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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity in the mouse adrenal gland (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 203-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was revealed by immunocytochemistry in the mouse adrenal gland at the light and electron microscopic levels. Groups of weakly or faintly GABA immunoreactive chromaffin cells were often seen in the adrenal medulla. By means of immunohistochemistry combined with fluorescent microscopy, these GABA immunoreactive chromaffin cells showed noradrenaline fluorescence. The immunoreaction product was seen mainly in the granular cores of these noradrenaline cells. These results suggest the co-existence of GABA and noradrenaline within the chromaffin granules. Sometimes thick or thin bundles of GABA immunoreactive nerve fibers with or without varicosities were found running through the cortex directly into the medulla. In the medulla, GABA immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers were numerous and were often in close contact with small adrenaline cells and large ganglion cells; a few, however, surrounded clusters of the noradrenaline cells, where membrane specializations were formed. Single GABA immunoreactive nerve fibers, and thin or thick bundles of the immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers ran along the blood vessels in the medulla. The immunoreaction deposits were observed diffusely in the axoplasm and in small agranular vesicles of the GABA immunoreactive nerve fibers. Since no ganglion cells with GABA immunoreactivity were found in the adrenal gland, the GABA immunoreactive nerve fibers are regarded as extrinsic in origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269093
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase immunoreactivities in the rat pancreas (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 101 (1994), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic study was used to demonstrate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) immunoreactivities in the rat pancreas. Small TH immunoreactive cells were found in close contact with large TH immunonegative ganglion cells among the exocrine glands and were occasionally found in some islets. Some of these TH immunoreactive cells were also DBH immunopositive. The immunoreaction product was seen diffusely in the cytoplasm and in the granule cores of TH immunoreactive cells. All intra-pancreatic ganglion cells were immunoreactive for DBH, but not for TH. The TH immunoreactive cells were identified as small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells due to their localization and morphological characteristics and showed no insulin, glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivities. These results indicate that SIF cells may release dopamine or noradrenaline to adequate stimuli while the intra-pancreatic ganglion cells with only DBH may not synthesize catecholamines in a normal biosynthetic pathway. TH immunoreactive nerve bundles without varicosities and fibers with varicosities, associated or unassociated with blood vessels, were found in both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Close apposition of TH immunoreactive nerve fibers to the smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the blood vessels was observed. A close apposition between TH immunoreactive nerve fibers and exocrine acinar cells and islet endocrine cells was sometimes found in the pancreas. The immunoreaction product was seen diffusely in the axoplasm and in the granular vesicles of the immunoreactive nerve fibers. Since no TH immunoreactive ganglion cells were present in the rat pancreas, the present study suggests that noradrenergic nerve fibers in the pancreas may be extrinsic in origin, and may exert an effect on the regulation of blood flow and on the secretory acitivity of the acinar cells, duct cells and endocrine cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268992
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in the small intestinal absorptive cells of postnatal rats (1981)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 71 (1981), S. 501-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity was investigated in ultrathin (0.05 μm) and semithin (0.5 μm) sections of the small intestinal epithelial cells of postnatal rats. Until around the 15th day of neonatal life acid phosphatase activity in the duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells was observed on the microvillous membrane, the membrane of the tubulo-vacuolar system, the lateral cell membrane, the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and the GERL of Novikoff (1963). After about the 15th neonatal day, the tubulo-vacuolar system enzyme disappeared from both cells. Acid phosphatase activity then became localized on the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell membrane, the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, and the GERL, as in adult rats. During the suckling period, acid phosphatase in the ileal cells could be seen on the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell membrane, the Golgi apparatus, the GERL, the membrane of tubulo-vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole. At weaning, however, the tubulovacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole enzyme disappeared, and only the lysosomes and the GERL of these cells showed acid phosphatase activity, as in the adult rat. It was concluded that the acid-phosphatase-containing tubulo-vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole in the epithelial cells of the distal intestine of suckling rats may possess a strong phagolysosomal function as well as having an absorptive capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508376
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The enhancement of catecholamine-induced Cl− current by cyclic GMP revealed using photolabile caged compounds in guinea-pig ventricular cells (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 424 (1993), S. 546-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whole cell currents were recorded in single myocytes dissociated from guinea-pig ventricles, and caged compounds were loaded intracellularly through the patch electrodes. Flash photolysis of caged cyclic GMP (cGMP) increased the amplitudes of both catecholamine-induced Cl− (ICl) and Ca2+ currents (ICa) which were pre-activated by submaximum doses of isoprenaline. Transient activation of ICl by photo-release of cyclic AMP (cAMP) showed a half decay time (t1/2) of 16.7±1.4 sec (mean±S.E.M., n=14). This decay was markedly delayed by inhibiting phosphodiesterases using 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX). The intracellular application of cGMP (10–50μ M)also prolonged the decay of the ICl response to caged cAMP (t1/2=38.0±7.1 sec, n=12). These findings strongly support the hypothesis that cGMP facilitates theβ-adrenergic response of ionic currents through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase in mammalian cardiac myocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374920
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibody against human bone alkaline phosphatase (1991)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 15 (1991), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un anticorps monoclonal qui réagit préférentiellement avec les phosphatases alcalines (PA) de l'os humain a été obtenu en utilisant comme immunogène la PA osseuse d'un ostéosarcome humain. L'anticorps ayant la sélectivité la plus élevée présente une liaison trois fois et demie plus importante avec la PA osseuse qu'avec la PA hépatique. La sélectivité a été confirmée en utilisant des mélanges d'échantillons d'isoenzymes osseux et hépatiques. Sa sélectivité a été également démontrée par des mesures de la PA osseuse dans le sérum de patients présentant des maladies osseuses ou hépatiques. Un tel anticorps sélectif peut mener à obtenir un anticorps monoclonal hautement spécifique vis-à-vis de la PA osseuse, qui pourra être utilisé pour améliorer la sensibilité de l'analyse quantitative de l'isoenzyme.
