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  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 1935-1939
  • 2001  (11)
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  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet etching of GaAs using synchrotron radiation x rays (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3033-3040 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results of room-temperature wet etching of GaAs using synchrotron-radiation x rays are described. Under x-ray illumination, etching occurs on the n-GaAs surface in contact with an acid or base solution or even deionized water. The etching process is studied as functions of the electrolytes, their concentration, semiconductor doping level, and x-ray intensity and energy. The etching mechanism is determined to be primarily electrochemical in nature, but the x-ray radiation chemistry plays a role in the etching. Smoothly etched surfaces are achievable with a root-mean-square surface roughness of 0.7–2.0 nm. We also found that the etching rate increases substantially with the ratio of the sample size to the x-ray exposure size. This is accounted for by the rate-limiting effect on the charge transfer across the semiconductor-electrolyte junction. The chemistry of etched surfaces is studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared to that of as-received surfaces. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345859
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms for very long electromigration lifetime in dual-damascene Cu interconnections (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 904-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electromigration in 0.27 μm wide Cu damascene interconnections has been investigated. The results show that the electromigration time to failure of Cu interconnections is greatly influenced by the thickness of the metal liner at the contact between the via and underlying line. A remarkably long lifetime was achieved when a 3 nm thick liner (at the via/metal line interface) was used, since the abrupt mass flux divergence at this interface normally seen is greatly diminished. Voids were found in the regions where there was no electric field and on the bamboo Cu grain structure. Void formation is explained by the effect of a vacancy wind. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1347400
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel thermoregulatory system maintains perioperative normothermia in children undergoing elective surgery (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Body heat loss during anaesthesia may result in increased morbidity, particularly in high-risk populations such as children. To avoid hypothermia, a novel thermoregulatory system (Allon) was devised. We tested the safety and efficacy of this system in maintaining normothermia in children undergoing routine surgical procedures. Methods: The system consists of a computerized body, which receives continuous afferent data, i.e. core (rectal) temperature. These data are then compared with a preset temperature (37°C) and a microprocessor heating/cooling unit warms/cools the temperature of circulating water in a garment that is specially designed to allow maximal coverage of body surface area, without impingement on the surgical field. Water temperature to the garment was limited to a maximum of 39.5°C. Continuous perioperative monitoring of skin and rectal temperature, heart rate and blood pressure was performed. Postoperative shivering and adverse effects were also assessed. Results: The Allon system was used in 38 patients aged 3 months to 14 years undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia lasting more than 30 min. Fifty to 80% body surface area was covered by the garment. Mean operative and postoperative core temperatures were 36.9 ± 0.5°C and 36.7 ± 0.5°C, respectively. Intraoperative skin temperatures were maintained at 34.4 ± 2.7°C. The average core- to-periphery intraoperative gradient was 2.9 ± 4.9°C. Postoperative shivering was absent in 36 cases and mild in two cases. No device-related adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Perioperative thermoregulation using the Allon system is safe and effective in maintaining body temperature within a narrow range in children undergoing brief surgical procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00713.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis: a new spindle cell variant resembling dendritic cell sarcoma (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Cutaneous indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disorder. Its varied histological presentation and rarity have limited efforts to determine its pathogenic relationship with other histiocytic lesions and possibly, its recognition.Methods: We report on an unusual histologic pattern of indeterminate cell histiocytosis that resembled follicular dendritic sarcoma. A battery of immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy were performed to elucidate the phenotype of the “histiocytic” cells. Based on a review of the literature, reported cases of indeterminate cell histiocytosis are presented and the diagnostic differential of spindle-cell lesions is discussed.Results: Spindling histiocytes were positive for S-100 and CD1a. The monocytic/macrophage marker, CD68, and the dendritic cell marker, CD21, were negative. Electron microscopy failed to reveal Birbeck granules.Conclusions: Relatively few reports of indeterminate cell histiocytosis exist, some of which include discussion of potential overlaps with the non-X histiocytoses. Although the presence of prominent spindling in our case expanded the differential to include non-histiocytic disorders, the identified histiocytes unequivocally fulfilled the criteria of S-100 and CD1a positivity without demonstrable Birbeck granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0560.2001.281007.