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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1960-1964
  • 1996  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial thin-film ruby as an ion-irradiation damage sensor (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 3587-3589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fluorescence from a thin ruby film, formed by epitaxial growth on a sapphire substrate, is shown to be a sensitive monitor of both the irradiation dose and the strain produced by irradiation of argon ions having an end of range exceeding the thickness of the ruby film. Decreases in fluorescence intensity are detectable for doses in excess of 1012 cm2, whereas no damage is detectable by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling until doses almost two orders of magnitude larger. Using the systematic shift in fluorescence frequency observed with irradiation, it is concluded that lattice strain accumulates rapidly for doses in excess of 1014 cm2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363232
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high sensitivity time-resolved microfluorimeter for real-time cell biology (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3716-3721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe an instrument based on the novel combination of synchrotron radiation, a high sensitivity time-resolved microfluorimeter, and a multiframe single photon counting data acquisition system. This instrument has been designed specifically to measure kinetic events in live cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and is capable of rapidly collecting multiple consecutive decay profiles from a small number of fluorophores. The low irradiance on the samples (〈10 mW/cm2) greatly reduces probe photobleaching and specimen photodamage during prolonged exposures. The Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source provides fully wavelength tunable light pulses that have a full width half-maximum of 160 ps at a repetition rate of 3.125 MHz, with the high temporal stability required for continuous measurements over periods of hours. A very low limit of detection (〈104 molecules/mW/cm2) is accomplished by combining a high-gain single photon counting detection system with a low fluorescence background optical layout. The latter is achieved by the inclusion of collimating optics, a reflecting objective, and a specially designed beam stop situated in the epi-fluorescence light-path. A typical irradiance of 8 mW/cm2 on a sample of ∼105 fluorescein molecules gives, in under 20 s, a fluorescence decay profile with a peak height of 104 counts, over 400 channels, and a signal to background ratio better than 40. The data acquisition system has been developed to have a real-time time-resolved fluorescence collection capability (denoted as TR2) so that fluorescence lifetime data can be continually collected throughout a changing process. To illustrate the potential of this instrument, we present the results of a TR2 experiment in which lifetime measurements of fluorescence resonance energy transfer are used to monitor the degree of clustering of epidermal growth factor receptors during endocytosis, over a period of about 1 h, with a 5 s resolution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147138
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive evaluation of the oxidation stresses through thermal barrier coatings using Cr3+ piezospectroscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3754-3756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stresses in the aluminum oxide formed during high-temperature oxidation of a bond-coated superalloy are shown to be measurable through zirconia thermal barrier coatings. The basis for the measurements is the piezospectroscopic shift in the R-line fluorescence (photoluminescence) from Cr3+ impurities incorporated into the growing aluminum oxide scale. Measurements through the thermal barrier coating are feasible because (partially stabilized) zirconia coatings have some transparency at both the excitation and at fluorescence frequencies. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117182
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of electron transport across charged grain boundaries (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1755-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The I–V (current density-electric field) characteristics of low-angle grain boundaries consisting of periodic arrays of charged dislocations are computed using a quasiclassical molecular dynamics approach. Below a critical value of the grain boundary misorientation, the computed I–V characteristics are linear whereas above they are nonlinear. The degree of nonlinearity and the voltage onset of nonlinearity are found to be dependent on the grain boundary misorientation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117475
