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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and performance of the high-flux/high-brightness x-ray wiggler beamline BW2 at HASYLAB : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1668-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The wiggler beamline BW2 at HASYLAB provides an intense monochromatic photon beam in the x-ray range from 2.02 to 33.5 keV for a diversity of experimental x-ray techniques such as surface diffraction, photoemission, absorption, microtomography, standing waves, etc. The beamline layout and its overall performance are described. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145877
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diagnostics of plasma focus DPF-78 discharge with heavy-gas admixtures (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4973-4978 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The x-ray structure (λ〈10 A(ring)) of the DPF-78 discharge was investigated with different heavy-gas admixtures to a basic D2 filling. A possible classification of plasma features is proposed. Micropinches with an unusual high aspect ratio of about 10:1 were found. Soft x-ray spectra of single micropinches were registered on film. The use of x-ray spectroscopic methods by means of spectra simulation codes allowed us to estimate the parameters of particular types of pinches with axial size of 0.5 mm and full radial size of 0.05 mm. In the He-like ionization state we obtained ne≈3×1021 cm−3 and Te≈0.8 keV. The electron temperature determined in the H-like ionization stage was considerably higher, Te≈2 keV, indicating a strong ionizing plasma. Possible deviations from the Bennett condition are discussed in connection with the spectroscopic results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunneling induced transparency: Fano interference in intersubband transitions (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 3455-3457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of tunneling induced transparency in asymmetric double quantum well structures. Resonant tunneling through a thin barrier is used to coherently couple the two upper states in a three level system of electronic subbands in a GaAs/AlGaAs structure. This creates Fano-type interferences for the collective intersubband excitations in the absorption from the ground state, analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems. We observe a 50% reduction in absorption between the subband resonances which can be explained by taking into account the coherent coupling of the upper states. We analyze the bias dependent absorption spectra and determine the relevant lifetime broadening and dephasing rates for the transitions. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond laser dynamics of gain-coupled and index-coupled InGaAs/InGaAlAs quantum well distributed feedback lasers (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 816-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High frequency modulation of gain-coupled (GC) and index-coupled (IC) InGaAs/InGaAlAs distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is investigated. Laser dynamics of conventionally fabricated IC DFB lasers are compared with GC DFB lasers realized by the new technology of masked implantation enhanced intermixing. Band structure dependence of the modulation response at low temperature (T=2K) is analyzed by detuning the emission energy of the DFB lasers with respect to the gain maximum using different grating periods. Pulse widths decreasing from 53 ps down to 4.5 ps with increasing emission energy demonstrate the capability of both coupling types. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with a theory without any fit parameter based on laser rate equations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115453
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large interband second-order susceptibilities in InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum wells (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3611-3613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements of second-harmonic generation in interband transitions of InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum well samples. The second-order susceptibility χ(2) is studied as a function of pump wavelength and quantum well width. For the narrowest wells, we obtain χ(2)=1.3±0.4×10−10 m/V, which is an order of magnitude larger than the intrinsic value for bulk GaN. The corresponding power conversion efficiency was 6.3×10−7. An enhancement of the nonlinearity due to strong internal piezoelectric fields could not be observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The availability of molecular markers linked to mildew resistance genes would enhance the efficiency of apple-breeding programmes. This investigation focuses on the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pl1 gene for mildew resistance, which has introgressed from Malus robusta into cultivated apples. The RAPD marker technique was combined with a modified ‘bulked seg-regant analysis’ mapping strategy. About 850 random decamer primers used as single primers or in combinations were tested by PCR analysis on the basis of resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Selected primers producing RAPD fragments were applied in an additional selection step to M. robusta and genotypes representing intermediate breeding stages of the breeding population 93/9, for which a 1:1 segregation could be observed for the resistance trait. Seven RAPD markers, all representing introgressed DNA sequences from M. robusta, were identified and arranged with the Pl1 locus in a common linkage group. The two most tightly-linked RAPD markers, OPAT20450 and OPD21000 were mapped with a genetic distance of 4.5 and 5 cM, respectively, from the Pl1 gene. Both markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection in apple breeding. The polymorphic DNA fragment OPAT20450 was cloned and sequenced, and longer primers for the generation of a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker have been constructed; this marker was easier to score than the original RAPD marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00850.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lignocaine metabolite formation: an indicator for liver dysfunction and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Formation of the lignocaine metabolite monoethyl-glycine-xylidide (MEGX) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare MEGX formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit patients. The study included 29 critically ill patients who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality 〉 30%. On day 4, lignocaine was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and MEGX formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the patients had MEGX values below 90μg.l-1 indicating impaired liver function. Eleven patients died, 18 patients survived. The group of patients with fatal outcome had significantly lower MEGX values (median: 23μg.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53μg.l-1, p 〈 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9mg.dl-1, p 〈 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the MEGX test can be considered an indicator for hepatic dysfunction and predictor of survival in critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb05849.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active biomonitoring with brown trout and rainbow trout in diluted sewage plant effluents (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout Salmo trutta populations of numerous Swiss rivers are declining. Sewage plant effluents are discussed as a possible cause. To investigate the influence of sewage plant effluents, brown trout as well as rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to 10% diluted waste water over a period of 12 months. The effects were compared to those on trout kept in commercial tap water. The mortality rate was low and no pathogenic bacteria or viruses were recorded in exposed and tap-water animals. Parasitological examination revealed a mild infestation with Gryodactylus sp. in all groups. Macroscopically and histologically, only minor changes in gills, skin, and kidney of exposed animals were found when compared to fish kept in tap water. Degenerative and inflammatory reactions in the liver of exposed animals were the most prominent findings. Several brown trout caught in the River Langete showed marked proliferative, degenerative and inflammatory lesions of gills, liver, and kidney. The results do not suggest that waste-water effects would explain the decrease of fish populations. However, it is conceivable that the effluents in combination with other factors in the river enhance the development of changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00637.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Water pollution induces pathological changes in fish. As an indicator of exposure to contaminants, histology represents a useful tool to assess the degree of pollution, particularly for sub-lethal and chronic effects. However, a standardized method for the description and assessment of histological changes, mainly for use in freshwater fish, is still lacking. In this paper, the present authors propose a standardized tool for the assessment of histological findings which can be applied to different organs. The methodology is based on two factors: (1) the extension of a pathological change is rated with a ‘score value’; and (2) the pathological importance of this alteration is defined as an ‘importance factor’. The sum of the multiplied score values and importance factors of all diagnosed changes results in different indices. With these indices, statistical analysis can be carried out. Assessment methods for the gills, liver, kidney and skin are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Experiments in Grazing Incidence on Sol–Gel Coatings Containing Nano-Scaled Gold Colloids: a New Technique for Investigating Thin Coatings and Films (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 30 (1997), S. 948-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is generally not applicable to thin ( ̃1 μm) films and coatings because of their weak scattering signal in conventional transmission experiments. This restriction can be overcome by working in grazing incidence, with an angle of incidence α slightly above the critical angle of total reflection φc, in order to augment the effective X-ray path in the sample. The possibilities of this technique are demonstrated by preliminary results obtained on glass-like sol-gel coatings containing nano-scaled gold colloids. The scattering of the gold colloids was identified by variations of the X-ray energy near the absorption edge of gold (anomalous SAXS). It showed the theoretically predicted variation of intensity with energy. The recorded scattering spectra were corrected for absorption and refraction effects, whose influences on the spectra are discussed. Calculated size distributions of the colloids from SAXS in grazing incidence were compared with results from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM) investigations and optical UV-visible spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889897003555
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