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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fas ligand is expressed in normal skin and in some cutaneous malignancies (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 139 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fas, a cell surface receptor and member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, induces apoptosis upon oligomerization by its ligand (Fas ligand: FasL). Detailed studies have revealed that Fas is broadly expressed in normal human tissues, but relatively little is known about the range of cell types capable of expressing FasL. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo patterns of expression of Fas and FasL in human skin tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed using paraffin-embedded samples of normal and neoplastic skin tissues. In normal skin, FasL was expressed in the epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and outer root sheath of the hair. In squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), all cases analysed expressed FasL at high levels, whereas 60% of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) were positive for FasL. Expression of Fas in normal skin was observed in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis, the outer root sheath of the hair, and the sebaceous glands. Expression of Fas was observed in all the SCC tested and none of the BCC tested. Expression of FasL by normal cells and tumour cells in skin tissue, demonstrated for the first time in the present study, may provide an important clue to understanding skin physiology, and immune evasion of skin tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02353.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herpes zoster in three healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken); the causative virus differed from vaccine strain on PCR analysis of the IV variable region (R5) and of a PstI-site region (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to determine whether the causative virus was a vaccine-derived or wild-type virus when zoster occurred in healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken). The DNAs of clinical isolated strains and vaccine strain (Oka/Biken) were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction with two sets of primers for the variable region IV (R5 tandem direct reiterations, TDR) and for the region with a PstI site in a middle portion of the long unique segment of the varicella zoster virus genome. Of six zoster patients after vaccination with Biken, three clinical isolates were examined and had two copies in R5 TDR and were PstI-site positive. Therefore, these strains were different from the vaccine-type strain (Oka/Biken), which had two copies in R5 TDR and was PstI-site-negative. The mean age of onset of zoster was 4 years. The mean age of vaccination was 25 months. The mean interval between vaccination and onset of zoster was 22 months. Hence the results indicate that the causative virus of zoster in healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken) was wild type and differed from the vaccine strain. Some vaccinees probably do not have protective immunity for a long time after immunization because the mean interval between vaccination and onset of zoster was 22 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18151926.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of an antifungal PR-5 protein from flower buds of Brassica campestris and cloning of its gene (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 101 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) group 5 protein with a molecular mass of 27 kDa (BFTP) was purified from flower buds of Brassica campestris. BFTP exhibits antifungal activity against Neurospora crassa, causing rapid release of cytoplasmic material at the hyphal tips of the fungus. BFTP immuno-cross-reacts with antiserum raised against the tobacco osmotin-like PR-5 protein. Using a PCR product generated with the help of two degenerate PCR primers for (1) the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein and (2) the conserved peptide domain that appears in all PR-5 proteins, we were able to isolate from a flower-bud cDNA library a cDNA (933 bp) that encodes this protein (pBFTP). The deduced amino acid sequence shows high similarity to PWIR2 from wheat (43%) and thaumatin II from Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth (40%). It contains the 16 cysteine residues that are conserved in all PR-5 proteins at their invariant positions. The cDNA predicts the synthesis of a preprotein which is subsequently processed into the mature protein by removal of an N-terminal signal peptide. The mRNA is predominantly expressed in flower buds, with a moderate level of transcripts detected in stems. Very low levels of the mRNA are present in root and leaf tissue. The gene is a member of a small multigene family in the genome of B. campestris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01041.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the fluorine loading level on the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene over fluorine-modified alumina (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 51 (1998), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: 1-butene ; skeletal isomerization ; fluorine-modified alumina ; acid site concentration ; monomolecular reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract γ-alumina catalysts modified with different weight loadings of fluorine have been used for skeletal isomerization of 1-butene in order to investigate the effects of the fluorine loading level on the conversion of 1-butene and the selectivity to isobutene formation. Increasing the actual loading of fluorine up to 0.012 wt% led to an increase in conversion of 1-butene over fluorine-modified γ-alumina catalysts, while the high selectivity to isobutene remains almost unchanged. On the other hand, a clear trend of increasing 1-butene conversion with a decreasing selectivity to isobutene is observed for the γ-alumina catalysts with higher loadings of fluorine. An analysis of the results from the thermal analysis, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, infrared and the 1-butene sorption measurments clearly indicates that the number of strong acid sites in the modified γ-alumina catalysts is greatly enhanced at fluorine loadings higher than 0.012 wt%, leading to the acceleration of 1-butene oligomerization followed by cracking to light hydrocarbons. Therefore, the 1-butene isomerization selectivity from fluorine-modified γ-alumina catalysts can be understood in terms of a competition between the monomolecular and bimolecular reaction pathways, which highly depend on the concentration of strong acid sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019037017971
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of substituent distribution on water solubility of O-methylcellulose (1997)
    Springer
