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  • 1995-1999  (90)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1915-1919
  • 1900-1904
  • 1998  (48)
  • 1996  (42)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Neuro-fuzzy Coding for Processing Incomplete Data: Application to the Classification of Seismic Events (1998)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 8 (1998), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: classification of seismic events ; fuzzy logic ; half-distributed coding ; incomplete data ; learning ; multi-layer perceptron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This letter presents a method for modelling and processing incomplete data in connectionist systems. The approach consists in applying a neuro-fuzzy coding to the input data of a neural network. After an introduction to the different kinds of imperfections, we propose a neuro-fuzzy coding in order to take incomplete data into account. We show the efficiency of this coding on the problem of the classification of seismic events. The results show that a neuro-fuzzy coding of the inputs of a neural network increases the performance and classifies incomplete data with little affect on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009621214099
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restoration and Rehabilitation of Species-Rich Grassland Ecosystems in France: a Review (1998)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Restoration ecology 6 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In France the alteration of species-rich grasslands is due mainly to agriculture and civil engineering projects (roadways, dams, ski resorts, etc.). The restoration of such ecosystems has been tested in many regions and after many sorts of degradation. According to the level of initial degradation, different responses can be envisioned. Some variations are presented of a general model of restoration and rehabilitation: (1) rejuvenation of fallow land by grazing with rustic animal breeds in wetlands or chalk grasslands in south and northwestern France, (2) restoration by recovery of extensive agricultural management in intensive agricultural areas such as the Rhône or Meuse Valleys, and (3) rehabilitation by appropriate ecological engineering carried out in grasslands degraded by intensification, ski-track, or civil engineering installations. Despite some positive results, these undertakings have not always had the expected effects and therefore should not provide alibis for the destruction of natural grasslands. In general, the success of such undertakings depends on the maintenance in the surrounding areas of protected seed source reservoirs and on the persistence of a diversified landscape pattern permitting connectivity between these seed sources and the restoration or rehabilitation sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.1998.06112.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin Metabolism and Release in Frontal Cortex of Rats on a Vitamin E-Deficient Diet (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Rats were fed a control or vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate)-deficient diet for 3 or 12 weeks. Serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), tryptophan, and α-tocopherol concentrations were determined in the frontal cortex using HPLC. α-Tocopherol concentrations fell significantly to 27% of control values at 12 weeks. Tissue 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and tryptophan concentrations were not significantly altered by the vitamin E-deficient diet at either time point. In vivo microdialysis revealed normal basal and K+-stimulated concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, but extracellular concentrations of tryptophan were significantly decreased after 3 weeks on the vitamin E-deficient diet, which resulted in an increase in the tissue/extracellular ratio and suggested a change in compartmentation. However, after 12 weeks on the deficient diet these values had returned to normal. Results in general indicate that a prolonged and substantial depletion of brain vitamin E can occur without major disturbance of serotonergic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66020860.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Activation of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptors Elicits Antipodal Effects on Cyclic AMP and Inositol Phospholipid Signaling Pathways in CATH.a Cells: Role of Protein Synthesis and Protein Kinases (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Continuous exposure of cells to agonists develops a process that determines the extent to which the cells eventually respond to further stimuli. Here we used CATH.a cells (a catecholaminergic neuron-like cell line), which express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors linked to both adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C-β pathways, to investigate the influence of prolonged hormonal treatment on dual signaling and gene transcription. Prolonged incubation of cells with PACAP failed to down-regulate the density and affinity of membrane binding sites and caused opposite changes in messenger systems: PACAP-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation was attenuated in a time- and dose-dependent fashion (t1/2 = 6.7 h and IC50 = 0.1 nM), whereas phosphoinositide turnover was overstimulated. Both effects were insensitive to pertussis toxin, whereas the drop in cyclic AMP concentration was also unchanged in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, indicating that neither Gi-like proteins nor cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases play a critical role in these processes. Blockade of protein synthesis with cycloheximide, as well as inhibition by H89 of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (but not by bisindolylmaleimide of protein kinase C) antagonized the influences exerted by PACAP on adenylyl cyclase activity and inositol phosphate formation. Transcription of the chimeric GAL4-CREB construct, transiently transfected into CATH.a cells, was stimulated by PACAP, and this effect was potentiated as a result of chronic PACAP treatment. The results of the present investigation provide new insight into the possible differential regulation and cross-talks of transduction signals of receptors linked to multiplex signaling. They demonstrate that prolonged exposure of CATH.a cells to PACAP results in the desensitization of the cyclic AMP pathway and superinduction of the inositol phosphate signal, through protein neosynthesis and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation. At the same time, they show that desensitization of cyclic AMP signaling not only fails to hamper, but actually amplifies PACAP-stimulated CREB-regulated transcription.