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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Functional dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and can be generated in vitro from healthy as well as from leukaemic cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients giving rise to APC of leukaemic origin-presenting leukaemic antigens. We describe the generation and characterization of DC from different mononuclear cell (MNC) fractions from 50 AML patients under different serum-free culture conditions, determine the optimal culture conditions and compare the results with that from 23 healthy donors. In parallel cultures, we compared DC harvests after 7- or 14-day culture, with total or adherent MNC or T-cell depleted MNC or peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow-MNC (BM–MNC), thawn or fresh MNC, in Xvivo or CellGro serum-free media, ±10% autologous plasma or ±FL. In detail, we could show that AML–DC harvests were higher after 10–14 days culture (healthy DC: 7 days); total or adherent PB or BM–MNC fractions yield comparable DC counts, however, from magnetic cell sorting (MACS)-depleted MNC fractions or thawn MNC lower DC counts can be generated. Whereas the addition of FL increases the DC harvest, the addition of autologous plasma in many cases has inhibitory influence on DC maturation. CellGro and Xvivo media yield comparable DC counts. Optimal harvest of vital and mature DC from AML samples was obtained with a granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-4, FL and tumour necrosis factor-α-containing serum-free Xvivo medium after 10–14 days of culture (36/26% DC; 38/64% vital DC; 46/51% mature DC were generated from AML/healthy MNC samples). Surface marker profiles (e.g. costimulatory antigen expressing) of DC obtained from AML samples were comparable with that of healthy DC. The leukaemic derivation of AML–DC was demonstrated by the persistence of the clonal cytogenetic aberration in the DC or by coexpression of leukaemic antigens on DC. Autologous T-cell activation of leukaemia-derived DC was demonstrated in cases with AML. Autologous T cells proliferate and upregulate DC-contact-relevant antigens. We demonstrate that the generation of leukaemia-derived DC is feasable in AML under serum-free culture conditions giving rise to DC with comparable characteristics as healthy DC and offering an anti-leukaemia-directed immunotherapeutical vaccination strategy in AML.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Functional dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and can be generated in vitro from healthy as well as from leukaemic cells from AML patients giving rise to APC of leukaemic origin presenting leukaemic antigens. In a comparative methodological analysis of 50 AML samples, we could already show that leukaemia-derived DC can regularly be generated under serum-free culture conditions. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of DC from different mononuclear cell (MNC) fractions from 24 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients under those different serum-free culture conditions, determine the optimal culture conditions and compare the results with that from 23 healthy donors. In parallel cultures, we compared DC harvests after 7- or 14-day culture, with total or adherent MNC or T-cell-depleted MNC or PB or BM–MNC, thawn or fresh MNC, in Xvivo or CellGro serum-free media, ±10% autologous plasma or ±FL. In detail, we could show that MDS–DC harvests compared to healthy DC were higher after 10- to 14-day culture; total or adherent PB or BM–MNC fractions yield comparable DC counts; however, from MACS-depleted MNC fractions or thawn MNC lower DC counts can be generated. Whereas the addition of FL increases the DC harvest, the addition of autologous plasma in many cases has inhibitory influence on DC maturation, CellGro and Xvivo media yield comparable DC counts. Optimal harvest of vital and mature DC from MDS samples was obtained with a GM-CSF, IL-4, FL and TNF-α containing serum-free Xvivo medium after 10–14 days of culture (18/26% DC; 54/64% vital DC; 59/51% mature DC were generated from MDS/healthy MNC samples). Surface marker profiles (e.g. costimulatory antigen expression) of DC obtained from MDS samples were comparable with that of healthy DC. The leukaemic derivation of MDS–DC was demonstrated by the persistence of the clonal cytogenetic aberration in the DC or by coexpression of leukaemic antigens on DC. Autologous T-cell activation of leukaemia-derived DC was demonstrated in cases with MDS. Autologous T cells proliferate and upregulate DC-contact-relevant antigens. We are the first who demonstrate that the generation of leukaemia-derived DC is feasible not only in AML but also in MDS under serum-free culture conditions giving rise to DC with comparable characteristics as healthy DC and offering an antileukaemia-directed immunotherapeutical vaccination strategy in AML and MDS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aims : To analyse 90 vulvar and 72 penile cases of lichen sclerosus (LS) on haematoxylin and eosin sections for vascular changes and the vascular infiltrates immunohistochemically with antibodies to T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells. LS is a skin disease of presumed autoimmune origin. Autoimmune diseases are mediated by lymphocytes which occasionally produce a lymphocytic vasculitis.Methods and results : Three types of lymphocytic infiltrates were identified: (i) perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates