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  • 1
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of biologically active proteins applied to chronic wounds is almost totally unknown. Growth factors may be degraded by proteases, which are produced by both inflammatory and skin cells and by resident bacteria. However, there has been little work on the effect of chronic wound fluid on the activity of growth factors. A bioassay method has been chosen to examine the effect of incubation of platelet-derived growth factor with chronic wound fluid from leg ulcers on the in vitro growth of human dermal fibroblasts. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in serum-free medium, and a dose–response curve for proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor was obtained. Wound fluid was collected under occlusive dressings from five patients with chronic leg ulcers. Platelet-derived growth factor was incubated with chronic wound fluid at 37 °C for 4 hours, and the reactions arrested by snap freezing. The resultant solutions were tested for their ability to promote fibroblast proliferation. A colorimetric assay was used to monitor changes in the platelet-derived growth factor mitogenicity. The results showed that, in our standard culture conditions, chronic wound fluid always stimulated fibroblast proliferation, and, in most cases, incubation of platelet-derived growth factor with chronic wound fluid increased the stimulation compared with that produced by platelet-derived growth factor or chronic wound fluid alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A laser light source for high-resolution near-field optics applications with an output power exceeding 1 mW (104 times the power from previous sources) and small (300 nm square to less than 50 nm square) output beam size is demonstrated. The very-small-aperture laser (VSAL) tremendously expands the range of applications possible with near-field optics and increases the signal-to-noise ratios and data rates obtained in existing applications. As an example, 250-nm-diam marks corresponding to 7.5 Gb/in.2 storage density have been recorded and read back in reflection and transmission on a rewritable phase-change disk at 24 Mb/s with a 250-nm-square aperture VSAL. VSALs potentially enable data storage densities of over 500 Gb/in.2 (up to 100 times today's magnetic or optical storage densities). © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 19 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Use of direct-push sampling tools fur rapid investigations of contaminated sites has proliferated in the past several years. A direct-push device, referred to as a ground water sampling profiler, was recently developed at the University of Waterloo. This tool differs from oilier direct-push tools in that point samples are collected at multiple depths in the same hole without retrieving, decontaminating, and re-driving the tool alter each sampling event. The collection of point samples, rather than samples from a longer screened interval, allows an exceptional level of detail to be generated about the vertical distribution of contamination from each hole. The benefits of acquiring this level of detail arc contingent on minimization of vertical cross contamination of samples caused by drag down from high concentration zones into underlying low concentration zones. In a detailed study of chlorinated solvent plumes in sandy aquifers, we found that drag down using the profiler is minimal or non-detectable even when the tool is driven through high concentration zones of dissolved chlorinated solvent contamination. Chlorinated solvent concentrations, primarily PCE and TCE at or below a detection limit of 1 μg/L, were obtained directly beneath plumes with maximum concentrations up to thousands of μg/L. Minimal drag down, on the order of a few μg/L to 20 μg/L, may have been observed below chlorinated solvent concentrations of several tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of μg/L. Drag down through DNAPL zones was not evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7599-7613 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We simulate H2 adsorbed within zeolite Na-A. We use a block Lanczos procedure to generate the first several (9) rotational eigenstates of the molecule, which is modeled as a rigid, quantum rotor with an anisotropic polarizability and quadrupole moment. The rotor interacts with Na cations and O anions; interaction parameters are chosen semiempirically and the truncation of electrostatic fields is handled with a switching function. A Monte Carlo proceedure is used to sample a set of states based on the canonical distribution. Potential energy surfaces, favorable adsorbtion sites, and distributions of barriers to rotation are analyzed. Separation factors for ortho–parahydrogen are calculated; at low temperatures, these are controlled by the ease of rotational tunneling through barriers. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cells of the salt-tolerant charophyte Lamprothamnium respond differently to hypotonic challenge according to their position on the plant (i.e. cell age). Differences in electrophysiological response are coupled with differences in cell fine structure, and the presence or absence of extracellular mucilage. (1) Young, apical (fast-regulating, FR) cells respond with sudden cessation of cyclosis, depolarization to –50 mV (in some cells by more than 100 mV) and increase in membrane conductance by up to an order of magnitude. Intracellular [K+]v, [Na+]v and [Cl–]v decrease 1 h after hypotonic challenge. Patch-clamping cytoplasmic droplets reveals two types of K+ channel, 150 pS and 35 pS, and a small conductance Cl– channel, 35 pS (conductances at estimated tonoplast resting potential between zero and 20 mV). Extracellular mucilage is thin (〈 5 μm thick) or lacking, similar to freshwater Chara. Unlike freshwater charophytes these cells have a canalicular vacuolar system of large surface area and compartment the fluorochrome 6 carboxyfluorescein in the cytoplasm rather than the vacuolar system. (2) Older basal (slow-regulating, SR) cells do not cease streaming on hypotonic challenge and depolarize only slightly (by approximately 20 mV) with small or no change in membrane conductance. After 1 h the intracellular [K+]v, [Na+]v and [Cl–]v scarcely change. Patch-clamping cytoplasmic droplets reveals two types of K+ channel, medium conductance 90 pS and low conductance (as in FR cells). The large conductance K+ channel was not observed. The Cl– channel was more active in SR cells. The cells were coated with extracellular mucilage more than 10 μm thick. In a similar manner to freshwater Chara, these cells compartment 6 carboxyfluorescein in a large central vacuole. In the older cells, making up the bulk of any given plant, the simultaneous development of extracellular mucilage and a large central vacuole which compartments 6 carboxyfluorescein is associated with a minimal electrophysiological response to hypotonic challenge. The significance of these findings for salt-tolerance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 17 (1999), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The Coprinus cinereus (CiP) heme peroxidase was subjected to multiple rounds of directed evolution in an effort to produce a mutant suitable for use as a dye-transfer inhibitor in laundry detergent. The wild-type peroxidase is rapidly inactivated under laundry conditions due to the high pH ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] DNA family shuffling of 26 protease genes was used to create a library of chimeric proteases that was screened for four distinct enzymatic properties. Multiple clones were identified that were significantly improved over any of the parental enzymes for each individual property. Family shuffling, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 29 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: This research tested contrasting predictions about activation and use of racial stereotypes in personnel decisions. Devine's (1989) theory' holds that stereotyped inferences should be apparent when decisions are time constrained and judges have little opportunity to suppress automatically activated stereotypes. Gilbert & Hixon's (1991) busy-ness model implies that stereotypes are unlikely to be activated and to influence the decisions of judges unless these decisions are not time-constrained. Participants were allowed 90 s or 180 s to evaluate Black and White candidates for football managerial positions requiring aggressiveness (linebacker coach) or cognitive prowess (general manager). Only when decisions were not time constrained did participants show stereotyped judgments by favoring Whites for the general manager's position and overranking Blacks for linebacker coach. This pattern was consistent with Gilbert & Hixon's busy-ness model and contrary to Devine's theory of automatically activated stereotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Säuglinge ; Kleinkinder ; Unfall ; Hospitalisierung ; Prävention ; Key words Infants ; Toddlers ; Accident ; Hospitalization ; Prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Since the end of the 1960ies, accidents have been identified as the most common cause of mortality in children and account for considerable childhood morbidity in industrialized western countries. In contrast to traffic-related accidents in older children and adolescents, which were consequently registered and documented, no epidemiological data exist about home injuries and accidents during the first years of life in Germany. This report presents data on accident-related hospitalizations in a cohort of 10271 infants, who participated in a prospective