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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1201-1204 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 48-channel platinum-foil bolometer system on DIII-D was installed to achieve better spatial and temporal resolution of the radiated power in diverted discharges. Two 24-channel arrays provide complete plasma coverage with optimized views of the divertor. The divertor radiation profile was measured for a series of radiative divertor and power balance experiments. A significant change in the magnitude and distribution of divertor radiation with heavy gas puffing was observed. Unfolding the radiation profile with only two views requires one to treat the core and divertor radiation separately. The core radiation is fitted to a function of magnetic flux and is then subtracted from the divertor viewing chords. The divertor profile is then fit to a 2D spline as a function of magnetic flux and distance from divertor floor. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 664-664 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 48-channel platinum-foil bolometer system on DIII-D was installed to achieve better spatial and temporal resolution of the radiated power in diverted discharges. Two 24-channel arrays provide complete plasma coverage with optimized views of the divertor. The divertor radiation profile was measured for a series of radiative divertor and power balance experiments. A significant change in the magnitude and distribution of divertor radiation with heavy gas puffing was observed. Unfolding the radiation profile with only two views requires one to treat the core and divertor radiation separately. The core radiation is fitted to a function of magnetic flux and is then subtracted from the divertor viewing chords. The divertor profile is then fit to a 2D spline as a function of magnetic flux and distance from divertor floor. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 365-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Restriktive Dermopathie ; Autosomal rezessive Genodermatose ; Fetale Akinesie/Hypokinesie-Deformationssequenz ; Arthrogryposis ; Polyhydramnion ; Key words Restrictive dermopathy ; Autosomal recessive genodermatosis ; Fetal akinesia/hypokinesia deformation sequence ; Arthrogryposis ; Polyhydramnios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Restrictive dermopathy is a rare, fatal, autosomal recessive, congenital skin disease. Rigidity of translucent thin skin, which is thus highly vulnerable and tears, spontaneously causes intra-uterine fetal akinesia or hypokinesia deformation sequence (FADS), characteristic dysmorphic facies with fixed open mouth in O position, and generalized joint contractures (arthrogryposis). Polyhydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia are distinctive manifestations, leading to respiratory insufficiency and premature delivery at about 31 weeks of gestation. We report on a case of a prematurely born infant who presented with the typical morphological features and describe the light- and electronmicroscopical findings as described in the literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die restriktive Dermopathie ist eine seltene autosomal rezessive letal verlaufende Genodermatose. Die Straffheit der dünnen, durchscheinenden, leicht einreißenden Haut bewirkt intrauterin Die „Fetale Akinesie bzw. Hypokinesie Deformation Sequenz” (FADS), eine charakteristische Fazies mit fixierter Gesichtsmorphe und O-förmig offenem Mund sowie Gelenkkontrakturen (Arthrogryposis). Dem Polyhydramnion folgt die stets vorzeitige Geburt etwa in der 31. SSW sowie pulmonale Hypoplasie und respiratorische Insuffizienz. Wir berichten über einen weiteren Fall eines Frühgeborenen mit den typischen klinisch-morphologischen Stigmata, beschreiben die licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde und diskutieren das Leiden vor dem Hintergrund der vorliegenden Literatur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 242-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter APAAP-Methode ; ABC-Methode ; Envision-Methode ; Immuno-Max-Methode ; Kosten ; Key words APAAP-method ; ABC-method ; EnVision-method ; ImmunoMax-method ; Costs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Immunohistochemical staining techniques, such as the APAAP, ABC, EnVision and ImmunoMax methods, play a leading role in the search to solve the questions arising in clinical diagnosis. With the increase in number of techniques for diagnostic examination, the sarch for suitable method is becoming more and more important. The goal of this study was to compare these different treatments with regard to sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, an analysis of time and cost was made. The primary antibodies used were CD20, CD30 and IgM, as well as receptor antibodies estrogen and progesterone. The variable costs of each technique were calculated based on selected examples. The APAAP method required the most time and was, at the same time, by far the most expensive treatment. The EnVision method required the least time and showed very good staining results, which were comparable to those of the ABC and ImmunoMax techniques. The staining costs could be reduced by about 95% and the staining intensity improved substantially by using expensive receptor antibodies in combination with the Immuno-Max method. This study illustrates the importance of knowing different examination techniques, as well as the costs arising by their usage.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Immunhistochemische Färbetechniken, wie die APAAP- und ABC-Methode stellen heute in der pathologischen Routinediagnostik ein weit verbreitetes und akzeptiertes Verfahren zur Darstellung definierter antigener Strukturen dar. Neuere Techniken, wie die EnVision- und ImmunoMax-Methode (Biotinyl-Tyramin-Enhancement), stellen Weiterentwicklungen dar, die eine technische Erleichterung, eine Beschleunigung bzw. eine Steigerung der Sensitivität des immunhistochemischen Verfahrens ermöglichen. Die zunehmende Bedeutung und Erweiterung diagnostischer Untersuchungstechniken führen zu der Frage, welche Methoden stellen für welche Fragestellungen und Anwendungen die geeigneten Verfahren dar? Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, für diese unterschiedlichen Verfahren eine vergleichende Zeit- und Kostenanalyse anzustellen und dabei wichtige Parameter wie Sensitivität und Spezifität zu berücksichtigen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden relevante und häufig verwendete Primärantikörper wie CD20, CD30, IgM sowie die Antikörper gegen Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptor verwendet. Um eine Vergleichbarkeit der Methoden bezüglich Arbeitsaufwand und -kosten zu ermöglichen, wurden die Techniken zunächst in ihrer Empfindlichkeit aufeinander abgestimmt. An ausgewählten Färbebeispielen wurden die sich stark unterscheidenden Kosten für jede Technik errechnet und der technische Zeitaufwand für jedes Verfahren ermittelt. Die weit verbreitete und etablierte APAAP-Methode stellt die zeitaufwendigste Technik und auch gleichzeitig das mit Abstand kostenintensivste Verfahren dar. Den geringsten Zeitaufwand benötigt man für die EnVision-Detektionsmethode. Die ABC-Methode nimmt eine intermediäre Stellung ein; sie stellt die kostengünstigste Methode für die meisten Anwendungen dar und bedarf eines mittelhohen Zeitaufwandes. Die ImmunoMax-Methode stellt eine relativ zeitaufwendige und für viele paraffingängige Standardantikörper nicht notwendige Methode dar; jedoch führt sie zu dramatischen Kostenersparnissen bei der Verwendung teurer Primärantikörper. Darüber hinaus erhält man dabei eine bemerkenswerte Sensitivitässteigerung, was für jene Anwendungen bedeutsam sein kann, die mit Standardtechniken zu keinen oder zu unzureichenden Ergebnissen führen (z.B. viele niedrig exprimierte Antigene). Dieses wurde hier am Beispiel der kostenintensiven und diagnostisch/therapeutisch bedeutsamen Hormon-Rezeptor-Antikörper aufgezeigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht, wie wichtig es ist, neben der Vielzahl verschiedener Untersuchungsverfahren, die entstehenden Kosten einerseits und die potentiellen Möglichkeiten der Techniken andererseits zu kennen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 57-80 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Fog prediction, radiation fog, numerical fog modeling.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A simple one-dimensional numerical-analytical model was developed by Meyer and Rao (1995) to predict the onset of radiation fog. The model computes radiative cooling and turbulent diffusion of heat and vapor through the lower boundary layer and produces heat and vapor fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface. The model is designed for Air Force forecasters who have access to a personal computer, an early evening surface observation of the dry bulb and dewpoint temperature, wind speed, the lapse rate in the upper boundary layer, and the previous 24-h precipitation amount. These initial data are used to predict the diurnal variation of the dry bulb and dewpoint temperatures at 10 m above the surface. In accordance with conventional synoptic observing practices, fog is defined as a restriction of the surface visibility generally to less than 1000 m. Fog is assumed to occur in the model predictions when the dewpoint depression falls to less than 1°C. Observations, from several Air Force bases for selected days when fog was observed to occur, were used to test the model. The present model with default parameters appears to predict the onset of fog slightly ahead of its occurrence. Better verification results are expected when site-relevant parameters are used in model predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Eisenia fetida breeding ; Selection ; Growth rate ; Maturation ; Reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Selective breeding of invertebrates has been suggested by many but studied by few. The possibilities of improving characters like biomass, maturation time, coccoon production rate, and hatching success of cocoons for the earthworm Eisenia fetida were examined in the present study. The results showed that biomass, maturation time, and number of hatchlings could be successfully improved by selective breeding, although a concomitant tendency to a lower reproductive rate, as found in vertebrates, was observed. Other characters like cocoon production rate, hatching success, and number of hatchlings per cocoon also showed promising results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 45 (1999), S. 107-126 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The microscopic anatomy of the integument of the external ear of the Wild boar was studied with the help of histological and histochemical methods. The epidermis showed a clearly delineated relief of ridges for a stable connection with the cutis. The dermis was characterised by a complex and regionally varying architecture of collagen fibre bundles. The internal part of the auricula generally had a thicker integument than the external part, including lower hair density. With regard to this feature, the dermis was the dominating skin layer. The height and form of the typical longitudinal folds (plicae) of the inner ear skin was exclusively based on a massive deposition of hypodermal fat. The external side of the auricula was covered by a dense hair coat, primarily consisting of many wool hairs. The arrangement of hair follicles compared to that found in specific body regions, i.e. the triplett pattern was lost at the internal part of the ear. The primary hair follicles inserted very obliquely in proximal regions of the pinna. The sebaceous glands were especially large at hair follicles of the ear base and the plicae. The apocrine tubular glands of the primary hair follicles revealed normal structure, but were remarkable at the ear margins, where broad glandular accumulations could be found. The integumental structure of the external ear of the wild boar obviously can endure high mechanical stress. A contribution of the plicae of the inner ear skin to sound conduction is postulated. The relatively high amounts of glandular secretions are probably important for the regulation of the milieu on the skin surface.
