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  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1995  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The estimation of crystal thickness and the restoration of structure-factor modulus from electron diffraction: a kinematical approach (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 188-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A technique of crystal-thickness estimation and structure-factor-modulus restoration (reconstruction) from electron diffraction patterns, for use in crystal-structure determination, is proposed based on the kinematic scattering theory. A criterion for a self-consistent test of the restored structure-factor modulus has also been introduced from the structure-factor statistics developed by direct methods for X-ray diffraction. Theoretical tests on some structures are successful and show that the diffraction intensities are improved to be closer to the moduli of the true structure factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767394010287
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodilution method for the clinical assessment of cardiac output (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 691-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion The thermodilution technique has been shown to measure cardiac output accurately if flow is stationary. During mechanical ventilation the technique can be liable to gross errors. However, if certain precautions are followed mean cardiac output can be accurately estimated, even with a theoretical misuse of the Stewart-Hamilton equation. This can be done best by averaging three or four measurements equally spread over the ventilatory cycle. For this approach manufacturers of cardiac output computers have to be persuaded to include a phase selector and an automatic injector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711553
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating versus synchronous ventilation of left and right lungs in piglets (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 1009-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Alternating ventilation ; Cardiac output ; Central venous pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective We tested whether alternating ventilation (AV) of each lung (i.e. with a phase difference of half a ventilatory cycle) would decrease central venous pressure and so increase cardiac output when compared with simultaneous ventilation (SV) of both lungs. Theory If, during AV, the inflated lung expands partly via compression of the opposite lung, mean lung volume will be smaller during AV than SV. As a consequence, mean intrathoracic pressure (as cited in the literature), and therefore, central venous pressure will be smaller. Design The experiments were performed in seven anaesthetized and paralyzed piglets using a double-piston ventilator. Minute ventilation was the same during AV and SV. Starting at SV, we alternated three times between AV and SV for periods of 10 min. Results During AV, central venous pressure was decreased by 0.7 mmHg and cardiac output was increased by 10±4.4% (mean, ±SD) compared with SV. AV also resulted in increased arterial pressure. During one-sided inflation with closed outlet of the opposite lung, a pressure rise occurred in the opposite lung, indicating compression. Conclusion The higher cardiac output during AV than SV can be explained by the fact that central venous pressure is lower during AV. This lower central venous pressure is very probably due to the lower mean intrathoracic pressure caused by compression of the opposite lung during unilateral inflation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700663
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of somatostatin and loxiglumide on gallbladder motility (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1995), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Gallbladder motility ; Somatostatin ; Loxiglumide ; intraduodenal fat stimulation ; plasma CCK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the major hormonal stimulus of gallbladder contraction. Both somatostatin and CCK-A receptor antagonists inhibit stimulation of the gallbladder by CCK. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of somatostatin and the CCK-A receptor antagonist loxiglumide (CR 1505) on gallbladder volume at baseline and after feeding. In random order nine healthy subjects received somatostatin (IV loading dose 125 μg, followed by IV infusion of 125 μg · h−1), loxiglumide (10 mg · kg−1 · h−1) and control saline. Gallbladder volumes and plasma CCK levels were measured basally and during stimulation by an intraduodenal infusion of fat using, respectively, ultrasound and a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Mean basal gallbladder volume was similar prior to the saline control (28.5 ml), loxiglumide (28.7 ml) and somatostatin (23.4 ml) experiments. In the control experiment, intraduodenal fat led to a significant increase in plasma CCK from 2.6 to 4.8 pmol · l−1, accompanied by contraction of the gallbladder to 2.0 ml. Loxiglumide induced dilatation of the gallbladder to 40 ml and prevented the any contraction in response to intraduodenal fat. During the somatostatin infusion, gallbladder volume remained the same both basally and during fat stimulation. The plasma CCK response to intraduodenal fat was exaggerated by loxiglumide and was abolished by somatostatin. We conclude that there are major differences between the effects of loxiglumide and somatostatin on gallbladder motility. Loxiglumide dilates the gallbladder, while somatostatin prevents its contraction during fat stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193699
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular acidification occurs during anoxia in cultured, but not in freshly isolated, rabbit proximal tubular cells (1995)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 429 (1995), S. 722-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Ischaemia ; Intracellular pH ; Proximal tubule ; Primary culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a variety of cells it has been shown that acidosis is protective against anoxic injury. We have demonstrated previously that proximal tubule (PT) cells in primary culture were more resistant to anoxiainduced cell injury than were freshly isolated cells. Therefore, we asked the question of whether a difference in cellular acidification during anoxia could explain this difference in susceptibility to anoxia. To answer this question, intracellular pH (pHi) was measured during anoxic incubation of PT cells in culture and those that were freshly isolated. PT cells were incubated in an anoxic chamber at 37°C after loading with 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) or fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2-AM). pHi and cytosolic free Ca2+([Ca2+]i) were measured by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. During anoxia, pHi in cultured PT cells decreased from 7.3±0.1 to 6.8±0.1, whereas pHi in freshly isolated cells did not decrease significantly. In addition, the intrinsic buffering capacities (β i) in cultured and freshly isolated PT cells were determined and turned out to be the same at a pHi greater than or equal to 7.3. Below pHi 7.3, β i increased several fold in freshly isolated PT cells, and rose to significantly higher levels than in cultured PT cells. During 1 h of anoxia, cell viability of freshly isolated PT cells decreased significantly to 54%±2% (P〈0.05), while no loss in viability was observed in cultured PT cells. Clamping the pHi during anoxia at 6.7 and 6.1 significantly increased cell viability in freshly isolated PT cells to 76%±5% and 72%±4%, respectively (P〈0.05). In contrast, prevention of acidification in cultured PT cells during anoxia did not lead to increased cell death. Therefore, the differences in susceptibility to anoxic injury between cultured and freshly isolated PT cells cannot be explained by cellular acidification in cultured cells, but must be sought elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373995
