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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a high current H− source for European spallation source : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1012-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the European spallation source, a volume source based on the high efficiency source is being developed. The source will be optimized to produce high current densities in pulsed operation. A pulse generator delivering 1–1.5 ms pulses was installed. Furthermore, cesium was supplied to the plasma generator from an external oven. The cesium injection was optimized for a low e/H− ratio and a high current. We obtained a current density of 70 mA/cm2. This way, with an aperture radius of 4.25 mm, an H− current of 40 mA was extracted at an extraction voltage of 22 kV. After a description of the source and the experimental setup, measurements of the beam current density and the e/H− ratio will be presented in this article. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148547
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Bi+ source for heavy ion fusion : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1066-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A volume source based on the high efficiency source is being developed for heavy ion production. Bismuth was chosen for exemplifying investigations because of its low melting point. The ion source is driven by an arc discharge ionizing bismuth atoms which are evaporated from an oven inside the source chamber. It has been optimized to produce a beam with a fraction of singly ionized bismuth above 92%. A multiaperture extraction system was built consisting of seven holes with a radius of 3 mm each. For that system, the perveance limit was achieved at a beam current of 70 mA and an extraction voltage of 27.5 kV. The corresponding emission current density amounts to 35 mA/cm2. This value was obtained for an arc power of only 280 W. Furthermore, the emittance of a beam extracted from the multiaperture extraction system has been determined with a high power emittance scanner. It amounts to 0.27π mm mrad (80%, normalized, 4 rms). In this case, the emittance of a single beam is 0.017π mm mrad. This article will give a detailed description of both the source and the experimental setup. In addition, various dependencies between the plasma parameters and the beam composition are presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148634
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety of retroviral gene marking with a truncated NGF receptor (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 9 (2003), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor Random integration into the host cell genome and inappropriate transgene expression are major safety concerns for the clinical use of retroviral vectors. Li et al. recently reported a leukemic transformation of mouse bone marrow cells caused by integration of a transgene-carrying ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0403-367
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (−)-Tetrahydropalmatine Monohydrate (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1977-1980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270198009676
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the Tannin Geraniin Based on Conventional X-ray Data at 295 K and on Synchrotron Data at 293 and 120 K (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 687-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Geraniin, C41H28O27.7H2O, is the main tannin from Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., which is one of the most popular folk medicines and also an official antidiarrheic drug in Japan. Conventional X-ray diffractometer data at 295 K and synchrotron data at 293 and 120 K (at EMBL/DESY Hamburg with a MARRESEARCH imaging plate) were measured. The structure could not be determined with any of the currently distributed direct-methods programs, but was easily solved with DIRDIF using several conformers of the hexahydroxydiphenoyl group as input fragments into a vector-search procedure. A molecular structure was established where a cyclohexenetrione moiety attached to O4 of a central glucose unit was in a hydrated six-membered hemiacetal ring structure, as expected from the NMR study of crystalline geraniin. Owing to the high oligocyclic substitution the glucopyranosyl ring is in the unusual 1C4 conformation. Refinement of the low-temperature synchrotron data allowed identification of almost all the H atoms, even within the seven water molecules, so that a rather complex system of approximately 30 different hydrogen bonds can be studied in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768198000081
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimal Surfaces of Least Total Curvature and Moduli Spaces of Plane Polygonal Arcs (1998)
    Springer
    Geometric and functional analysis 8 (1998), S. 1129-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8970
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000390050125
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die versorgungsrechtliche Beurteilung einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (1998)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 811-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung ; Sozialmedizinische Begutachtung ; Suizidunfall ; Key words Posttraumatic stress disorder ; Social medicine expert opinion ; Railway suicide accidentDas Konzept der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The concept of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become important for psychiatric diagnosis and research, particularly following US-american studies on Vietnam war veterans. Recently, studies on traindrivers involved in suicide accidents have shown symptoms of anxiety and depression in more than 30% of concerned drivers and typical symptoms of a PTSD in 15%. Here, we present the case of a traindriver who was involved in 6 suicide accidents within 17 years of traindriving (the average is 2 suicide accidents). Following the 3rd accident, the driver developed increasingly symptoms like anxiety, sleep disturbances, flashbacks and irritability. Following the 6th accident, he has been unable to work. A former expert opinion saw no relationship between the symptoms of the driver and the suicide accidents. Therefore, further information about the concept of a PTSD seems necessary to ensure early psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment of patients with such a disorder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Konzept der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTSD) erlangte v.a. durch US-amerikanische Studien an Vietnamkriegsveteranen Bedeutung für die psychiatrische Diagnostik und Forschung. Neuere Studien an Zugführern, die in Suizidunfälle verwickelt waren, zeigten ängstlich-depressive Symptome bei mehr als 30% und typische Symptome einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei 15% der Betroffenen. Wir präsentieren die Kasuistik eines Lokomotivführers, der im Rahmen seiner Tätigkeit 6 Suizidunfälle innerhalb von 17 Jahren miterlebt hatte. Der Durchschnitt liegt bei 2 Suizidunfällen. Mit dem 3. Unfall entwickelte der Proband zunehmende Ängstlichkeit, Schlafstörungen, Flashbacks und Reizbarkeit. Seit dem 6. Unfall ist er arbeitsunfähig. In einer früheren gutachterlichen Stellungnahme wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen den Symptomen des Probanden und den Suizidunfällen gesehen. Daher scheint eine weitere Aufklärung über das Krankheitsbild einer PTSD notwendig, um eine frühzeitige psychotherapeutische und pharmakologische Behandlung von Patienten mit einer solchen Erkrankung sicherzustellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050347
