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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved optical waveguide study of the reorientation in a nematic liquid crystal under applied electric field (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1135-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reorientation behavior of nematic liquid crystal molecules induced by an electric pulsed field was investigated by means of time-resolved optical waveguide spectroscopy (TROWS) which was developed to observe transient changes in dielectric constants and to measure the thickness of a thin dielectric medium. Time evolution of the waveguide mode patterns was successfully obtained by using TROWS, which records the reflectivity as both functions of the incident angle of laser light and the time from switching-on or -off of the external electric field. The transient dielectric tensor profile in the 4′-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) layer both after switching-on and -off of the electric field could be precisely determined in a three-dimensional coordinate system by using Deuling's theory which treats the orientational deformation induced by an external electric field. Theoretical analysis of TROWS data clearly indicated that half of the 5CB molecules rotate clockwise in the plane defined by the rubbing direction and the substrate normal, and the other half rotates counter-clockwise in the same plane. The counter rotation compensates the effect of birefringence observed in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the rubbing direction and the reorientation kinetics could be well described by the Ericksen–Leslie equation. Relaxation behavior from homeotropic to planar orientation could be treated as an orientation diffusion process by applying a Gaussian distribution function to the maximum tilting angle at the middle of the cell. We report the usefulness of TROWS which provided more detailed information about the dynamics of the 5CB molecules. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363859
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant interband tunneling current in InAs/AlSb/GaSb/AlSb/InAs diodes with extremely thin AlSb barrier layers (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 512-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the resonant interband tunneling current in InAs/AlSb/GaSb/AlSb/InAs double-barrier resonant interband tunneling diodes with extremely thin AlSb barriers. Although no negative differential resistance (NDR) was observed for the diode without AlSb barrier layers, NDR appeared when 0.5-monolayer(ML)-thick AlSb barrier layers were inserted. As the thickness of AlSb barriers (Lb) increased from 0.5 to 2 ML, the difference between the peak current density and the valley current density increased. This result indicates the crucial role of the extremely thin AlSb barrier layers that are responsible for the resonance level and move it up toward the GaSb valence-band edge with an increase in Lb. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119594
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly uniform and high-density GaAs/(GaAs)4(AlAs)2 quantum wires grown on (775)B-oriented GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2005-2007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Extremely uniform and high-density GaAs/(GaAs)4(AlAs)2 quantum wires (QWRs) were self-organized in a thin GaAs/(GaAs)4(AlAs)2 quantum well grown on a (775)B GaAs substrate with a regularly corrugated AlAs–on–GaAs interface and a flat GaAs–on–AlAs interface by molecular beam epitaxy. A strong photoluminescence (PL) peak at λ=692 nm from the GaAs/ (GaAs)4(AlAs)2 QWRs showed large polarization anisotropy [P=(I(parallel)−I⊥)/(I(parallel)+I⊥)=0.19]. A full width at half-maximum of the PL peak from the QWRs was as small as 15 meV at 14 K, which is smaller than those of any self-organized GaAs/AlGaAs QWRs reported so far. Density of the QWRs ( 8×105 QWRs/cm) is the same as the highest ever reported. These results indicate that the QWRs grown on the (775)B GaAs substrate meet requirements for applications to QWR lasers (high uniformity, high density, high optical quality, and simple fabrication process). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119769
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor IX inhibition and epitope localization of factor IX inhibitor antibodies in haemophilia B patients with anaphylactoid reactions (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. We describe the results of immunological studies, reaction kinetics and epitope localization of six inhibitor antibodies to factor IX (FIX) developed in severe haemophilia B patients. Three of the six patients had suffered recent anaphylactoid reactions to FIX concentrates, two others had in the past and one had none. All six inhibitors rapidly inactivated FIX activity in vitro, and the prominent immunoglobulin (IgG) subclass of the antibody was IgG4 when analysed with ELISA. Interestingly, we found an additional IgG1 component in the antibody samples from the patients who had recently experienced anaphylactoid reactions to FIX. When analysed with Western blotting in these three patients, the IgG4 antibody bound with enhanced affinity to the heavy chain or the light chain of FIX, and in two of the three the IgG1 antibody also bound strongly to the FIX heavy chain. The results suggest that the heavy chain of FIX might play a more significant role than the light chain in the pathogenesis of anaphylactoid reactions in haemophilia B patients with FIX inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1997.00070.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A trans-1,2-Diarylhexafluorocyclobutane (1997)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 1445-1447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270197003764
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and cellular mechanisms for periodontal diseases: role of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in induction of mucosal inflammation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An accumulation of elevated numbers of macrophages (Mø) and Ig producing cells is associated with localized and chronically inflamed gingiva of patients with adult periodontitis. When gingival lymphocytes were isolated from inflamed tissues and examined by flow cytometry, approximately 20–30% of lymphocytes were CD4+ T cells. For the analysis of Thl and Th2 cytokine expression by these CD4+ T cells, RNA was extracted and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed by using specific 5′ and 3′primers for IFN-γ and IL-2 (Thl), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 (Th2) and β-actin (housekeeping gene). Two distinct cytokine profiles were noted based on the expression of selected Thl and Th2 cytokines. Thus, one pattern was represented by the expression of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-6. IL-10 and