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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanophenoxy-containing microbial polyesters: Structural analysis, thermal properties, second harmonic generation and in-vivo biodegradability (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 39 (1996), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: Pseudomonas putida ; poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate) ; microbial polyesters ; poly[3-hydroxy-6(4-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate] ; non-linear optics ; in-vivo biodegradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pseudomonas putida KT 2442 was utilized as biocatalyst to form optoactive poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) from a cosubstrate mixture of octanoate and the achiral polarizable carbon source 6(4-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate, CPH. COSY and heteronuclear multiplet quantum correlation experiments were used to assign 1H and 13C NMR signals of 3-hydroxy-6(4-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate (3HCPH) repeat units. The methine carbon of 3HCPH repeat units was sensitive to repeat unit sequence effects, indicating that a substantial fraction of 3HCPH centered triad sequences in the product contain neighboring 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxhexanoate repeat units. Comparing the thermal properties of 0 and 19.6 mol% 3HCPH samples by differential scanning calorimetry shows that 3HCPH incorporation results in melting at temperatures 〉64°C (not seen for the 0 mol% sample), more rapid crystallization and a new Tg transition at ∼ -21°C. These characteristics indicate that chains and/or chain segments are formed that are enriched in 3HCPH which phaseseparate and form a unique crystal structure. Measurements of second harmonic generation (SHG) intensities carried out using in-situ corona-poled samples showed weak SHG signals that increased by a factor of 8 for an increase in the 3HCPH content from 26 to 34 mol%. Comparatively higher SHG intensities (5 times) were found for PHAs which contained 5.1 mol% 3-hydroxy-6(4-nitrophenoxy)hexanoate (3HNPH) repeat units relative to a PHA with 17 mol% 3HCPH. In-vivo biodegradation studies of microbial polyesters prepared with and without 3HCPH repeat units showed that PHA chains with 3HCPH degraded to lesser extents (weight loss of ∼ 20 and 50% over 72 h incubations). The large increase in polydispersity from 1.9 to 4.3 observed during in-vivo biodegradation of microbial polyesters containing 3HCPH repeat units was attributed to the existence of chains with highly variable contents of 3HCPH repeat units.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel transport in ideal magnetohydrodynamics and applications to resistive wall modes (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2469-2471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with an ideal Ohm's law, in the presence of parallel heat flux, density gradient, temperature gradient, and parallel compression, but in the absence of perpendicular compressibility, there is an exact cancellation of the parallel transport terms. This cancellation is due to the fact that magnetic flux is advected in the presence of an ideal Ohm's law, and therefore parallel transport of temperature and density gives the same result as perpendicular advection of the same quantities. Discussions are also presented regarding parallel viscosity and parallel velocity shear, and the generalization to toroidal geometry. These results suggest that a correct generalization of the Hammett–Perkins fluid operator [G. W. Hammett and F. W. Perkins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3019 (1990)] to simulate Landau damping for electromagnetic modes must give an operator that acts on the dynamics parallel to the perturbed magnetic field lines. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871709
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode coupling effects on resistive wall instabilities (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2344-2348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that destabilization of resistive wall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes in the presence of rotation is a mode coupling phenomenon. Based on this observation, certain unanticipated effects are readily explained. These include the fact that resistive wall modes with rotation can be unstable, even for parameters for which the MHD modes are stable with the wall at infinity, and the fact that this destabilization depends critically on the plasma parameters. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871917
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry experiments in gas-filled hohlraums at NOVA (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2022-2028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Understanding drive symmetry in gas-filled hohlraums is currently of interest because the baseline design of the indirect drive ignition target for the planned National Ignition Facility uses a gas-filled hohlraum. This paper reports on the results of a series of experiments performed at the Nova laser [C. Bibeau et al. Appl. Opt. 31, 5799 (1992)] facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with the goal of understanding time-dependent drive symmetry in gas filled hohlraums. Time-dependent symmetry data from capsule implosions and reemission targets in gas-filled hohlraums are discussed. Results of symmetry measurements using thin wall gas-filled hohlraums are also discussed. The results show that the gas is effective in impeding the motion of the wall blowoff material, and that the resulting implosion performance of the capsule is not significantly degraded from vacuum results. The implosion symmetry in gas differs from vacuum results with similar laser pointing indicating a shift in beam position on the hohlraum wall and hotter drive at the capsule's poles than at the equator. A theory has been proposed to explain the observed shift as a plasma physics effect: beam steering due to filamentation and transverse plasma flows. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871999