without damage to vessel walls; (ii) lymphocytic vasculitis in three forms: (a) concentric lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with lamination of the adventitia by basement membrane material which was typical for penile LS; (b) lymphocytic vasculitis with dense perivascular lymphocytic cuffing with occasional fibrin deposition in vessel walls and subendothelial lymphocyte infiltration, quite common in vulvar LS; and (c) intramural lymphocytic infiltrates in large muscular vessels; (iii) leukocytoclastic vasculitis in LS was exceptionally rare. In lymphocytic vasculitis, CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells were the principal infiltrating cells.Conclusions : Dendritic cells capture (foreign) antigens after entry into the affected tissues and initiate immune responses acting as a matrix on which antigen-specific T and B cells interact. The described vascular features are indicative of antigen-mediated vasculitic changes in LS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aims:  To report five malignant trichogenic tumours arising in longstanding, previously benign adnexal neoplasms through malignant transformation. Malignant trichogenic adnexal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms.Methods and results:  The patients were between 55 years and 79 years of age. Three of the tumours were located on the arms, two on the face. Three of our patients had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, one patient had a history of colonic adenocarcinoma. The duration of the tumour nodules was reported as between 20 and 40 years before sudden changes occurred. These changes included rapid growth, pain, itching, ulceration and bleeding. Histologically, all tumours were well circumscribed and encapsulated. There was a residual benign tumour component and morphological signs such as bone formation, dystrophic calcification and sclerosis suggesting long duration of the lesions. All patients except for one, who refused further clinical investigation due to her advanced age of 79 years, had an underlying systemic malignancy.Conclusions:  The growth stimulus in these benign adnexal neoplasms resulting in malignant transformation may be attributed to the acquisition of additional genetic events or to immunosuppression due to an underlying neoplastic disease. Therefore, patients with systemic diseases or malignancy should be carefully examined and followed for sudden changes in pre-existing benign cutaneous tumours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Osteoporosis — Heart transplantation — Calcitriol — Calcitonin — Pamidronate.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. Bone loss and osteoporotic fractures are common in cardiac transplant recipients. To compare two prophylactic medical regimens after heart transplantation, 26 consecutive heart transplant recipients were randomized to receive either continuous oral calcitriol (0.5 μg/day) combined with nasal salmon calcitonin (200 U/day) for the first 3 months (group A) or intermittent intravenous pamidronate (0.5 mg/kg body weight) every third month (group B). Bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indices of bone turnover were measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after transplantation. The mean pretransplant BMD, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was significantly lower in the patients compared with age-matched healthy controls. During the first year of treatment, rates of bone loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were slightly but significantly slower in the patients treated with pamidronate, but there was no longer a significant difference between the two groups after 18 months of heart transplantation. Irrespective of the mode of osteoporosis prevention, osteocalcin levels increased whereas urinary deoxypyridinoline decreased after transplantation, and significant bone loss was observed in both treatment groups. We found no relationship between initial BMD, markers of bone turnover, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, or cyclosporine levels and the rate of bone loss after cardiac transplantation. In summary, we found that the rapid and severe bone loss following heart transplantation could be attenuated by two preventive measures, pamidronate or calcitriol with calcitonin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom ; Herzchirurgie ; Operationsrisiko ; Anästhesierisiko ; Key words Sleep apnoea syndrome ; cardiac surgery ; anesthetic risk ; operative risk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The operative and anesthetic risk of patients suffering from sleep apnoea syndrome is generally considered to be elevated because of frequent concomitant disease such as obesity and hypertension and side effects of sedative, anesthetic and analgesic agents. Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation leads to lung edema and may therefore aggravate complications of the respiratory tract. We performed this study to verify, if the operative and anesthetic risk of patients, suffering from sleep apnoea syndrome and undergoing cardiac surgery, is really elevated.    Between September 1994 and December 1996 ten male patients suffering from sleep apnoea syndrome underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation. Preoperatively we analyzed symptomatology, predisposing factors, concomitant diseases and medication. Perioperatively we were interested in respiratory and hemodynamic function, anesthetic management and complications beside the common operative parameters.    