    Abstract: Résumé En recourant à la méthodologie histologique et histochimique, l'anatomie microscopique du tégument du muscle auriculaire du Sanglier a été analysée et représentée de façon différentielle (Fig. 1). L'épiderme révéla sur les faces interne et externe de l'auricula, pour une constitution histologique normale, un relief aux contours bien marqués au niveau de l'ancrage dans la cutis. Le derme était caractérisé par une architecture, complexe et localement différenciée, du faisceau de fibres du collagène. La face intérieure du muscle auriculaire présentait généralement une peau plus épaisse et à pilosité plus faible que la face extérieure. Le derme constituait ici la couche dominante. La hauteur et la conformation des plissures longitudinales typiques (plicae) de la face intérieure de l'oreille résultaient exclusivement des dépôts massifs et centraux de graisse au niveau de l'hypoderme (Fig. 2 à 6). La face extérieure du muscle auriculaire développait une pilosité dense avec un duvet abondant. Le dispositif des follicules pileux présentait, lors de la perte de la disposition en triplé, des caractéristiques de régions particulières du corps. Les follicules pileux primaires s'inséraient dans les parties auriculaires proximales de façon fort plane (Fig. 7 et 8). Les glandes sébacées révélaient un développement remarquable à hauteur des follicules pileux situés à la base de l'oreille et dans lesplicae. Les glandes apocrines des follicules pileux primaires étaient bien développées et formaient, à proximité des bords plus minces de l'oreille, des champs glandulaires. La structure musculaire de la peau de l'oreille du Sanglier permet de conclure que celle-ci est exposée à une sollicitation mécanique élevée. Une discussion porte sur l'implication desplicae dans la transmission des bruits. La sécrétion glandulaire relativement abondante exerce sans doute une fonction spéciale de régulation vis-à-vis du milieu que constitue la surface de la peau.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit histologischer und histochemischer Methodik wurde die mikroskopische Anatomie des Integuments der Ohrmuschel des Wildschweins untersucht und differenziert dargestellt (Abb. 1). Die Epidermis zeigte auf der Innen- und Außenseite derAuricula bei normalem histologischen Aufbau ein gut konturiertes Relief von Leisten zur Verankerung in der Cutis. Die Dermis war durch eine komplexe und regional unterschiedliche Architektur der Kollagenfaserbündel charakterisiert. Die Innenseite der Ohrmuschel besaß allgemein eine dickere Haut als die Außenseite, bei geringerer Haardichte. Hierbei war die Dermis die dominierende Hautschicht. Die typischen Längsauffaltungen (Plicae) der inneren Ohrhaut erhielten ihre Höhe und Formgestaltung ausschließlich durch massive zentrale Fetteinlagerungen der Hypodermis (Abb. 2–6). Die Außenseite der Ohrmuschel trug ein dichtes Haarkleid, wobei die Wollhaare in großer Zahl vorlagen. Das Anordnungsmuster der Haarfollikel besaß bei Verlust des Triplett-Musters Kennzeichen spezieller Körperregionen. Die Primärhaarfollikel inserierten in den proximalen Auricula-Anteilen sehr flach (Abb. 7–8). Die Talgdrüsen zeigten an Haarfollikeln nahe der Ohrbasis und in den Plicae eine bemerkenswerte Größe. Die Apokrinen Schlauchdrüsen der Primärhaarfollikel waren gut entwickelt und fielen in den dünneren Ohrrandbereichen auf, wo sie Drüsenfelder bildeten (Abb. 9). Die Hautstruktur der Ohrmuschel des Wildschweins läßt auf eine hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit schließen. Es wird die Einbeziehung der Hautfalten (Plicae) der Innenseite der Auricula in die Schallleitung diskutiert. Den relativ hohen Mengen an Drüsensekret kommen wahrscheinlich spezielle Aufgaben bei der Regulation des Millieus der Hautoberfläche zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 384 (1999), S. 44-49 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Cystic pancreatic tumors ; Cystadenoma ; Cystadenocarcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: Among the rare cystic pancreatic tumors, serous and mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma are most often diagnosed. Case: We report on a total of 21 patients with cystic neoplasms who underwent surgery, 11 of whom had mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Of the 10 remaining patients, serous and mucinous cystadenoma were diagnosed in two groups of five. A common feature of all cystic neoplasms is slow growth, leading to clinical symptoms at an advanced stage, with tumors frequently becoming enormous. Results: In approximately half of the cases, diagnosis was possible by means of ultrasound, computed tomography and, in three instances, by preoperative percutaneous aspiration. Differential diagnosis of pseudocysts proved to be most difficult. Conclusion: Given the low operative risk, resection should always be performed in instances where findings cannot be clearly identified. Moreover, compared with ductal pancreatic carcinomas, the prognosis of a cystadenocarcinoma after early resection is extremely favorable, so that postponing resection might reduce the patient's prospects of being cured.