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustoelectric current saturation in c-axis fiber-textured polycrystalline zinc oxide films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 4065-4067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Acoustoelectric current saturation, which until now has only been observed in piezoelectric single crystals, is observed in thin polycrystalline zinc oxide films. Epitaxial ZnO films on c-plane sapphire and textured ZnO polycrystalline films on fused silica both exhibit current saturation phenomenon. The values of the saturation current densities are in the range 105–106 A/cm2, depending on the carrier concentration in the film, with corresponding saturation electric fields of 3–5×103 V/cm. In addition to the current saturation, the electrical properties of the films degraded with the onset of the acoustoelectric effect but could be restored by annealing at 250 °C in a vacuum for 30 min. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117819
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the stress in oxide scales formed by oxidation of alumina-forming alloys (1996)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 45 (1996), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation stresses ; piezospectroscopy ; fluorescence ; alumina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The alumina scales on a variety of high-temperature alloys are found to fluoresce when illuminated with light having a frequency greater than 18,000 cm−1. The fluorescence exhibits two narrow lines characteristic of chromium-doped alpha-aluminum oxide. The frequency shift of the two lines from the room-temperature, stress-free values of 14,402 cm−1 (1.786 eV) and 14432 cm−1 (1.789 eV) provides a noncontact measure of the stress in the alumina scales using the piezospectroscopic effect. In addition, the broadening of the lines is a measure of the stress gradient in the scale. The physical basis for the fluorescence technique is described together with its implementation for highspatial-resolution (∼2 μm) measurements. As illustration, room-temperature measurements of the residual stress in scales formed at 1100°C on single-crystal NiAl, polycrystalline Ni3Al, two Fe−Ni−Cr−Al alloys, and two Ni−Al base superalloys are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046985
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and fungitoxicity of 3-bromo-6-chloro- and 6-bromo-3-chloro-8-quinolinols (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 3-Bromo-6-chloro-8-quinolinol ; 6-Bromo-3-chloro-8-quinolinol ; 3-Bromo-6,8-dihydroxy-quinoline ; 3-Chloro-6,8-dihydroxyquinoline ; Fungitoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 3-Brom-6-chlor- und 6-Brom-3-chlor-8-nitro-, -8-amino- und -8-hydroxychinoline sowie 3-Brom- und 3-Chlorchinolin-6,8-diole wurden hergestellt und gegen sechs Pilzstämme (Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, Myrothecium verrucaria, Trichoderma viride, Mucor cirinelloides, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) inSabouraud-Dextrosenährmedium auf lhre fungizide Aktivität untersucht. Verbindungen mit Chlor in Position 3 sind durchwegs fungitoxischer als die entsprechenden Bromanalogen. 6-Brom-3-chlor-8-chinolinol hemmt das Wachstum von vier Pilzen bei Konzentrationen unter 1 µg/ml und das vonA. niger undM. cirinelloides bei einer Konzentration von jeweils 2 µg/ml.
    Notes: Summary 3-Bromo-6-chloro- and 6-bromo-3-chloro-8-nitro, -8-amino-, and -8-hydroxyquinolines along with 3-bromo- and 3-chloroquinolin-6,8-diols were prepared and tested for antifungal activity against six fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, Myrothecium verrucaria, Trichoderma viride, Mucor cirinelloides, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) inSabouraud dextrose broth. Compounds with chlorine in the 3 position were generally more fungitoxic than the corresponding analogues with bromine. 6-Bromo-3-chloro-8-quinolinol inhibited four fungi at levels below 1 µg/ml andA. niger andM. cirinelloides at 2 µg/ml each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813800
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of experimental bioactive glass compositions (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 32 (1996), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics studies for six experimental glass formulations in the system Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 synthesized by wet chemistry were conducted by means of differential thermal analysis. These glasses had CaO/P2O5 and SiO2/(CaO + Na2O) ratios ranging from 8.74-3.38 and 0.92-3.03, respectively. Samples of each glass (n = 30 were heated from 23 to 1250°C under N2 atmosphere at heating rates ranging from 10 to 50°C/min. Glass-ceramics were obtained after heat treating the initial glasses at temperatures determined from their DTA exotherms. The activation energy of crystallization for each glass composition was calculated from an expression-relating log-heating rate and the reciprocal of the exothermic peak temperature. The compositions of the six glasses were significantly different (p = 0.05). The activation energy of crystallization (Q) values ranged from 196 to 782 kJ/mole. A correlation was obtained between Q and CaO/P2O5 and between Q and the Young's modulus (p 〈 0.001). Two of the six glasses exhibited bulk crystallization. X-ray diffraction studies showed that four of the six glasses exhibited different proportions of crystalline phases following heat treatment. These phases were wollastonite (CaSiO3), Na2CaSi3O9, combeite [Na4Ca3SI6O16(OH)2], and some unidentifiable phases. Two of the six bioceramic materials had a mixture of unknown crystalline phases. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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