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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics of the α-helical epitope of a novel synthetic lipopeptide foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 499-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) peptide vaccine consisting of a synthetic B-cell and macrophage activator covalently linked to an amphiphilic α-helical T-cell epitope was developed. The low molecular weight vaccine of 3400 daltons is composed of virus VP1 antigenic determinant and the immunologically active lipotripeptide tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteinyl-seryl-serine (P3CSS) as built-in adjuvant. The vaccine, tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteinyl-seryl-seryl-FMDV-VP1 (VP1 = serotype O1K 135-154) induces protection against homologous challenge and serotype-specific virus neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs after single administration without further adjuvants or carriers. A P3CSS conjugate with the FMDV-VP1 segment 135-154 of strain O Wuppertal produced only poor cross-protection against challenge with O1K virus.The antigenic determinant VP1(135-154) is an amphiphilic α-helix, as shown by CD. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) carried out using the highly homologous α-helical alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) segment H3 as starting conformation for VP1(138-149) suggest that the FMDV segment 138-149 may adopt α-helical conformation during binding to its T-cell receptor, and that the development of the system during MDS may be considered as the dissociation step of the complex.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360280144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein ungewöhnliches Paar Bis(phosphido)-verbrückter Dieisencarbonylkomplexe: [Fe2(CO)n{μ-P(tBu)2}(μ-PCy2)] (n = 5 und 6) (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1379-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(phosphido)-bridged diiron hexa(penta)carbonyl complexes, molecular structures ; Steric strain ; Iron-iron double bond ; Calculations, EHT ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An Unusual Pair of Bis(phosphido)-Bridged Diiron Carbonyl Complexes: [Fe2(CO)n{μ-P(tBu)2}(μ-PCy2)] (n = 5 and 6)Treatment of Na[Fe2(CO)6(μ-CO){μ-P(tBu)2}] with Cy2PCl gives [Fe2(CO)6{μ-P(tBu)2}(μ-PCy2)] (1) which loses CO on heating in toluene to afford [Fe2(CO)5{μ-P(tBu)2}(μ-PCy2)] (2). Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray analyses. The central Fe2P2 unit in 1 is exactly planar whereas in 2 it is somewhat folded.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19921250612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wilhelm Ostwald - Von der Reversibilität zur Irreversibilität (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 26 (1992), S. 304-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alle Ausgleiche „brauchen Zeit, und alle verlaufen um so langsamer, je weiter der Ausgleich bereits fortgeschritten ist. Hierdurch kommt es, daß die Welt mit Gebilden erfüllt ist, die vom Standpunkt der Gleichgewichtslehre sozusagen keine Existenzberechtigung haben, und daher ihre Existenz nur auf Zeit geniessen“.…„Wir werden bald sehen, daß die stationären Erscheinungen in bestimmtem Sinne die Formen des Lebens sind, und daß alle Organismen sich als Gebilde auffassen lassen, deren verhältnismässige Beständigkeit auf der Ausbildung stationärer, durch Selbstregulierung entstehender Zustände beruht“.Diese Zitate entstammen keinem modernen Lehrbuch der Thermodynamik irreversibler Prozesse und der Selbstorganisation, sondern sie sind 90 Jahre alt und wurden von Wilhelm Ostwald in seinen „Vorlesungen über Naturphilosophie“ formuliert. Die auffallend große zeitliche Lücke zwischen den Ideen und Ansätzen Wilhelm Ostwalds und den heute anerkannten Paradigmen mag an Ostwalds Emeritierung und dem Ausbruch des ersten Weltkrieges gelegen haben, aber auch an innerwissenschaftlichen Gründen, wie etwa dem Mangel an mathematischen Methoden zur Beschreibung komplexer und nichtlinearer Systeme, die erst Jahrzehnte nach der Jahrhundertwende entwickelt wurden. Sich mit Ostwalds Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet zu beschäftigen, ist heute sicher nicht allein von historischem Interesse, sondern vermag darüber hinaus Denkanstöße zu geben und das Verständnis aktueller Fragen für die dort Tätigen zu vertiefen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19920260609
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filament formation and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis in adsorbed cell bioreactors (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 626-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zymomonas mobilis immobilized on microporous ion exchange resins has previously been shown to allow the attainment of high ethanol productivities in packed-bed bioreactors. The formation of bacterial filaments after several days of continuous operation, however, had resulted in excessive pressure increases across the reactor bed. The present work examines techniques for controlling filament formation by Z. mobilis in two reactor sizes (161 mL and 7.85 L) and a feed glucose concentration of 100 g/L. By controlling the fermentation temperature at 20-25°C it has been possible to eliminate filament formation by Z. mobilis and to operate the larger bioreactor for 232 h with an ethanol productivity of 50 g/L h (based on total reactor volume). The rate of ethanol production has been shown to be very sensitive to temperature in the range 20-30°C, and it is likely that slightly higher temperatures than those used in this study will improve ethanol productivity while still permitting long-term operation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270512
