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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The availability of molecular markers linked to mildew resistance genes would enhance the efficiency of apple-breeding programmes. This investigation focuses on the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pl1 gene for mildew resistance, which has introgressed from Malus robusta into cultivated apples. The RAPD marker technique was combined with a modified ‘bulked seg-regant analysis’ mapping strategy. About 850 random decamer primers used as single primers or in combinations were tested by PCR analysis on the basis of resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Selected primers producing RAPD fragments were applied in an additional selection step to M. robusta and genotypes representing intermediate breeding stages of the breeding population 93/9, for which a 1:1 segregation could be observed for the resistance trait. Seven RAPD markers, all representing introgressed DNA sequences from M. robusta, were identified and arranged with the Pl1 locus in a common linkage group. The two most tightly-linked RAPD markers, OPAT20450 and OPD21000 were mapped with a genetic distance of 4.5 and 5 cM, respectively, from the Pl1 gene. Both markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection in apple breeding. The polymorphic DNA fragment OPAT20450 was cloned and sequenced, and longer primers for the generation of a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker have been constructed; this marker was easier to score than the original RAPD marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00850.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of physiological races of apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The development of apple varieties displaying durable resistance against powdery mildew is one of the major aims in apple breeding programmes worldwide. For a reliable judgment of the resistance of different Malus genotypes, an extended knowledge about the virulence of the pathogen is necessary. To prove the existence of physiological races of Podosphaera leucotricha, 31 monoconidial isolates of the obligate biotrophic fungus representing five locations within Europe have been established and maintained over a period of 3–4 years. The isolates were maintained on in vitro shoots of the highly susceptible apple cv. Gibb's Golden Gage. An AFLP-based DNA fingerprinting protocol was developed and, using 54 stably reproducible AFLP markers, a dendrogram revealed genetic variability among different isolates of P. leucotricha. Although the molecular characterization of the isolates showed an overall low level of genetic variability, the high phenotypic diversity among European isolates suggest that sexual reproduction may also be involved in the disease cycle of the pathogen in Europe. Phytopathological tests using detached leaves of a collection of 36 Malus genotypes allowed the differentiation of five selected isolates by their virulence patterns. A high level of diversity in terms of virulence was obtained in P. leucotricha. From the present study, based on apple breeding germplasm, cultivars and Malus species, it can be concluded that physiological races of P. leucotricha do indeed exist in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01156.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a Monogenic Dominant Male Sterility Mutant in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: After mutagenic treatment with NMU (nitroso-methylurea) flower buds and flower-bud pedicels of broccoli were cultivated in vitro. Among regenerated MJ plants, one male sterile, but female fertile mutant was found, for which a monogenic dominant inheritance of male sterility was demonstrated. A scheme to utilize dominant controlled genie male sterility in Brassica oleracea for hybrid breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00494.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Relationships in Malus Evaluated by RAPD ‘Fingerprinting’ of Cultivars and Wild Species (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 113 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The potential use of RAPD markers for taxonomic studies in Malus was investigated using 18 accessions of wild species and 27 apple cultivars. 29 preselected random decamer primers were applied to three sets of Malus genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ‘fingerprints’ were analysed for polymorphic amplification fragments, and coefficients estimating genetic similarity were calculated on the basis of about 50 polymorphic RAPD loci in each set of genotypes. Cluster analysis by an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed that, in the cultivars, the molecular classification was in good agreement with the known lineage. A dendrogram generated for the wild species gave relationships that were, in principle, in accordance with the known phylogenetic information. Closely related species from section I were clearly distinguishable from those of sections III and IV. On the molecular level, a high degree of genetic diversity was found among both different apple cultivars and wild species of the genus Malus. The results gave additional evidence for the hypothesis that M. pumila and M. sylvestris were involved in the origin of the cultivated apples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00717.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP and RAPD markers linked to the rosy leaf curling aphid resistance gene (Sd1) in apple (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 528-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Apple ; Dysaphis devecta ; Insect resistance ; Marker-assisted selection ; Molecular markers ; Plant breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Sd 1 is a dominant gene for resistance to biotypes 1 and 2 of the rosy leaf curling aphid, Dysaphis devecta Wlk., which can cause economic damage to apple trees. This report describes the identification of three RFLP and four RAPD markers linked to Sd 1 in a cross between the D. devecta susceptible variety ‘Prima’ (sd 1 sd 1) and the resistant variety ‘Fiesta’ (Sd 1 sd 1). Potted trees were artificially infested in the glasshouse, and the ratio of resistant:susceptible plants supported the hypothesis that the resistance was under the control of a single dominant gene. The position of the gene was mapped to a single locus on a ‘Fiesta’ chromosome, within 2 cM of three tightly linked RFLP markers (MC064a, 2B12a and MC029b); the four RAPD markers were located further away (between 13 and 46 cM). This is the first report of molecular markers for an aphid resistance gene in tree fruit crops. The potential application of these markers in a marker-assisted resistance breeding programme is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050447