    Cellulose 4 (1997), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: O-methylcellulose ; water solubility ; substituents distribution ; regioselective substitution ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of substituent distribution on the water solubility of O-methylcellulose (MC) was re-examined to elucidate the lower limit of the degree of substitution (DS) in water-soluble MC. To this end, a series of 2,3-MCs which are regioselectively substituted at the C-2 and C-3 hydroxyl groups were prepared by homogeneous methylation. It was found that the lower limit for the DS value of water-soluble 2,3-MC was almost the same as that for MCs having even distributions of substituents along the cellulose chain as well as in the anhydroglucose units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018404426960
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary-layer flow of a micropolar fluid due to a stretching wall (1997)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 67 (1997), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words polymer ; extrusion ; boundary layer ; micropolar fluid ; similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  A Theoretical analysis is carried out to study the boundary-layer flow over a continuously moving surface through an otherwise quiescent micropolar fluid. The transformed boundary-layer equations are solved numerically for a power-law surface velocity using the Keller-box method. The effects of the micropolar K and exponent m parameters on the velocity and microrotation field as well as on the skin-friction group are discussed in a detailed manner. It is shown that there is a near-similarity solution of this problem. The accuracy of the present solution is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004190050113
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Evolution and Phylogeny of Satellite RNA Associated with Bamboo Mosaic Potexvirus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 207 -213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Bamboo mosaic virus — Satellite RNA — Satellite-encoded protein — Sequence variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Satellite RNA of bamboo mosaic potexvirus (satBaMV) is a linear RNA molecule which encodes a 20-kDa nonstructural protein. Sequences of seven different satBaMV isolates from bamboo hosts in three genera showed 0.7% to 7.5% base variation which spanned the whole RNA molecule. However, the putative 20-kDa open reading frame was all preserved in these isolates. The phylogenetic relationship based on the nucleotide sequence did not show particular grouping of satBaMV from the host in one genus; neither was the grouping of satBaMV evident by location of sampling. Putative secondary structures of the 3′ untranslated regions showed a basic pattern with conserved hexanucleotides (ACCUAA) and polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) located in the loop regions. Although the satBaMV-encoded 20-kDa protein is a nonstructural protein, its predicted secondary structure contains eight-stranded β-sheets which may form ``jelly-roll'' structure similar to that found in capsid protein encoded by satellite virus of panicum mosaic virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006137
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Conductance and Lifetimes in a Ballistic Electron Waveguide (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 92 (1998), S. 519-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Conductance ; electron waveguide ; electron scattering ; Landauer formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ballistic electron waveguides are open quantum systems that can be formed at very low temperatures at a GaAs/AlGaAs interface. Dissipation due to electron–phonon and electron–electron interactions in these systems is negligible. Although the electrons only interact with the walls of the waveguide, they can have a complicated spectrum including both positive energy bound states and quasibound states which appear as complex energy poles of the scattering S-matrix or energy Green's function. The quasibound states can give rise to zeros in the waveguide conductance as the energy of the electrons is varied. The width of the conduction zeros is determined by the lifetimes of the quasibound states. The “complex energy spectrum” associated with the quasibound states also governs the survival probability of electrons placed in the waveguide cavities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023032420009
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A finite element analysis of the large plastic deformation behavior of amorphous glassy circular polymeric bars (1997)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 10 (1997), S. 138-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: BPA molecular network model ; finite element formulation ; amorphous glassy circular polymeric bars ; deformation localization development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The BPA eight-chain molecular network model is introduced into the finite element formulation of elastic-plastic large deformation. And then, the tensile deformation localization development of the amorphous glassy circular polymeric bars (such as polycarbonates) is numerically simulated. The simulated results are compared with experimental ones, and very good consistence between numerical simulation and experiment is obtained, which shows the efficiency of the finite element analysis. Finally, the influences of the microstructure parameterS ss on tensile neck-propagation and triaxial stress effect are studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207741
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds in the Spirotox Test: A Miniaturized Version of the Spirostomum ambiguum Test (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The Spirostomum ambiguum toxicity test has been intensively studied in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Warsaw University of Medicine for the last 5 years. The purpose of the present work was to develop and evaluate a miniaturized microplate version of the test, called the Spirotox test, and to estimate the toxicity of selected inorganic compounds to the Spirostomum ambiguum. The test was carried out in conventional 24-well (6 × 4) polystyrene multiwell plate. Preliminary test was one control and 11 toxicant concentrations with two duplicates. Definitive test was one control and five toxicant concentrations with three duplicates per concentration. Dilution of the sample was made directly in the plate. Toxicity series of heavy metals based on 24-h LC50 may be established as follows: Cu 〉 Ag 〉 Hg 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Ni 〉 Pb 〉 Co 〉 Mn. The series may be divided into four classes: extremely toxic: below 0.1 ppm (Cu, Ag, Hg); very toxic: 0.1–1.0 ppm (Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni); toxic: 1.0–10 ppm (Pb, Co); and low toxic: above 10 ppm (Mn). Anions were much less toxic to S. ambiguum than cations. Using the same classification, only cyanide (CN) was toxic, other anions were low toxic. Toxicity series based on 24-h LC50 may be established as follows: CN 〉 SeO3 〉 Cr2O7 〉 NO2 〉 S2O3 〉WO4 〉 BO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900278
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