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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHO DUKX cell lineages preadapted to growth in serum-free suspension culture enable rapid development of cell culture processes for the manufacture of recombinant proteins (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 52 (1996), S. 518-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: CHO cells ; serum-free medium ; adaptation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using an adaptive strategy, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were developed that are capable of robust growth in serum-free suspension culture. These preadapted derivatives of the commonly used strain of CHO cells (CHO DUKX), termed PA-DUKX, were used for the introduction and stable expression of several heterologous human genes. A significant advantage of recombinant PA-DUKX cells was their ability to readily resume growth in serum-free suspension culture after transfection and amplification of heterologous genes. Expression of recombinant human proteins in PA-DUKX cells was quantitatively similar to that of lineages generated using conventional CHO DUKX cells. In addition, recombinant human proteins expressed by transfected PA-DUKX lineages were shown to be biochemically and structurally similar to those expressed in CHO DUKX cells, PA-DUKX host cell technology provides an opportunity for reducing the time and resources required to develop large-scale, suspension culture-based manufacturing processes employing serum-free medium. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. IV. Optical properties of nylon 66 fibers as a function of quenching process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1269-1288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this work, optical properties of samples of nylon 66 fibers were quenched in coarse-grained ice after annealing in the temperature range 80-180°C for 1-10 h. Two independent techniques were used to study optical parameters in these fibers. The first technique is the application of the diffraction technique to study the effect of quenching on the swelling factors of these fibers for some different liquids at room temperature of 25 ± 1°C. The second method dealt with the application of multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to estimate the refractive indices and birefringence of the skin and core of these fibers. The obtained results were utilized to calculate the polarizability per unit volume, isotropic refractive indices, and the Cauchy's dispersion constants. The relationship between n∥,⊥s, n∥,⊥c, n∥,⊥a, Δns, Δnc, Δna, n(iso)s, n(iso)c, and n(iso)a different annealing times and temperatures is given for these fibers. Microinterferograms and curves are also given. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. III. Optical anisotropy in nylon 66 fibers as a function of annealing process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1247-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nylon 66(ICI Polyamide 66, Carded & Combed Top) fibers were annealed in the temperature range 80-180°C for 1-10 h. Refractive indices and birefringence were measured interfer-ometrically. Two independent techniques were used to study the optical anisotropy in these fibers. The first technique was to study the effect of annealing on the swelling properties of fibers from its diffraction pattern using a He - Ne laser beam. The second was the application of multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine the skin and core refractive indices and double refraction of annealing samples. The application was carried out using multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine Cauchy's constants and the dispersive coefficient for the fiber layers. The resulting data were used to calculate the mean polarizability per unit volume and the isotropic refractive indices. Behavior of optical properties at different annealing conditions is discussed. The results obtained clarify the new reorientation, and each layer change occurred due to annealing at different conditions. Microinterferograms and curves are given for illustration. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyesters as binders for deinkable inks. I. Structural analysis of the polyesterification between o-phthalic anhydride and neopentyl glycol in bulk at 200°C by high resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1059-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyesters ; bulk polyesterification ; o-phthalic anhydride ; neopentyl glycol ; 13C-NMR spectroscopy ; structural analysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of the polyesterification in bulk without any external catalyst at 200°C of o-phthalic anhydride with neopentyl glycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol) with a mole ratio ([(SINGLE BOND) COOH]/[ (SINGLE BOND) OH]) = 0.7 has been carried out by high resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). Polyesters can be analyzed by 13C-NMR spectra because of the fact that both o-phthalic acid (o-phthalic anhydride) and neopentyl glycol carbons are sensitive to sequence effects. Spin-lattice relaxation times T1, of quaternary, tertiary and secondary carbons in different structures are in the 0.1-6.5 s range depending on the neighboring residue effects in the polymer chain. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. VI. Effect of annealing on some of the optical and dynamic mechanical parameters of polyester fibers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1585-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the structure of annealed polyester fibers (Egyptian manufacture) at a constant time of 5 h and different temperatures (80-190°C) were studied interferometrically. The Pulta polarizing interference microscope was used for determining the mean refractive indices and mean birefringence of these fibers. The multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission was also used for determining the refractive indices of the skin and core of these fibers. Also, the acoustic method was used for measuring the density and mechanical loss factor of these fibers. Relations between the mean refractive indices, birefringences polarizabilities per unit volume, and mechanical parameters of annealed polyester fibers with different temperatures are discussed to clarify the thermal effects. Illustrations are given using graphs and microinterferograms. