTP) procedure. Rats were trained on the DMTP until stability and then divided into two groups: one group was implanted with an indwelling cannula aimed at the lateral ventricle. The cannulated group received injections of selective muscarinic antagonists (pirenzepine, M1; AFDX 116, M2; UH-AH 37, M1/M3) or hemicholinium-3 (a choline uptake inhibitor). The remaining animals were treated with conventional muscarinic antagonists (scopolamine, methyl scopolamine) or nicotinic channel blockers (mecamylamine, hexamethonium). Scopolamine, methyl scopolamine and UH-AH 37 disrupted all performance parameters in a non-specific but dose related manner. Pirenzepine disrupted accuracy in a delay, but not dose dependent manner, and exerted no other negative effects on performance. Hemicholinium-3-induced performance deficits showed some elements of effects seen following pirenzepine and scopolamine (delay dependent effects on accuracy, some negative effects on other motoric aspects of performance). AFDX 116 and hexamethonium had no significant effects on performance with respect to control. Mecamylamine reduced accuracy and increased response latencies at the highest dose tested. These data indicate that muscarinic antagonists are more effective at disrupting mnemonic performance than nicotinic blockers, and moreover, that distinct muscarinic receptors may have differential effects on cognitive performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245572
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of substrate-free anoxia and veratridine on intracellular calcium concentration in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (1994)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 428 (1994), S. 142-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Ischaemia ; Ca2+ overload ; Cell injury ; Cell volume ; R 56865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in freshly isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes during substrate-free anoxia. Cardiomyocytes were loaded with fura-2 and incubated in an anoxic chamber in which a pO2 equal to 0 mmHg was realized by inclusion of Oxyrase. [Ca2+]i was measured in individual cells using digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. During anoxia, the shape of cardiomyocytes changed from a relaxed-elongated form into a rigor configuration within 15 min after the onset of anoxia. After the cells had developed the rigor state, a delayed rise in [Ca2+]i reached a stable maximal level within 45 min. The mean values for the pre-anoxic and maximal anoxic [Ca2+ i were 52±3 nM (N=42) and 2115±59 nM (N=45), respectively. The purported Na+ overload blocker R 56865, significantly reduced maximal anoxic [Ca2+]i to 553±56 nM (P〈0.05), implicating a role of elevated intracellular Na+ in the anoxia-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Veratridine (30 μM), which induces Na+ overload, increased [Ca2+]i to 787±39 nM. The compound R 56865 reduced veratridine-induced increases in [Ca2+]i to 152±38 nM. Upon reperfusion, after 45 min of anoxia, two distinct responses were observed. Most often, [Ca2+]i decreased upon reperfusion without a change in morphology or viability, while in the minority of cases, [Ca2+]i increased further followed by hypercontraction and loss of cell viability. The mean value for [Ca2+]i 10 min after reperfusion of the former group, was 752±46 nM (N=38). The cardiomyocyte cell shape could be followed by monitoring changes in the total fura-2 fluorescence (340+380 nm signal). Within 15 min after the onset of anoxia, the total fluorescence signal increased suddenly, before [Ca2+]i started to rise, coinciding with the onset of rigor contraction induced by ATP depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374851
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