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation drive in laser-heated hohlraums (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2057-2062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nearly 10 years of Nova [E. M. Campbell, Laser Part. Beams 9, 209 (1991)] experiments and analysis have lead to a relatively detailed quantitative and qualitative understanding of radiation drive in laser-heated hohlraums. Our most successful quantitative modeling tool is two-dimensional (2-D) LASNEX numerical simulations [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 2, 51 (1975)]. Analysis of the simulations provides us with insight into the physics of hohlraum drive. In particular we find hohlraum radiation conversion efficiency becomes quite high with longer pulses as the accumulated, high-Z blow-off plasma begins to radiate. Extensive Nova experiments corroborate our quantitative and qualitative understanding. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872002
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization-induced refraction in recombination x-ray lasers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ionization-induced refraction is examined in regimes relevant to recent and planned recombination x-ray lasing experiments [D. C. Eder et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1744 (1994)]. A model that self-consistently evolves the laser radiation as it ionizes a neutral gas is presented. The model allows for multiple ionization stages and for spatial variations in the neutral gas density appropriate for studying gas jets and laser evaporated gases. The length of highly stripped plasma is calculated in H-like Li and Li-like N systems, where the conditions are appropriate for recombination. It is found that for a given pump power there is always an optimal spot size and focal position with respect to the gas jet, which minimizes refraction and maximizes the length for which gain is possible. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871868
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Quantification of Baroreflex and Respiratory Control of Heart Rate by Use of Bivariate Autoregressive Techniques (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Normal cardiovascular control involves nonstationary complex interactions between a variety of variables such as heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and respiratory activity.Methods: To account for both the complexity and transient nature of these phenomena, a closed-loop bivariate and time-variant (moving window) model was implemented using autoregressive parametric techniques to identify the typical HR and ABP spectral parameters of low frequency power (LF, 0.03–0.15 Hz), high frequency power (HF, 0.15–0.45 Hz), and their ratio LF/HF. In addition, cross-parameters, such as the gain, phase, and coherent power, between HR, ABP, and changes in instantaneous lung volume (ILV) were computed in both the LF and HF regions.Results: The cross-relations included the HR baroreflex (ABP-HR, alpha), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (ILV-HR), the mechanical influence of respiration (ILV-ABP), and the mechanical feedforward of HR (HR-ABP, beta). The analyses were performed on data from a gradual tilt protocol, which simulates the physiological nonstationarities encountered in daily life.Conclusions: The results were similar to those obtained using a bivariate batch (nonmoving window) Levinson-Wiggins-Robinson algorithm, but the time-variant technique was able to provide nearly continuous parameters, allowing for a real-time continuous monitoring of circulatory control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.1996.tb00279.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron mobility in liquid n-hexane/2,2-dimethylbutane mixtures under high pressure (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 1545-1548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of pressure on the electron mobility in mixtures of n-hexane and 2,2-dimethylbutane was studied over the whole concentration range. The variation of mobility with pressure is discussed in terms of a two-state model, and provides information on the volume changes occurring on localization. The observed volume changes are interpreted as the difference between the cavity volume and the electrostriction volume of the localized electron. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GEOGIANTS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00796.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional removal of OH (X 2Π,ν=7) by O2, N2, CO2, and N2O (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 5798-5802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Collisional removal rate constants for the OH (X 2Π,ν=7) radical are measured for the colliders O2, CO2, and N2O, and an upper limit is established for N2. OH(ν=4) molecules, generated in a microwave discharge flow cell by the reaction of hydrogen atoms with ozone, are excited to ν=7 by the output of a pulsed infrared laser via direct vibrational overtone excitation. The temporal evolution of the ν=7 population is probed as a function of the collider gas partial pressure by a time-delayed pulsed ultraviolet laser. The probe laser light is resonant with the (0,7) band of the B 2Σ+−X 2Π transition. Fluorescence from the B 2Σ+ state is detected in the visible spectral region. We measure rate constants for CO2, (6.7±1.0)×10−11; N2O, (3.0±0.6)×10−11; O2, (7±2)×10−12; and N2, 〈6×10−13 (all in units of cm3 s−1). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471311
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