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    K-Opioid activity of the four stereoisomers of the peripherally selective κ-agonists, EMD 60 400 and emd 61 753This paper is dedicated to Prof. H.J. Langmann on the occasion of his 70th birthday. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 6 (1994), S. 685-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chromatographic resolution of stereoisomers ; molecular modelling ; conformation ; κ-opiate receptor ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The four stereoisomers of the two peripherally selective κ-opioid agonists EMD 60 400 and EMD 61 753 were synthesized, tested for stereoisomeric purity, and examined for affinity to the κ opioid receptor. The relationships between the configuration of these molecules and their biological activity are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530060814
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des ChemieingenieurwesensVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 27. bis 29. Sept. 1989 in Berlin. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 62 (1990), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Development of chemical engineering - A survey. This article describes the scientific and technological origins of chemical engineering and the concept of chemical technology. The paradigm of unit operations was the result of mass production, continuous and catalytic processes, and knowledge of physical chemistry. The evolution of theory and the institutionalization of chemical engineering are described as constitutive elements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330620305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pervaporation - ein Sonderverfahren in der chemischen Industrie (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 794-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330640941
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation von Uridin- zu Cytidinderivaten durch selektive Aminierung (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 331 (1989), S. 835-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transformation of Uridine Derivatives into Cytidines via Selective AminationThe synthesis of some 5-fluorosubstituted cytidine 2 derivatives via amination of corresponding uridine derivatives 1 is described. 5-Substituted 4-tetrazolo pyrimidinone derivatives 5 are key intermediates in the procedure. The method used is extended to other fluorinated starting materials, e.g. fluorinated uridinedinueleotides 7 or 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorouridine 9. The fluoro containing products are easily available by fluorination with elemental fluorine or hydrogene fluoride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19893310518
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borkomplexe von Malonsäureamiden und Malonsäureamidinen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 370-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Complexes of Malonamides and MalonamidinesN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmalonamide (4) reacts with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in boiling tetrachloroethane or with diethyl ether  -  boron trifluoride at room temperature to form the tetrafluoroborate 6a which was deprotonated with triethylamine to give 4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-2,2-difluoro-3-oxa-1-oxonia-2-borata-4,6-cyclohexadiene (7). With 4 and boron trichloride in CCl4 the neutral complex 9 is obtained, in CH2Cl2 the chelate complex 10. Similar to diethyl ether  -  boron trifluoride (2-aminoethoxy)diphenylborane (12) and triethylborane (15) condense with 4 to yield the salts 13 and 17, respectively, and the neutral complexes 14 and 16, respectively. N,N,N″,N″- Tetramethylmalonamidine (20) reacts with triethylborane (21a), ethoxydiphenylborane (21b) and trimethoxyborane (21c) to give the neutral complexes 22a-c which partly can be protonated with HBF4 to form the salts 23a, b.
    Notes: N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmalonsäurediamid (4) bildet mit Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat in siedendem Tetrachlorethan oder mit Diethylether  -  Bortrifluorid bei Raumtemperatur das Tetrafluoroborat 6a, das sich mit Triethylamin zum 4,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-2,2-difluor-3-oxa-1-oxonia-2-borata-4,6-cyclohexadien (7) deprotonieren läßt. Bortrichlorid liefert mit 4 in CCl4 den Neutralkomplex 9, in CH2Cl2 den Chelatkomplex 10. Ähnlich wie Diethylether  -  Bortrifluorid kondensieren auch (2-Aminoethoxy)diphenylboran (12) und Triethylboran (15) mit 4 zu den Salzen 13 bzw. 17 und zu den Neutralkomplexen 14 bzw. 16. N,N,N″N″-Tetramethylmalonamidin (20) bildet mit Triethylboran (21a), Ethoxydiphenylboran (21b) und Trimethoxyboran (21c) die Neutralkomplexe 22a-c, die sich mit HBF4 teilweise zu den Salzen 23a,b protonieren lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840217
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [TiSCl4]2⊖ und [Ti3O(S2)3Cl6]2⊖, ein mehrkerniger Komplex mit einer für Cluster typischen Struktur (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 100 (1988), S. 277-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19881000214
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