IL-13. while the other case consisted of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-13. Except for a few cases, messages for IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected by cytokinespecific RT-PCR. The predominant expression of Th2 cytokines (e.g. IL-6. IL-10 and IL-13) may contribute to the induction of high B cell responses in local disease sites. On the other hand, lack of IL-4 may be responsible for the accumulation of Mφ in diseased periodontium. We also investigated whether a relationship exists between IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) expression and Mø persistence in the absence of exogenous IL-4. Gingival Mγ, when compared with monocytes (MN)/Mø from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), expressed high levels of IL-4R mRNA. When gingival Mø were incubated with recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4). the cell viability was dramatically reduced by apoptosis. These findings clearly show that the lack of IL-4 may contribute to the persistant occurrence of Mø at the disease site and addition of exogenous rIL-4 to gingival Mø cultures leads to cell death by apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01391.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient dimerization of propylene affording 2,3-dimethylbutenes by fluorinated alcohol modified nickel-phosphine catalyst system containing strong sulfonic acid and/or dialkyl sulfates (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 47 (1997), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A remarkable increase of both catalytic activity and the selectivity of dimers has been found for propylene dimerization affording 2,3-dimethylbutenes by a nickel-phosphine catalyst system composed of nickel naphthenate/P(cyclo-C6H11)3/A lEt3/ (CF3)2CHOH in the presence of CF3SO3H and/or Me2SO4: a combination of these effective additives also enhanced the reaction rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019076131291
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of tolcapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, on motor symptoms and pharmacokinetics of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 104 (1997), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor ; 3-O-methyldopa ; levodopa ; Parkinson's disease ; tolcapone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of tolcapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, on the bioavailability and efficacy of levodopa were evaluated in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 8 of whom showed signs of daily motor fluctuations (wearing-off phenomenon). Motor disabilities were assessed in 12 patients at 7 time points before and after the chronic administration of tolcapone using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The UPDRS score was improved at all points of determination. Eight patients with wearing-off phenomenon on levodopa showed symptomatic improvement on the combination. The area under the curve (AUC) for levodopa increased by 34% (p=0.0059) after the administration of tolcapone. The elimination half-life (T1/2) of levodopa was significantly prolonged by 81% (p=0.0001) after the treatment. The AUC of 3-O-methyldopa, a metabolite of levodopa, was decreased by 79% (p=0.0001) and the Cmax (maximum concentration) was also decreased by 80% after the administration (p=0.0001) of tolcapone. The combination of tolcapone and levodopa was well tolerated. Our findings suggest that tolcapone improves the pharmacokinetics of levodopa in plasma and motor symptoms of fluctuating PD patients. It is suggested that tolcapone may be a useful drug adjunct to levodopa in treating patients with PD with wearing-off phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273183
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pelvic exenteration for the treatment of gynecological malignancies (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 259 (1997), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Pelvic exenteration ; Primary and recurrent gynecological malignancies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Twenty-three patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for primary and recurrent gynecological malignancies from 1976 to 1994 are reported. Fifteen patients underwent total pelvic exenteration, 3 underwent anterior exenteration, and 5 underwent a posterior procedure. Eight patients had exenteration as their primary treatment (primary group), and 15 underwent exenteration as secondary treatment (recurrent group). In the primary group, two patients developed recurrence and died of it at 6 and 20 months after operation. Five patients are still being followed up and are alive without disease. Four of these 5 patients have survived more than 5 years. In the recurrent group, 12 patients were followed up and three died of complications during the early years. Seven patients died of cancer with the mean survival time of 16.6 months. The mean age, average operating time, and mean blood loss in the primary and recurrent groups were 57 vs. 53 years, 8 hours and 20 min vs. 8 hours and 10 min, and 4,120 vs. 4,190 ml, respectively. The overall cumulative 5-year survival rate was 34.7%, being 68.6% in the primary group and 16.7% in the recurrent group. It is noteworthy that the 5-year survival rate was 51.3% in the patients who had surgical margins free of disease. In conclusion, pelvic exenteration should be considered an acceptable therapeutic option when appropriately selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004040050147
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ca2+/CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclase activity is decreased in the Alzheimer's brain: Possible relation to type I adenylyl cyclase (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 104 (1997), S. 721-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) ; postmortem human brain ; adenylyl cyclase ; Western blot ; calcium ; calmodulin ; cAMP ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivities of four subtypes of adenylyl cyclase (AC) (types I, II, IV and V/VI), and basal, forskolin- and Mn2+-stimulated AC activities with or without calcium and calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) were estimated in parietal cortex membranes from cases with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and age-matched controls. Immunoreactivities of AC-I and AC-II were significantly decreased, but those of AC-IV and AC-V/VI did not change in DAT brains. There was a significant correlation of AC-I immunoreactivity with Ca2+/CaM-sensitive AC activity, but not with the Ca2+/CaM-insensitive activity. Ca2+/CaM-sensitive AC activity was significantly lower in DAT than in the control, indicating that impairment of Ca2+/CaM-sensitive AC-I is clearly involved in the pathophysiology of DAT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01291889
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