All patients were obese and four patients were treated medically for hypertension. The anesthetic management was the same as used in other routine cardiac patients. Neither induction of anesthesia nor weaning from the respirator led to respiratory complications. Postoperatively we had to implant an intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in two patients because of left ventricular dysfunction in order to stabilize hemodynamics. We removed it in both patients without complications on the second postoperative day after catecholamine therapy had been stopped.    Patients suffering from sleep apnoea syndrome are not at increased risk for respiratory and hemodynamic complications when undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Das Operations- und Anästhesierisiko von Patienten mit einem Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom wird aufgrund der häufigen Begleiterkrankungen (z.B. Adipositas, arterielle Hypertonie) und den Nebenwirkungen der Sedativa, Anästhetika und Analgetika allgemein als erhöht beurteilt. Bei kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen mit Hilfe der extrakorporalen Zirkulation können respiratorische Komplikationen durch Flüssigkeitseinlagerung in die Lunge aggraviert werden. Wir führten diese Studie durch, um zu untersuchen, ob das Operations- und Anästhesierisiko bei Patienten mit Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom, bei denen herzchirurgische Eingriffe mit Hilfe der extrakorporalen Zirkulation erforderlich sind, tatsächlich erhöht ist.    Im Zeitraum vom 1.9.94 bis 31.12.96 wurde bei 10 männlichen Patienten mit einem Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom eine aortokoronare Bypass-Operation durchgeführt. Präoperativ wurden die klinische Symptomatik der Patienten, prädisponierende Faktoren, Begleiterkrankungen und Medikation untersucht. Perioperativ interessierten wir uns neben den üblichen operativen Daten besonders für das Anästhesiemanagement, die respiratorischen und hämodynamischen Parameter sowie die Komplikationen.     Alle Patienten waren adipös, bei vier Patienten bestand eine medikamentös behandlungsbedürftige Hypertonie. Das Anästhesiemanagement unterschied sich nicht von dem, das üblicherweise bei Patienten mit herzchirurgischen Eingriffen in unserem Hause angewandt wird. Sowohl während der Narkoseeinleitung als auch während der Entwöhnung vom Respirator und während des weiteren postoperativen Verlaufs traten keine respiratorischen Komplikationen auf. Bei zwei Patienten war die Implantation einer intraaortalen Ballon-Pumpe aufgrund einer postoperativen linksventrikulären Dysfunktion zur hämodynamischen Stabilisierung erforderlich. Bei beiden Patienten konnte diese am zweiten postoperativen Tag nach Beendigung der Katecholamintherapie komplikationslos wieder entfernt werden.    Herzchirurgische Eingriffe unter Zuhilfenahme der extrakorporalen Zirkulation können bei Patienten mit Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom ohne erhöhtes Risiko an respiratorischen und hämodynamischen Komplikationen durchgeführt werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acute myelofibrosis ; Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia ; Scintigraphy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Interferon gamma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Acute myelofibrosis is a rare, malignant hematological disorder of unknown etiology with an inevitably fatal outcome. Here we present the study of a 63-year-old Caucasian man with acute onset of pancytopenia. Repeated bone marrow biopsies showed dense fibrosis and hypoplastic hematopoiesis raising various differential diagnoses of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Bone marrow scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed areas suggesting neoplastic infiltration, mainly in both femurs and tibias. Histological examination of a surgical biopsy of the left tibia revealed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. As the patient refused polychemotherapy, therapy with interferon gamma was initiated but discontinued prematurely because of intolerable side effects. The presented case therefore suggests that the combination of bone marrow scintigraphy and MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients presenting with myelofibrosis of unknown origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords BEAM ; Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ; Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Due to their homing properties, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type remain localized for long periods of time, and therefore have an excellent prognosis. However, if generalization and/or transformation into a diffuse large-cell lymphoma occurs, the prognosis deteriorates and no established treatment concepts are yet available. We report about a 57-year-old female patient with relapsed transformed stage-IV extranodal MZBL of MALT type of the entire gastrointestinal tract who was successfully treated using salvage chemotherapy followed by BEAM conditioning [BCNU 1,3-bis-2-(chloroethyl-1-nitrosourea), etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, and melphalan] and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. Follow-up revealed a sustained complete remission for 22 months.