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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and linkage relationships of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isoenzymes in apple (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 154-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Malus pumila Mill ; Glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase ; Incompatibility ; Genes GOT-1 ; IDH-1 ; S ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four zones of enzymatic activity for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were found in apple tissue. A dimeric gene, GOT-1, determining the fastest migrating zone, was identified. Six alleles were found, including a near null allelle which produced detectable heterodimeric bands but not homodimeric bands. A marked deficit or absence of certain geno-types in all backcrosses and in some crosses between unrelated varieties was attributed to the close linkage (r=0.02±0.005) of GOT-1 with the incompatibility S locus. GOT-1 was also closely linked with the isocitrate dehydrogenase locus IDH-1 (0.03±0.01). Proposed incompatibility genotypes for four cultivars, and the linked GOT-1 alleles are ‘Cox’: S 1 b/S 2 d, ‘Idared’: S 3 a/S 4 c, ‘Fiesta’: S 3 a/S 2 d and ‘Kent’: S 3 a/S 1 b.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290098
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of the isoenzymic marker gene Got-1 in the recognition of incompatibility S alleles in apple (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apple ; Incompatibility alleles ; Molecular markers ; Genes Got-1 ; S ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The S incompatibility system of apple was confirmed through the application of the gene Got-1 for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase as a marker for the S locus. The 11S alleles proposed by Kobel et al. (1939) were confirmed through anomalous segregations for Got-1 observed in 14 semi-compatible crosses and regular segregations observed in 2 fully compatible crosses. The S allele genotypes of ‘Idared’ (S 3 S 7), ‘Cox’ (S 5 S 9) and ‘Fiesta’ (S 3 S 5) were determined and found to fall within the original series. By associating parental incompatibility genotypes with the segregation of Got-1 alleles, we were able to deduce the coupling of S and Got-1 alleles in 9 varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of superoxide dismutase in apple (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 484-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Malus pumila Mill ; Superoxide dismutase ; Genes Sod-1 ; Sod-3 ; Sod-4 ; Linkage ; Cultivar identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Four zones of superoxide dismutase (SOD), activity were detected in apple. Genetic studies confirmed the presence of three genes Sod-1, Sod-3 and Sod-4 with three, two and two alleles respectively, including one null allele. One of these genes, Sod-1, was found to be loosely linked to Prx-2 and Prx-3. The Sod-1a allele predominated in all the three groups studied, cultivars, rootstocks and Malus species. The distinct achromatic bands produced by SOD after electrophoresis facilitate its important role with peroxidase (PRX), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in the discrimination of apple cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050587
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP and RAPD markers linked to the rosy leaf curling aphid resistance gene (Sd1) in apple (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 528-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Apple ; Dysaphis devecta ; Insect resistance ; Marker-assisted selection ; Molecular markers ; Plant breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Sd 1 is a dominant gene for resistance to biotypes 1 and 2 of the rosy leaf curling aphid, Dysaphis devecta Wlk., which can cause economic damage to apple trees. This report describes the identification of three RFLP and four RAPD markers linked to Sd 1 in a cross between the D. devecta susceptible variety ‘Prima’ (sd 1 sd 1) and the resistant variety ‘Fiesta’ (Sd 1 sd 1). Potted trees were artificially infested in the glasshouse, and the ratio of resistant:susceptible plants supported the hypothesis that the resistance was under the control of a single dominant gene. The position of the gene was mapped to a single locus on a ‘Fiesta’ chromosome, within 2 cM of three tightly linked RFLP markers (MC064a, 2B12a and MC029b); the four RAPD markers were located further away (between 13 and 46 cM). This is the first report of molecular markers for an aphid resistance gene in tree fruit crops. The potential application of these markers in a marker-assisted resistance breeding programme is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050447
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligning male and female linkage maps of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) using multi-allelic markers (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 60-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsMalus pumila Mill ; Molecular linkagemap ; Marker-assisted selection ; Fruit tree breeding ; Outbred progeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Linkage maps for the apple cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Fiesta’ were constructed using RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, AFLP, SCAR and microsatellite markers in a ‘Prima’בFiesta’ progeny of 152 individuals. Seventeen linkage groups, putatively corresponding to the seventeen haploid apple chromosomes, were obtained for each parent. These maps were aligned using 67 multi-allelic markers that were heterozygous in both parents. A large number of duplicate RFLP loci was observed and, in several instances, linked RFLP markers in one linkage group showed corresponding linkage in another linkage group. Distorted segregation was observed mainly in two regions of the genome, especially in the male parent alleles. Map positions were provided for resistance genes to scab and rosy leaf curling aphid (Vf and Sd 1, respectively) for the fruit acidity gene Ma and for the self-incompatibility locus S. The high marker density and large number of mapped codominant RFLPs and some microsatellite markers make this map an ideal reference map for use in other progenies also and a valuable tool for the mapping of quantitative trait loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050867