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disseminated acanthamoebiasis presenting as lobular panniculitis with necrotizing vasculitis in a patient with AIDS (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Disseminated acanthamoebiasis is a rare entity, almost exclusively occurring in the immunocompromised host.Methods: We report an unusual case of a 35-year-old female with recurrent sinusitis and multiple skin nodules demonstrating a necrotizing panniculitis, shown to be due to disseminated acanthamoebiasis.Results: Histologic sections showed a neutrophilic lobular panniculitis with 20- to 30-μm trophozoites consistent with Acanthamoeba species.Conclusions: A review the literature shows that the histopathological presentation of acanthamoebiasis often eludes initial diagnostic attempts and that central nervous system (CNS) involvement is frequent and ultimately fatal. When amoebiasis is suspected, knowledge of the trophozoite and cyst forms may be helpful in distinguishing Acanthamoeba species from Entamoeba histolytica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0560.2001.028006307.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual β-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase and acyltransferase motifs in TaK, a putative protein required for biosynthesis of the antibiotic TA in Myxococcus xanthus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 203 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The antibiotic TA of Myxococcus xanthus is produced by a type-I polyketide synthase mechanism. Previous studies have indicated that TA genes are clustered within a 36-kb region. The chemical structure of TA indicates the need for several post-modification steps, which are introduced to form the final bioactive molecule. These include three C-methylations, an O-methylation and a specific hydroxylation. In this study, we describe the genetic analysis of taK, encoding a specific polyketide β-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase, which contains an unusual β-ketoacyl synthase and acyltransferase motifs and is likely to be involved in antibiotic TA post-modification. Functional analysis of this β-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase by specific gene disruption suggests that it is essential for the production of an active TA molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10840.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and coral mucus in the adhesion of the coral-bleaching pathogen Vibrio shiloi to its host (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 199 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vibrio shiloi, the causative agent of bleaching the coral Oculina patagonica in the Mediterranean Sea, adheres to its coral host by a β-d-galactopyranoside-containing receptor on the coral surface. The receptor is present in the coral mucus, since V. shiloi adhered avidly to mucus-coated ELISA plates. Adhesion was inhibited by methyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. Removal of the mucus from O. patagonica resulted in a delay in adhesion of V. shiloi to the coral, corresponding to regeneration of the mucus. DCMU inhibited the recovery of adhesion of the bacteria to the mucus-depleted corals, indicating that active photosynthesis by the endosymbiotic zooxanthellae was necessary for the synthesis or secretion of the receptor. Further evidence of the role of the zooxanthellae in producing the receptor came from a study of adhesion of V. shiloi to different species of corals. The bacteria failed to adhere to bleached corals and white (azooxanthellate) O. patagonica cave corals, both of which lacked the algae. In addition, V. shiloi adhered to two Mediterranean corals (Madracis and Cladocora) that contained zooxanthellae and did not adhere to two azooxanthellate Mediterranean corals (Phyllangia and Polycyathus). V. shiloi demonstrated positive chemotaxis towards the mucus of O. patagonica. The data demonstrate that endosymbiotic zooxanthellae contribute to the production of coral mucus and that V. shiloi infects only mucus-containing, zooxanthellate corals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10647.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Positive and Negative Film Portrayals of Drinking on Older Adolescents' Alcohol Outcome Expectancies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: College students (76 females. 32 males) were shown videotaped clips from popular films depicting either (a) desirable outcomes of drinking distilled spirits, (b) undesirable outcomes of drinking distilled spirits, or (c) no portrayals of distilled spirits. After presenting the film clips, we assessed their alcohol outcome expectancies and intentions to drink alcoholic beverages in the next week Participants in the positive film condition endorsed more positive expectancies than did participants in the control condition, and participants in the positive and negative film conditions endorsed more negative expectancies than did the participants in the control condition. Intentions to drink distilled spirits in the next week did not differ by film condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02684.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A physical map of the human Y chromosome (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 409 (2001), S. 943-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome (NRY), which comprises 95% of the chromosome, does not undergo sexual recombination and is present only in males. An understanding of its biological functions has begun to emerge from DNA studies of individuals with partial Y chromosomes, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35057170
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 334-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Increasing evidence indicates that potent anti-HIV-1 activity is mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs); however, the effects of this immune pressure on viral transmission and evolution have not been determined. Here we investigate mother–child transmission in the setting of human ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35085576
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