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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryopreservation of cold-acclimated shoot tips of pear in vitro cultures after encapsulation-dehydration
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cryobiology 29 (1992), S. 691-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(92)90073-B
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of pollen enzymes and polyploid origin of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 268-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Isozymes ; Genetic analysis ; Polyploidy ; Malus ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electrophoresis of 7 pollen enzymes was applied to 5 progenies from controlled crosses and one self-progeny of apple. Segregation data were examined according to three kinds of hypotheses: monogenic disomic, bigenic disomic and tetrasomic inheritance Twenty codominant alleles and a recessive null were identified. Results provided evidence of bigenic disomic inheritance in most cases: 6 pairs of homoeologous loci carrying identical homoeoalleles were revealed; only 2 enzymes exhibited a simple monogenic control. Preferential pairing between pairs of homologous chromosomes in meiosis can be postulated. These results indicated an allopolyploid origin of apple genome. Fixed heterozygosity occurred for several enzymes, which is a typical feature of allopolyploidy. Loss of duplicate gene expression can account for the monogenic control of 2 of the enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252066
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf tissue of three pear (Pyrus sp.) cultivars in vitro (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1989), S. 688-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To develop an adventitious regeneration system for pear cultivars, several experiments were conducted with 2 cultivars of Pyrus communis L. (‘Seckel’ and ‘Louise Bonne’) and one cultivar of P. bretschneideri Rehd. (‘Crystal Pear’). Half-leaves, taken from shoots proliferating on Lepoivre medium, were plated in petri-dishes on medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins. Cultures of the above cultivars had been established from mature trees. Among the growth regulators tested, thidiazuron (TDZ), combined with naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), was the most efficient for stimulation of adventitious shoots. The optimum level of TDZ was about 3 uM; shoot regeneration was observed over a wide range of TDZ and NAA concentrations (0.5 to 5 uM and 2.5 to 13 um, respectively). Among different macronutrient compositions, 1/2 and 1/4 Murashige and Skoog were the most effective. Sucrose concentrations (10 to 50 g L-1) had a linear significant effect on shoot regeneration of ‘Crystal Pear’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272062
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pattern of inheritance in apple (Malus X domestica Borkh.): further results from leaf isozyme analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1987), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Isozymes ; Inheritance ; Polyploidy ; Malus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eight progenies from controlled crosses and one self-progeny of apple were analysed by electrophoresis for six leaf enzymes. Based on a polyploid origin for this species, three hypotheses were tested: monogenie disomic, bigenic disomic and tetrasomic inheritance. Three enzymes exhibited monogenic inheritance; two exhibited bigenic disomic inheritance specified by two homoeologous genes; and one exhibited bigenic disomic inheritance due to two linked genes. In all cases tetrasomic inheritance was disproved. These results agreed with previous data obtained from pollen isozyme analysis. They indicated a probable allopolyploid origin of the apple genome and the loss of duplicated gene expression in some cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249147
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and linkage of isozyme loci in pear (Pyrus communis L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 498-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Isozymes ; Inheritance ; Pyrus ; Pear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The polymorphism of 11 enzymes was analysed in 11 progenies from controlled crosses between pear varieties, using acrylamide and starch electrophoresis gels. Twenty-two loci were identified and segregation was scored for 20 of them. Three pairs of duplicated loci forming intergenic hybrid bands were detected, these correspond to equivalent duplicated genes in apple. A total of 49 active alleles and 1 null allele were identified. Joint segregation analysis revealed three linkage groups, which could all be related to existing groups on the apple map. The conservation of isozyme patterns, duplicated genes and linkage groups indicates a high degree of synteny between apple and pear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050443
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isozyme segregation in five apple progenies and potential use for map construction (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Apple ; Isozymes ; Compact habit ; Linkage ; Genome mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In the framework of the European Apple Genome Mapping Project, five apple progenies were scored for 53 isozyme markers and two phenotypic monogenic characters, R t (anthocyanin production in all tissues) and C o (columnar habit). The collaboration between two teams (in France and Greece) enabled a clarification of the synonymy between existing isozyme loci designations and the description of 12 new loci. The two phenotypic loci and the majority of the isozyme loci segregated in accordance with the expected monogenic ratios. Twenty percent of the scored segregations involved markers segregating for both parents, but only 9% involved more than two alleles. Thus, only a few isozyme markers (Aat-1, Fdh-1, Pgd-1, Pgm-1, Prx-3, Prx-C1 and Sod-4) were particularly informative for mapping purposes. Joint segregation analysis located 36 isozyme markers together with the two phenotypic loci, R t and C o , in 11 linkage groups, most of which could be related to already published maps. Thus, despite their limited number, polymorphic apple isozyme markers are valuable as anchor points to establish a reliable correspondence between genetic maps built from separate progenies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051077