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041431.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic control of iron oxide dissolution in two ferralitic soils (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 47 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Second derivative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in the visible range has been used to characterize changes in colour and identify the nature of Fe oxides which withstand reduction during experimental yellowing of reddish materials. It is accepted that haematite dissolves preferentially and faster than goethite, and Al-substitution controls the dissolution kinetics of Fe oxides. However, DRS has shown that haematite is more resistant than predicted and that some Fe-oxides, probably trapped within kaolinite particles, are inaccessible to solvents. DRS allows the nature of dissolved phases at each deferration step to be determined and changes in Al-content of residual phases throughout deferration to be followed. It also demonstrated that Helmholtz coordinates correlate very well with changes in Fe-oxide mineralogy and are preferable to redness ratings when monitoring differential dissolution of Fe oxides through colour measurements. DRS is a powerful and sensitive technique for monitoring the dissolution of Fe oxides in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01367.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irregular grain structure in micromagnetic simulation : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4695-4697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A randomized microstructure based on the Voronoi diagram is proposed for micromagnetic models. Simulations illustrate variability of extrinsic magnetic properties with microstructure, medium noise dependence on medium properties, and jitter dependence on trackwidth. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361708
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Track-width dependence of transition jitter : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5652-5654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple model that represents the microstructure of magnetic medium as a rectangular tesselation predicts that the mean-square jitter is inversely proportional to the track width. We test this prediction using different width heads as well as creating different track widths by partially erasing the original track. We also simulate these experiments using a micromagnetic model. Our experimental and simulation results are found to be in agreement with the prediction. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362271
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of the charge carriers accumulation/depletion in porous silicon contacted by a liquid phase (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2513-2516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The origin of the electronic free charge carriers accumulation/depletion in the porous silicon skeleton contacted with an electrolyte is determined by investigating the limiting step in the conduction process. Experimental evidences, supported by quantitative considerations, show that the porous silicon can be conductive if the free charge carriers flux supplied by the substrate is not the rate determining step of the electrical current conduction. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361180
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of a parasitic surface film on p+ type porous silicon (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 6659-6666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The presence of a parasitic surface film of 80 nm thickness has been observed by x-ray reflectivity on the top of some p+ type porous silicon layers, related to a contamination of the substrate. After testing several methods to clean the substrate and to avoid this film, it was found that a 300 °C thermal annealing of the substrate is sufficient to obtain a homogeneous porous layer. The thickness of the perturbed surface layer is determined by anodic oxidation experiments and the effect of the parasitic surface film on the porous silicon formation is studied by comparing porous layers formed on untreated and on annealed substrates. The hypothesis of a passivation of the boron doping atoms by hydrogen is discussed and we review the observations of nonhomogeneous porous layers which could be related to such a contamination problem. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369041
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ellipsometric measurements of the polarizability anisotropies of push–pull molecules in solution (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2888-2893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed an experimental setup for the measurement of the polarizability anisotropy of push–pull molecules in solution. We have used this technique to investigate prototype push–pull molecules that have been incorporated as doping chromophores in low glass transition temperature photorefractive polymers. Results obtained evidence for these compounds that the refractive index modulation is dominated by the orientational birefringence contribution while the electro-optic contribution remains small. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367075
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