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody which reacts preferentially with human bone alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been developed using human osteosarcoma bone AP as an immunogen. The antibody with the highest selectivity shows about three- and a-half fold greater binding to bone than to liver AP. The selectivity was confirmed using mixtures of authentic samples of the bone and liver isoenzymes. Its selectivity was also shown by measurements of bone AP in sera from patients with either bone or liver diseases. Such a selective antibody could lead to the development of a monoclonal antibody highly specific for bone AP which can be used for a more sensitive approach for quantitative analysis of the isoenzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210537
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of histology in perthes' disease and idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults (IANF) (1980)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 4 (1980), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Perthes' disease ; Idiopathic avascular necrosis ; Femoral head
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont pratiqué l'étude histologique de 37 têtes fémorales atteintes de nécrose avasculaire idiopathique de l'adulte et de 57 biopsies du noyau de la tête fémorale dans la maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé. Bien que les modifications pathologiques précoces soient semblables dans ces deux maladies, elles divergent aux stades intermédiaire et terminal. Si la cause déterminante de ces maladies reste obscure, les deux sont vraisemblablement produites par des épisodes répétés d'infarcissement de la tête fémorale.
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven femoral heads in idiopathic avascular necrosis of adults and fifty-seven biopsy specimens of the capital nucleus of Perthes' disease were studied histologically. Although the early pathological changes in these two diseases are very similar, in the intermediate and late (advanced) stages they gradually take differing courses. Although the initiating causes in both diseases are still obscure both are probably produced by repeated episodes of infarction of the femoral head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266602
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bethanechol and a G-protein activator, NaF/AlCl3, induce secretory response in Paneth cells of mouse intestine (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cells ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Bethanechol ; Fluoride ion ; G-protein ; Mouse (Balb/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paneth cells located at the bottom of intestinal crypts may play a role in controlling the bacterial milieu of the intestine. Using morphometry to clarify the secretory mechanism of the Paneth cells, we studied the ultrastructural changes in mouse Paneth cells produced following intra-arterial perfusion with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing a cholinergic muscarinic secretagogue (bethanechol), a neuroblocking agent (tetrodotoxin), or a G-protein activator (NAF/AlCl3). Bethanechol (2×10-4 mol/l) induced Paneth-cell secretion. Many Paneth cells massively exocytosed their secretory material into the crypt lumen; the enhanced secretion caused degranulation and vacuole formation. However, tetrodotoxin (2×10-6 mol/l) did not prevent the bethanechol-enhanced secretion by the Paneth cells. NaF (1×10-2 mol/l) and AlCl3 (1×10-5 mol/l) induced massive exocytosis of the Paneth cells; the exocytotic figures were similar to those observed in mice stimulated by bethanechol. G-protein activation was followed by a sequence of intracellular events, resulting in exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319611
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbamylcholine on Harderian gland morphology in rats (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 451-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Harderian gland ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Carbamylcholine ; Secretion ; Rat (Slc: SD)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the effect of cholinergic secretagogue on the Harderian gland of rats, several light- and electron-microscopic parameters were morphometrically assessed at different time intervals after carbamylcholine injection. In controls, two types of glandular cells (type A cells having 40–55 large vacuoles per cell profile and type B cells containing 30–38 smaller vacuoles per cell profile) and myoepithelial cells were recognized. At 5 min after injection of carbamylcholine, when rats secreted “bloody tears”, many alveoli showing narrower lumina and exocytotic figures in both types of cells were observed. Some vacuoles, which were covered by thin cytoplasmic sheets, protruded into the alveolar lumina. However, there was no evidence of apocrine or holocrine secretion. At 30 min and 120 min after injection, most of the alveolar lumina were dilated, and a pronounced decrease in the number of vacuoles in the glandular cells was observed. At 300 min after injection, the secretory vacuoles in both cell types reaccumulated. Transitional forms between the two cell types were not observed. The two types of Harderian gland cells can therefore be considered independent populations rather than different secretory stages of the same cell. It appears that the secretory process of the Harderian gland of rat is affected by cholinergic stimulation of the two types of glandular cells and of myoepithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313523
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage nuclear demagnetization refrigerator (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 38 (1980), S. 737-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-stage nuclear demagnetization has been performed using PrCu6 and Cu as coolants. The Cu nuclear stage reached temperatures as low as 10 ΜK with a rate of temperature rise of less than a few ΜK/h. The corresponding conduction electron temperature is estimated to be less than 50 ΜK. A nuclear orientation thermometer of Al 54Mn has been successfully used to measure temperatures down to 10 ΜK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115500
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage nuclear demagnetization refrigerator reaching 27 µK (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 55 (1984), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A two-stage nuclear demagnetization refrigerator with large cooling capacity has been constructed and successfully operated. The first stage consists of 11 moles of the Van Vleck paramagnet PrNi5 in an initial field of 6 T, and the second stage consists effectively of 19 moles of copper in an initial field of 7.6 T. The minimum temperature as measured with pulsed platinum NMR is 27 µK, the lowest ever obtained in a low-field experimental region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00683649
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