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary evolution of cystic fibrosis patients colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Burkholderia cepacia (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 427-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Cystic fibrosis ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Pseudomonas infection ; Pulmonary function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analysed the pulmonary evolution (radiological scores and pulmonary function) of 81 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), by Burkholderia cepacia (BC) or by both these bacteria, compared to a control group. Pulmonary function was compared in the age bracket 6–13 years. Functional vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) values for PA colonized patients were significantly worse than for the control group but better than for children colonized by both organisms. In this last group, the evolution of radiological scores and pulmonary function showed a greater decline 2 years after the first colonization compared to the other groups. FVC and FEV1 values in patients colonized by BC were not worse than these of patients colonized by PA. Moreover, BC affected older patients with advanced lung disease and often previously colonized with PA. These results suggested that co-colonization by PA and BC could be a more deleterious factor on the pulmonary evolution than the isolated colonization by PA or BC, and that BC could be a severity marker rather than a cause. In addition, after starting the utilization of mouthpieces with filter at single use for spirometry in 1993 (without any other change in preventive measures already taken during hospitalization), incidence of BC decreased from 8.2% to zero, and no new case of BC colonization has been observed over the last 4 years. Conclusion Co-colonization of CF patients by PA and BC is more deleterious for pulmonary evolution than colonization by one of these bacteria alone. Re-inforcement of environmental measures during hospitalization (e.g. use of disposable mouthpieces for spirometry) was sufficient to reduce the transmission of BC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050844
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intergeneric pollen – megagametophyte relationships of conifers in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 881-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Conifers ; In vitro fertilization ; Intergeneric crosses ; Prezygotic barriers ; Gamete delivery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Germinating pollen from larch (Larix occidentalis), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and white pine (Pinus monticola) were co-cultured with megagametophytes dissected from cones of other genera (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix×eurolepis and Pinus monticola). Pollen was presented to megagametophytes possessing archegonia which were either alive, degenerating or dead. In addition, pollen was presented to fertilized megagametophytes and to megagametophytes that had been cut in half. Megagametophyte penetration by pollen tubes and male gamete release into archegonia were verified by serial sections of glycomethacrylate-embedded specimens. Pollen tubes penetrated through any part of the apex of the megagametophyte. Division of the body cell into the two gametes was regularly observed. Delivery of gametes was confirmed between spruce and larch. Pollen tubes also penetrated fertilized megagametophytes, dead or degenerating archegonia as well as wounded and/or cut surfaces. This demonstrates the inability of the male gametophyte to optimize its mating efforts, since it is unable to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy archegonia. The megagametophyte cells are unable to optimize male selection. They may produce secretions of a generally attractive nature, as pollen is attracted to the apex of the megagametophyte, but archegonia themselves do not produce pollen-specific signals of either a promotive or inhibitory nature. These results open new avenues for the development of novel breeding strategies where natural breeding barriers may be bypassed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050968
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megagametophytes of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis) in culture: Multiplication of neck cells and the formation of binucleate cells (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 204 (1998), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Neck cell proliferation ; Binucleate ; Douglas fir ; Conifers ; Genetic instability ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To study the effect of culturing on megagametophytes of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis), cones were collected at the time of fertilization and the megagametophytes were removed, then placed on medium. We used a modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5% lactose and 10% polyethylene glycol 4000. A variety of cell types proliferated including prothallial, neck, and jacket cells. Some of these multiplying cells showed a binucleate condition. The prothallial cells of the apex divided and expanded. The neck cells formed clusters composed of more cells than normally found in situ; though otherwise they showed ultrastructural similarity to neck cells in situ. These neck cells had large numbers of active Golgi complexes, numerous large and small vacuoles, coated vesicles, smooth vesicles, a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, and thickened cell walls. These are the first reports of neck cell multiplication and induction of a binucleate state for gymnosperm megagametophyte cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280325
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