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. II. Annealing effect on the birefringence variations of polyester fibers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1239-1246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The variation of refractive indices and birefringences of Egyptian-manufactured polyester fibers with different annealing times at constant temperature 160°C are studied by inter-ferometry. The polarizing interference microscope is used for determining the mean re-fractive indices and mean birefringence of these fibers. The results are used to calculate optical orientation function and the angle of orientation. Also, the acoustic method has been used for measuring the density and the mechanical loss factor of these fibers. Relations between the mean refractive indices, birefringence, polarizabilities, mechanical loss factors, and densities with annealing time are given for these fibers. Illustrations are given using graphs and microinterferograms. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation of poly(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 39 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: poly(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) ; dielectric constant ; dielectric loss ; activation energy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been studied for poly(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) (PFA) films over a wide temperature range in the frequency range 0.1-100 kHz. Two relaxation peaks were observed, one at room temperature (αa-relaxation) and the other in the range 170-140 K (β-relaxation), with activation energies of 143·2 and 16·4 kcal/mol, respectively. The β-absorption is attributed to the short segmental local mode motion of the main chains. The αa-relaxation can be interpreted as due to large-scale conformational rearrangement. The Cole-Cole diagrams are given at different temperatures and the distribution parameters (∊0-∊∞) and (1-α) of the relaxation times were calculated.The X-ray diffraction pattern of PFA shows both a diffuse halo and sharp reflections, characteristic of amorphous and crystalline phases of conventional semicrystalline polymers. Also, no evidence of crystallinity in the films due to thermal treatment during dielectric measurements was observed. IR spectra revealed the absence of any new peaks after the heat treatment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 32 (1996), S. 367-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement consisting of a mixture of 63.2 wt % α-tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP)[α-Ca3(PO4)2], 27.7 wt % dicalcium phosphate (DCP) (CaHPO4), and 9.1 wt % of precipitated hydroxyapatite [(PHA) used as seed material] was investigated. The cement samples were prepared at a liquid-to-powder ratio of: L/P = 0.30 ml/g. Bi-distilled water was used as liquid solution. After mixing the powder and liquid, some samples were molded and aged in Ringer's solution at 37°C. At fixed time intervals they were unmolded and then immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of TN = -196°C, lyofilized, and examined by X-ray diffraction as powder samples. The compressive strength versus time was also measured in setting samples of this calcium phosphate bone cement. The crystal entanglement morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: 1) α-TCP reacted to a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5OH, whereas DCP did not react significantly; 2) the reaction was nearly finished within 32 h, during which both the reaction percentage and the compressive strength increased versus time, with a strong correlation between them; and 3) the calcium phosphate bone cement showed in general a structure of groups of interconnected large plates distributed among agglomerations of small crystal plates arranged in very dense packings. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with CH2 CO (Ketene) (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 28 (1996), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics and mechanism of the gas-phase reaction of Cl atoms with CH2CO have been studied with a FTIR spectrometer/smog chamber apparatus. Using relative rate methods the rate of reaction of Cl atoms with ketene was found to be independent of total pressure over the range 1-700 torr of air diluent with a rate constant of (2.7 ± 0.5) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 K. The reaction proceeds via an addition mechanism to give a chloroacetyl radical (CH2ClCO) which has a high degree of internal excitation and undergoes rapid unimolecular decomposition to give a CH2Cl radical and CO. Chloroacetyl radicals were also produced by the reaction of Cl atoms with CH2ClCHO; no decomposition was observed in this case. The rates of addition reactions are usually pressure dependent with the rate increasing with pressure reflecting increased collisional stabilization of the adduct. The absence of such behavior in the reaction of Cl atoms with CH2CO combined with the fact that the reaction rate is close to the gas kinetic limit is attributed to preferential decomposition of excited CH2ClCO radicals to CH2Cl radicals and CO as products as opposed to decomposition to reform the reactants. As part of this work ab initio quantum mechanical calculations (MP2/6-31G(d,p)) were used to derive ΔfH298(CH2ClCO) = -(5.4 ± 4.0) kcal mol-1. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.8
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards meeting the paracelsus challenge: The design, synthesis, and characterization of paracelsin-43, an α-helical protein with over 50% sequence identity to an all-β protein (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 24 (1996), S. 502-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: de novo design ; protein structure ; inverse folding ; genetic algorithms ; 1H NMR ; CD ; peptide ; protein folding ; methanol ; ethylene glycol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In response to the Paracelsus Challenge (Rose and Creamer, Proteins, 19:1-3, 1994), we present here the design, synthesis, and characterization of a helical protein, whose sequence is 50% identical to that of an all-β protein. The new sequence was derived by applying an inverse protein folding approach, in which the sequence was optimized to “fit” the new helical structure, but constrained to retain 50% of the original amino acid residues. The program utilizes a genetic algorithm to optimize the sequence, together with empirical potentials of mean force to evaluate the sequence-structure compatibility. Although the designed sequence has little ordered (secondary) structure in water, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance data show clear evidence for significant helical content in water/ethylene glycol and in water/methanol mixtures at low temperatures, as well as melting behavior indicative of cooperative folding. We believe that this represents a significant step toward meeting the Paracelsus Challenge.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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