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligning male and female linkage maps of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) using multi-allelic markers (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 60-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsMalus pumila Mill ; Molecular linkagemap ; Marker-assisted selection ; Fruit tree breeding ; Outbred progeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Linkage maps for the apple cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Fiesta’ were constructed using RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, AFLP, SCAR and microsatellite markers in a ‘Prima’בFiesta’ progeny of 152 individuals. Seventeen linkage groups, putatively corresponding to the seventeen haploid apple chromosomes, were obtained for each parent. These maps were aligned using 67 multi-allelic markers that were heterozygous in both parents. A large number of duplicate RFLP loci was observed and, in several instances, linked RFLP markers in one linkage group showed corresponding linkage in another linkage group. Distorted segregation was observed mainly in two regions of the genome, especially in the male parent alleles. Map positions were provided for resistance genes to scab and rosy leaf curling aphid (Vf and Sd 1, respectively) for the fruit acidity gene Ma and for the self-incompatibility locus S. The high marker density and large number of mapped codominant RFLPs and some microsatellite markers make this map an ideal reference map for use in other progenies also and a valuable tool for the mapping of quantitative trait loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050867
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple field and glasshouse assessments increase the reliability of linkage mapping of the Vf source of scab resistance in apple (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 699-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Malus ; Apple ; Venturia ; Scab resistance ; Linkage mapping ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., is an important disease in commercial apple production. A mapping population of 155 individuals, derived from a cross between the apple varieties ‘Prima’ (resistant)בFiesta’ (susceptible), was scored for response to the disease in replicated field and glasshouse trials throughout Europe. Twenty data sets were selected and cluster analysis was used to form a consensus score for the population fitting a 1 : 1 segregation ratio of resistance:susceptibility. The progeny were scored with molecular markers. A detailed map covering 54 cM of the ‘Prima’ linkage group containing the Vf gene for scab resistance was constructed using 24 molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. One isoenzyme marker (Pgm-1), six RFLP markers and 17 RAPD markers formed a linkage group with the consensus measure of resistance to scab. Four marker bridges were established with the corresponding ‘Fiesta’ linkage group with additional markers (one isozyme, one RFLP, three RAPD and one AFLP). A low chi-square value indicated a good fit of the marker ordering, which was in close agreement with previously reported linkage positions for some of the markers and Vf. Differences were observed in the ability of different scoring methods to resolve susceptible and resistant classes. The results obtained for the consensus classification of resistance to scab for the population may suggest the presence of virulent inocula at some sites, which could overcome the Vf gene for resistance. The consequences of relying on individual scoring occasions for studying Vf scab resistance are discussed in the context of linkage analysis, conventional breeding selection, and marker-assisted selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050791
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaves of several pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 25 (1991), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: adventitious bud regeneration ; in vitro culture ; Pyrus communis L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An efficient adventitious shoot regeneration system was developed for pear (Pyrus communis L.), using leaves from in vitro proliferating shoots. Under optimal conditions, bud regeneration frequencies of ‘Comice’, ‘Passe-Crassane’, ‘Williams’ and ‘Conference’ ranged from 60% to 97%, with the mean number of shoots per regenerating leaf ranging from 3.2 to 6.6. Despite the great variability in responses of the different cultivars, in general an initial dark exposure of at least 20 days was required. Ammonium and total nitrogen proved to play an essential role: intermediate NH4 + concentrations were suitable for regeneration. The balance between NH4 + and NO3 - also influenced regeneration; optimal regeneration occured on media with a 1:3 NH4 +/NO3 - ratio. TDZ at 1 μM was less efficient than higher concentrations, whatever the NAA level. Finally, length and growth regulator composition of the two phases (induction and expression) influenced the regeneration rate of ‘Conference’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042180
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of gamma and ultraviolet irradiation on adventitious regeneration from in vitro cultured pear leaves (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 62 (1992), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: adventitious regeneration ; gamma rays ; mutagenesis ; pear ; Pyrus communis ; ultraviolet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Irradiation of in vitro explants and subsequent adventitious regeneration has been tested for 4 commercially important varieties of pear (Pyrus communis) with the aim to create mutants with a reduced susceptibility to fire-blight (Erwinia amylovora). The effect of gamma and ultraviolet irradiation of leaves on adventitious regeneration ability has been studied. The LD50 (50% decrease of regeneration) after gamma irradiation was genotype-dependent and was between 20 and 50 grays. The curves of regeneration showed a threshold dose underneath which none or a very slight decrease was registered. The decrease might result from cumulative events. After an ultraviolet irradiation as low as 62.5 J/m2, the leaves became crumbly and rolled up, and their metabolism seemed to be altered. The LD50 was about 125 J/m2 for all varieties and the decrease of regeneration was linear. Histological investigations showed leaves with flattened epidermal cells after ultraviolet irradiation and slack spongy parenchyma after gamma irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041757
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