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligning male and female linkage maps of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) using multi-allelic markers (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 60-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsMalus pumila Mill ; Molecular linkagemap ; Marker-assisted selection ; Fruit tree breeding ; Outbred progeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Linkage maps for the apple cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Fiesta’ were constructed using RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, AFLP, SCAR and microsatellite markers in a ‘Prima’בFiesta’ progeny of 152 individuals. Seventeen linkage groups, putatively corresponding to the seventeen haploid apple chromosomes, were obtained for each parent. These maps were aligned using 67 multi-allelic markers that were heterozygous in both parents. A large number of duplicate RFLP loci was observed and, in several instances, linked RFLP markers in one linkage group showed corresponding linkage in another linkage group. Distorted segregation was observed mainly in two regions of the genome, especially in the male parent alleles. Map positions were provided for resistance genes to scab and rosy leaf curling aphid (Vf and Sd 1, respectively) for the fruit acidity gene Ma and for the self-incompatibility locus S. The high marker density and large number of mapped codominant RFLPs and some microsatellite markers make this map an ideal reference map for use in other progenies also and a valuable tool for the mapping of quantitative trait loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050867
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple field and glasshouse assessments increase the reliability of linkage mapping of the Vf source of scab resistance in apple (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 699-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Malus ; Apple ; Venturia ; Scab resistance ; Linkage mapping ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., is an important disease in commercial apple production. A mapping population of 155 individuals, derived from a cross between the apple varieties ‘Prima’ (resistant)בFiesta’ (susceptible), was scored for response to the disease in replicated field and glasshouse trials throughout Europe. Twenty data sets were selected and cluster analysis was used to form a consensus score for the population fitting a 1 : 1 segregation ratio of resistance:susceptibility. The progeny were scored with molecular markers. A detailed map covering 54 cM of the ‘Prima’ linkage group containing the Vf gene for scab resistance was constructed using 24 molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. One isoenzyme marker (Pgm-1), six RFLP markers and 17 RAPD markers formed a linkage group with the consensus measure of resistance to scab. Four marker bridges were established with the corresponding ‘Fiesta’ linkage group with additional markers (one isozyme, one RFLP, three RAPD and one AFLP). A low chi-square value indicated a good fit of the marker ordering, which was in close agreement with previously reported linkage positions for some of the markers and Vf. Differences were observed in the ability of different scoring methods to resolve susceptible and resistant classes. The results obtained for the consensus classification of resistance to scab for the population may suggest the presence of virulent inocula at some sites, which could overcome the Vf gene for resistance. The consequences of relying on individual scoring occasions for studying Vf scab resistance are discussed in the context of linkage analysis, conventional breeding selection, and marker-assisted selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050791
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of complex leaf and flower characters in Rhododendron using a molecular linkage map (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 1146-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Rhododendron sp. ; Flower colour ; Leaf chlorosis ; Molecular linkage map ; Quantitative trait loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A molecular linkage map of Rhododendron has been constructed by using a segregating population from an interspecific cross. Parent-specific maps based on 239 RAPD, 38 RFLP, and two microsatellite markers were aligned using markers heterozygous in both parents. The map of the male parent ‘Cunningham’s White’ comprised 182 DNA markers in 13 linkage groups corresponding to the basic chromosome number. In the female parent ‘Rh 16’ 168 markers were located on 18 linkage groups. An assignment of putative homologous linkage groups was possible for 11 groups of each parent. QTL analyses based on the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test were performed for the characters “leaf chlorosis” and “flower colour” scored as quantitative traits. For leaf chlorosis, two genomic regions bearing QTLs with significant effects on the trait were identified on two linkage groups of the chlorosis-tolerant parent. RAPD marker analysis of additional lime-stressed genotypes tested under altered environmental conditions verified the relationship between marker allele frequencies and the expression of chlorosis. Highly significant QTL effects for flower colour were found on two chromosomes indicating major genes located in these genome areas. The prospects for utilization of a linkage map in Rhododendron are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051179
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