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS. 34.80.Ht Dissociation and dissociative attachment by electron impact - 34.80.Qb Laser-modified scattering - 31.25.Nj Electron-correlation calculations for diatomic molecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The process of dissociative attachment (DA) of low-energy electrons ) to vibrationally excited sodium dimer molecules is studied with high electron energy resolution ( ) in a supersonic molecular beam. A novel photoelectron source, based on two-step photoionization of the sodium atoms in the beam, may deliver a current of up to 1 nA and has been used with a current of typically 0.2 nA in this experiment. The energy dependence of the rate of sodium anion formation is determined by ion detection based on a time-of-flight analysis. The molecules are selectively excited to levels using the technique of coherent population transfer by delayed pulses (STIRAP). The comparison of the experimental data with recent resonance model calculations based on improved potential curves reveals generally good agreement for levels v ”〉12. For some distinct differences between theoretical and experimental results persist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 380 (1995), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Repeat hepatic resections ; Colorectal cancer ; Liver metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für Patienten mit rezidivierten, resektablen kolorektalen Lebermetastasen besteht allein in der chirurgischen Entfernung die erneute Möglichkeit, über längere Zeit von ihrem Tumorleiden befreit zu werden. Bei fehlenden therapeutischen Alternativen mehren sich in den letzten Jahren die Berichte über wiederholte Leberresektionen. Wir haben in den Jahren von 1986–1994 bei 8 Patienten insgesamt 12 wiederholte Leberresektionen bei kolorektalen Metastasen jeweils in kurativer Absicht ausgeführt. Die primäre Leberresektion bei 4 synchronen und 4 metachronen Metastasen bestand 5mal in einer anatomischen Hemihepatektomie und 3mal in einer Segment- oder Bisegmentektomie. Das Intervall zwischen 1. und 2. Leberresektion betrug durchschnittlich 14 (4–23) Monate. Bei 2 Patienten wurden jeweils 4 leberresezierende Eingriffe wegen wiederholt aufgetretener Metastasen ausgeführt. Die Zeitintervalle zwischen 2., 3. und 4. Lebereingriff betrugen hierbei durchschnittlich 10 Monate. Wir verloren keinen Patienten während des Klinikaufenthaltes, die postoperative Komplikationsrate betrug 16%. Drei Patienten sind inzwischen nach durchschnittlich 28 (9–54) Monaten seit der letzten Leberresektion verstorben. Fünf Patienten leben durchschnittlich 14 (4–28) Monate, 3 davon tumorfrei und 2 mit Metastasenrezidiv in der Leber. Bei niedrigem Operationsrisiko ist die Mehrfachresektion kolorektaler Lebermetastasen durchaus gerechtfertigt, was sich in deutlich verlängerten Überlebenszeiten dieser Patienten im Vergleich zu denen mit unbehandelten oder lediglich regional therapierten Lebermetastasen ausdrückt.
    Notes: Abstract For patients with recurrent operable liver metastases from colorectal cancer operative resection is the only chance of getting rid of their tumorous disease for a longer time. As there are not therapeutic alternatives more and more authors are reporting on repeated resections of liver metastases. From 1986 to 1994 we performed 12 recurrent liver resections with curative intent in 8 patients suffering from liver metastases of colorectal cancer: 4 synchronous and 4 metachronous metastases were removed, the primary procedure being anatomic hemihepatectomy in 5 cases and segmentectomy or bisegmentectomy in 3 cases. The mean time interval between the first and the second resections was 14 (4–23) months. Two patients underwent 4 consecutive liver resections because of recurrent metastases. In these cases the interval between the second, third and fourth procedures was 10 months. The postoperative complication rate was 16% and not a single patient died in hospital. Three patients died an average of 28 (9–54) months after the last liver resection, and the other 5 patients are still alive after an average of 14 (4–28) months: 3 are free of tumor and 2 have recurrent metastases in the liver. Compared with untreated or only locally treated cases, patients in whom operative risk is low can achieve prolonged survival times after resections of colorectal metastases to the liver.
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