vaccine efficacy trial in Germany from 1991 to 1994. Methods: From the time-point of study entry (at the age of 2–4 months) until the end of the study (December 15, 1994) study families were biweekly contacted by phone using a standardized questionnaire, asking for medically-relevant events and hospitalizations. Results: Overall 1598 hospitalizations in 1282 study children were reported. Accidents were responsible for 338 hospitalizations (21.2%) in 319 children (57.1% boys). Two children died (one after a traffic accident and another one after drowning); mortality was 0.6%. The peak accident incidence was at the age of 9–12 months with 22 events/1000 observation years. Most accidents occurred in May (10.9%) and September/October (11.8%). Thursday was the day on which most accidents occurred (n=61, 18.1%). 72.5% of all accidents (n=245) were caused by physical trauma of kinetic (n=227) or thermic nature (n=18). Only 12 accidents (3.5%) were traffic-related. Head trauma was the most frequent accident (n=193, 57.2%), followed by ingestions (n=79, 23.4%), injuries (n=20, 5.9%), extremity-fractures (n=19, 5.6%), scalds/burns (n=18, 5.3%) and aspirations (n=9, 2.6%). Overall 12.7% of all hospitalizations registered during the study period were accident-related. Mean duration of hospitalization ranged from 1.3±1.2/1.9±1.8 d (ingestions, injuries) to 9.8±8.3/11.4±11.8 d (burns/scalds/fractures of the extremities). Children without siblings, cared by one parent showed the lowest, children with more than two siblings in families with four or more adults showed the highest accident rate (1.6 vs. 4.4%). Conclusion: Accidents in infants and toddlers represent an important, although generally underestimated childhood morbidity factor with higher incidence rates but lower mortality compared to accidents in older children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Seit dem Ende der 60er Jahre gehören Unfälle in den westlichen Industrienationen zu den häufigsten Ursachen kindlicher Morbidität und Mortalität. Während sich Unfälle bei älteren Kindern und Jugendlichen meist im Straßenverkehr ereignen und konsequent erfaßt bzw. dokumentiert werden, gibt es für Unfälle im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter, die sich bevorzugt bei häuslichen Aktivitäten ereignen, keine aktuellen epidemiologischen Daten in Deutschland. Im Rahmen einer Studie zur Wirksamkeit einer azellulären Pertussisvakzine konnten wir zwischen 1991 und 1994 prospektiv die Häufigkeit unfallbedingter Hospitalisierungen bei 10.271 Säuglingen und Kleinkindern in Deutschland erfassen und analysieren. Methode: In regelmäßigen 2wöchentlichen Telefoninterviews wurden die Sorgeberechtigten vom Zeitpunkt des Studienbeitritts (im Alter von 2–4 Monaten) bis zum Studienende (15. Dezember 1994) prospektiv über medizinisch bedeutsame Ereignisse und Hospitalisierungen der Studienkinder befragt. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 1.598 Hospitalisierungen bei 1.282 Kindern gemeldet. Unfälle waren für 338 stationäre Behandlungen (21,2%) bei 319 Kindern (57,1% Jungen) verantwortlich. 2 Kinder verunglückten tödlich (je 1 Verkehrs- und Ertrinkungsunfall); die Letalität betrug 0,6%. Der Altersgipfel der Unfallinzidenz zeigte sich mit 22 Unfällen pro 1.000 Beobachtungsjahren im Alter von 9–12 Monaten. Die unfallträchtigsten Monate waren Mai (10,9%), bzw. September/Oktober (je 11,8%), der unfallträchtigste Wochentag war der Donnerstag mit 61 (18,1%) Unfallereignissen. 72,5% aller Unfälle (n=245) wurden durch eine aktive bzw. passive Einwirkung physikalischer Kräfte verursacht (n=227 kinetischer, n=18 thermischer Natur). 12 Unfälle (3,5%) ereigneten sich durch die passive Teilnahme am Straßenverkehr. Häufigstes Unfallereignis waren Schädel-Hirn-Traumen (n=193, 57,2%), gefolgt von Ingestionen (n=79, 23,4%), Weichteilverletzungen (n=20, 5,9%), Extremitätenfrakturen (n=19, 5,6%), Verbrennungen/Verbrühungen (n=18, 5,3%) und Aspirationen (n=9, 2,6%). Insgesamt wurden 12,7% aller erfaßten stationären Krankenhausbehandlungstage durch Unfälle bedingt. Die mittlere Aufenthaltsdauer lag zwischen 1,3±1,2 und 1,9±1,8 Tagen (Ingestionen/Weichteilverletzungen) und 9,8±8,3 und 11,4±11,8 Tagen (Verbrennungen, Verbrühungen, Extremitätenfrakturen). Einzelkinder alleinerziehender Eltern zeigten mit 1,6% das geringste, Kinder aus Großfamilien (≥3 Kinder, 〉4 Erwachsene) mit 4,4% das höchste Unfallrisiko. Schlußfolgerung: Unfälle im Säuglings- und frühen Kleinkindesalter repräsentieren einen präventivmedizinisch bislang vernachlässigten Morbiditätsfaktor, mit höherer Inzidenz, jedoch niedrigerer Letalität im Vergleich zu Unfallereignissen bei älteren Kindern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of regulatory economics 15 (1999), S. 111-112 
    ISSN: 1573-0468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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