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of tricalciumphosphate/ hydroxyapatite cement for tooth replacement: an experimental animal study (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 653-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A calciumphosphate cement, consisting mainly of tricalciumphosphate (85% α-TCP and 15% β-TCP), was inserted in 16 surgical defects created in the tibia of goats. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that after 3 months of implantation the α-TCP was transformed to hydroxyapatite (HA). Histological evaluation revealed that the presence of cement stimulated the ingrowth of bone compared with unfilled cavities. Active resorption and remodelling of cement particles was observed. The cement did not evoke an inflammatory reaction. At 6 months after implantation no further changes in the composition of the cement occurred. All remaining material was surrounded by mature bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123447
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-of-the-art of NORM nuclide determination in samples from oil and gas production: Validation of potential standardization methods through an interlaboratory test programme (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 198 (1995), S. 323-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Gas and oil companies frequently encounter build up of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in their production and processing facilities. In the Netherlands NORM is subject to strict national regulations and, consequently, installations have to be screened on a regular basis. The availability of accurate and reliable NORM sampling and analysis techniques is therefore essential. A number of years ago, the “Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V.” (NAM) actively initiated an investigation on analysis techniques for NORM samples from gas and oil companies. Within this framework, Shell Research Amsterdam organized a four-stage interlaboratory test programme in which representative samples of increasing complexity were analyzed by a number of Dutch institutes. Whereas a large spread in results was observed in the first stage, results in the last stage deviated less than ±10% from the values certified by an independent referee institute, even for comple, sludge samples. It was found that in particular the use of different values for the γ-yields and branching ratios amongst the institutes was responsible for the initial spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036548
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological evaluation of the effect of magnetron sputtered Ca/P coatings on osteoblast-like cells in vitro (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 967-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A rat bone marrow cell culture was used to evaluate the osteogenic potential of amorphous and crystalline thin calcium phosphate (Ca/P) coatings. The coatings were deposited on titanium discs using a radiofrequency magnetron sputter procedure. Amorphous and crystalline plasma spray Ca/P coated and noncoated titanium discs served as reference material. The cellular behavior was analyzed with quantitative (attachment and proliferation rates) and qualitative (scanning electron microscopy) techniques. No significant differences were found in cell attachment and proliferation rates between the various materials. Scanning electron microscopy showed extracellular matrix formation after 18 days of culture on amorphous plasma-sprayed and the two types of magnetron sputtered coatings. Furthermore, no severe degradation of the magnetron sputtered coatings was observed. They even appeared to induce apatite formation. On basis of the results, we conclude that magnetron sputtering appears to be a promising method to manufacture bioactive ceramic coatings. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290808
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parallel surface microgrooves and surface energy on cell growth (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To evaluate the effect of surface treatment and surface microtexture on cellular behavior, smooth and microtextured silicone substrata were produced. The microtextured substrata possessed parallel surface grooves with a width and spacing of 2.0 (SilD02), 5.0 (SilD05), and 10 μm (SilD10). The groove depth was approximately 0.5 μm. Subsequently, these substrata were either left untreated (NT) or treated by ultraviolet irradiation (UV), radiofrequency glow discharge treatment (RFGD), or both (UVRFGD). After characterization of the substrata, rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF) were cultured on the UV, RFGD, and UVRFGD treated surfaces for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Comparison between the NT and UV substrata revealed that UV treatment did not influence the contact angles and surface energies of surfaces with a similar surface topography. However, the contact angles of the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata were significantly smaller than those of the UV and NT substrata. The dimension of the surface microevents did not influence the wettability characteristics. Cell culture experiments revealed that RDF cell growth on UV-treated surfaces was lower than on the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata. SEM examination demonstrated that the parallel surface grooves on the SilD02 and SilD05 substrata were able to induce stronger cell orientation and alignment than the events on SilD10 surfaces. By combining all of our findings, the most important conclusion was that physicochemical parameters such as wettability and surface free energy influence cell growth but play no measurable role in the shape and orientation of cells on microtextured surfaces. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of discharge power level on the properties of hydroxyapatite films deposited on Ti6A14V with RF magnetron sputtering (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effects of discharge radiofrequency (RF) power and film thickness were studied on the characteristics of Ca5(PO4)3OH (hydroxyapatite) thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The structure and chemical composition were investigated with α-step (thickness), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and infrared absorption spectrometry (FTIR). The films were analyzed assputtered and after annealing at 550°C under argon flow. SEM showed that the film surfaces had no cracks or other defects. X-ray diffraction showed that the deposited films were amorphous with low-discharge RF power, and crystalline with high-discharge RF power. After annealing, all the films had the same crystalline structure as apatite. However, the RBS measurements revealed that all films had a higher calcium-phosphate ratio than standard synthetic hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, statistical testing of the RBS data revealed the existence of only a weak correlation between the Ca/P ratio and the discharge power level. Although all sputtered films showed phosphate bonds in the infrared spectrum, only after annealing did the OH bonds of hydroxyapatite become visible. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290218
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