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 1213-1217 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The equivolumetric ZrO2-Al2O3 ceramic composite shows very good mechanical properties due to its interpenetrating microstructure; unfortunately it is very difficult to achieve a well dispersed aggregates’ free mixture. In this paper ultrasonication was used as a dispersion and mixing aid for aqueous suspension of ZrO2-Al2O3 powders. The suspensions were stabilised using either an electrostatic or an electrosteric mechanism. The influence of ultrasonication time as well as solid contents in the suspensions were investigated via rheological measurements. The goal was to optimise the process in order to obtain a well dispersed system without aggregates. The results indicate that there is, for every system, a threshold time over which aggregates start to reappear.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Pertrochantäre Fraktur ; Dynamische Hüftschraube ; Instabile Frakturen ; Komplikationen ; Keywords Trochanteric fracture ; Dynamic hip screw (DHS) ; Instable fractures ; Complications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract The aim of all surgical procedures in the treatment of trochanteric fractures in elderly and even geriatric patients is achievement of initial stability. We examined in a clinical trial whether primary stability was achieved in all types of trochanteric fractures following osteosynthesis with the Dynamic Hip Scres (DHS). From 1994 to 1996, 122 patients with trochanteric fractures had osteosynthesis by dynamic hip screw. Patient records were evaluated and all data got registered with a standardized protocoll; clinical and radiological outcome was analysed after an average period of 1,9 years after injury according to the Traumatic Hip Rating Score. 22% of all patients died meantimes, 51,6% of the remaining 95 patients could get examined. The average age was 75,5 years, the patient population showed an increased preoperative morbidity (2,5 points) according to ASA-Score. 81% showed progressive osteoporosis. According to the AO-classification 47% stable fractures (type A-1) and 53% instable trochanteric fractures (type A-2 and A-3) occured. Surgery lasted 77 minutes average in osteosynthesis of stable fractures. The duration of 108 minutes in instable fractures was significantly higher, as well as the blood loss was 43% increased in these complex fractures. Complications closely associated to the osteosynthesis appeared only in instable fractures (7%). Also common complications (24,6%) predominated with 15,6% in tpy A-2 and A-3 fractures versus 9% in type A-1 fractures; mortality was also different with 5,7% versus 1,6%. Assesment of the functional outcome according to THRS showed a significant deterioration of 20 points in 71% of all patients compared with the preoperative score. The results show that dynamic hip screw osteosynthesis in instable trochanteric fractures is associated to a higher incidence of complications. While the dynamic hip screw still represents the standard implant in stable fractures of the trochanteric regio, beeing aware of improved intramedullary implants regarding biomechanical features and surgical technique, the results justify to critical consider the use of DHS for osteosynthesis in instable fractures of the trochanteric region.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Bei der operativen Versorgung petrochantärer Femurfrakturen im geriatrischen Krankengut stellt eine sofort übungs- und belastungsstabile Osteosynthese das Therapieziel dar. In einer klinischen Studie wurde vergleichend untersucht, ob dieses Ziel mit der DHS (dynamische Hüftschraube) bei allen pertrochantären Frakturtypen erreicht werden kann. Von 1994–1996 wurden 122 pertrochantäre Frakturen mit der DHS behandelt. Neben der Auswertung durch standardisierte Datenerhebungsprotokolle wurden die Patienten durchschnittlich 1,9 Jahre nach Trauma radiologisch und klinisch nach dem “Traumatic hip rating score” nachuntersucht; 22% waren verstorben, von den verbliebenen 95 Patienten konnten 51,6% nachkontrolliert werden. Bei einem Altersdurchschnitt von 75,5 Jahren lag mit dem ASA-Score von durchschnittlich 2,5 Punkten eine hohe präoperative Morbidität vor; 81% der Fälle wiesen eine fortgeschrittene Osteoporose auf. Nach der AO-Klassifikation handelte es sich um 47% stabile (Typ A1) und 53% instabile (Typ A2 und A3) Frakturen. Die mittlere Operationszeit war bei den instabilen im Vergleich zu den stabilen pertrochantären Frakturen mit 108 gegenüber 77 min signifikant höher, der Blutverlust um 43% größer. Direkt mit der Osteosynthese assoziierte Komplikationen betrafen ausschließlich instabile Frakturen (7%). Allgemeine Komplikationen (24,6%) überwogen ebenfalls mit 15,6% in der Gruppe der Typ A2 und A3 gegenüber der Typ-A1-Frakturen, was sich auch in einer entsprechend höheren Klinikletalität mit 5,7% gegenüber 1,6% ausdrückt. Bei der Bewertung des funktionellen Nachuntersuchungsergebnisses mit dem THRS wiesen 71% der Patienten im Vergleich zum präoperativen Ausgangswert eine deutliche Verschlechterung um durchschnittlich 20 Punkte auf. Die Osteosynthese instabiler pertrochantärer Femurfrakturen durch die DHS ist mit einer höheren Komplikationsrate belastet. Während die DHS für die stabilen Frakturen das Standardverfahren darstellt muss die Osteosynthese instabiler Frakturen vor dem Hintergrund neuerer, operationstechnisch und biomechanisch verbesserter intramedullärer Implantate kritisch betrachtet werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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