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and linkage relationships of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isoenzymes in apple (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Malus pumila Mill ; Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ; Genes GOT-2, GOT-4, LAP-1, LAP-2 ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Independent dimeric genes GOT-2 and GOT-4 determining activity for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.1; GOT) in zones GOT-II and GOT-IV respectively were identified. Three alleles were found for GOT-2 and two for GOT-4, including a null allele for GOT-2 which produced detectable heterodimeric bands but not homodimeric bands. Linkage studies with leucine aminopeptidase (E.C.3.4.11.1; LAP) genes suggested linkage of GOT-2 with LAP-2 (r=0.13±0.23) and GOT-4 with LAP-1 (r=0.10±0.40).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265348
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes determining leucine aminopeptidase and mildew resistance from the ornamental apple, ‘White Angel’ (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apple ; Mildew resistance ; Isoenzymes ; Genes Lap-2, P1 w , R w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mildew resistance in the ornamental apple ‘White Angel’ was found to be determined by complementary genes. The gene R w was found to be necessary for the expression of resistance controlled by the resistance gene Pl w . The close linkage between the isoenzyme gene, Lap-2, for leucine aminopeptidase and P1 w was confirmed. The efficiency of Lap-2 as a marker in screening for mildew resistance is limited, as it cannot account for susceptible plants with the r w r w P1 w p1 w genotype. It has, however, an important role to play in combining resistance genes from different sources. The genotypes of ‘White Angel’ (R w r w , Pl w pl w , Lap-2an), ‘Jester’ (R w r w , p1 w p w , Lap-2an) ‘Katja’ (R w r w ,p1 w p1 w , Lap-2an) and ‘Gloster 69’ (r w r w , p1 w p1 w , Lap-2an) were determined. It also appeared that R w might influence Lap-2 activity in young seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225743
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple field and glasshouse assessments increase the reliability of linkage mapping of the Vf source of scab resistance in apple (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 699-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Malus ; Apple ; Venturia ; Scab resistance ; Linkage mapping ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., is an important disease in commercial apple production. A mapping population of 155 individuals, derived from a cross between the apple varieties ‘Prima’ (resistant)בFiesta’ (susceptible), was scored for response to the disease in replicated field and glasshouse trials throughout Europe. Twenty data sets were selected and cluster analysis was used to form a consensus score for the population fitting a 1 : 1 segregation ratio of resistance:susceptibility. The progeny were scored with molecular markers. A detailed map covering 54 cM of the ‘Prima’ linkage group containing the Vf gene for scab resistance was constructed using 24 molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. One isoenzyme marker (Pgm-1), six RFLP markers and 17 RAPD markers formed a linkage group with the consensus measure of resistance to scab. Four marker bridges were established with the corresponding ‘Fiesta’ linkage group with additional markers (one isozyme, one RFLP, three RAPD and one AFLP). A low chi-square value indicated a good fit of the marker ordering, which was in close agreement with previously reported linkage positions for some of the markers and Vf. Differences were observed in the ability of different scoring methods to resolve susceptible and resistant classes. The results obtained for the consensus classification of resistance to scab for the population may suggest the presence of virulent inocula at some sites, which could overcome the Vf gene for resistance. The consequences of relying on individual scoring occasions for studying Vf scab resistance are discussed in the context of linkage analysis, conventional breeding selection, and marker-assisted selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050791
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of leucine aminopeptidase in apple (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Malus pumila Mill ; Leucine aminopeptidase ; Genes LAP-1, LAP-2, LAP-3, LAP-4 ; Mildew resistance ; Linkage ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Six zones of LAP activity were detected in apples, some of them tissue specific. Genetic studies in four of them revealed the presence of four genes LAP-1, LAP-2, LAP-3 and LAP-4 with 4, 5, 4 and 4 alleles respectively including two null alleles. There were no big differences in allelic frequency within cultivars, selections, rootstocks and Malus species. Close linkage was found between LAP-2 and resistance to mildew derived from ‘White Angel’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224281
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and linkage relationships of peroxidase isoenzymes in apple (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 392-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Malus pumila Mill ; Peroxidase ; Genes PRX-1, PRX-2, PRX-3, PRX-4, PRX-5, PRX-6, PRX-7, PRX-8 ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Six anodal and two cathodal zones of peroxidase activity were observed in apple and designated PRX-I to PRX-VIII from the most anodal to the most cathodal on the basis of migrational distance. PRX phenotypes were found to be coded by at least eight genes (PRX-1-8); analyses of four (PRX-2, PRX-3, PRX-4 and PRX-7) revealed 15 alleles including three null alleles. PRX-2 and PRX-3 were closely linked, and PRX-1 appeared to be in the same linkage group. In addition, PRX-4 and PRX-5 were linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224288
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