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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow cells differentiate into wound myofibroblasts and accelerate the healing of wounds with exposed bones when combined with an occlusive dressing (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The usefulness of bone marrow cells in accelerating wound healing has not been evaluated despite increasing evidence that bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells that have multipotentiality to differentiate into various types of cells after they enter the microenvironment of a specific tissue (niche).Objectives  To determine the effects of bone marrow cells and occlusive dressings in promoting wound healing in rats.Methods  We investigated by grafting, biopsy and immunohistochemistry whether various types of cells derived from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats would differentiate into wound component cells when administered topically on the wounds of rats. We also investigated whether topical application of bone marrow cells with an occlusive dressing would accelerate the healing of wounds with exposed bones, as measured by planimetry.Results  GFP-labelled bone marrow cells contained multipotent stem cells that sufficiently differentiated into wound myofibroblasts presenting with α-smooth muscle actin in granulation tissue. Other types of cells, including myocytes, adipocytes, peripheral blood cells from buffy coat and dermal fibroblasts, did not express myofibroblast characteristics morphologically or immunohistochemically. Application of bone marrow cells and an occlusive dressing accelerated the repair of wounds with exposed bones, compared with an occlusive dressing only or with the topical administration of bone marrow cells plus a semidry to dry dressing.Conclusions  Our study indicates that bone marrow cells accelerate the healing of wounds at least in part through their differentiation into wound myofibroblasts. Thus, treatment of wounds with bone marrow cells and a supportive occlusive dressing is effective in promoting the formation of healthy granulation tissue and also for the preparation of an ideal wound bed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06402.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Historical Factors and Recent Developments in Wastewater Treatment Management in Japan (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Japan has experienced serious water pollution problems, such as Minamata Disease (mercury poisoning) in the 1960s. Since then, comprehensive countermeasures have been implemented including establishment of a legislative framework and environmental water quality (EWQ) standards, enforcement of EWQ standards on dischargers, encouragement in the development of sewerage systems, research and technology development, and wastewater reclamation and reuse. This paper reviews the recent developments in wastewater management in this social context in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00664.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of the auditory evoked N1m decrement on the bandwidth of preceding notch-filtered noise (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The auditory evoked response is known to be changed by a preceding sound. In this study we investigated by means of magnetoencephalography how a preceding notch-filtered noise (NFN) with different bandwidths influences the human auditory evoked response elicited by the following test stimulus. We prepared white noise (WN) and four NFNs which were derived from WN by suppressing frequency regions around 1 kHz with 1/8-, 1/4-, 1/2- and 1-octave bandwidths. Stimulation for 3 s with this set of noises resulted in differences in responsiveness to a 1-kHz test tone presented 500 ms after the offset of the noises. The N1m response to the 1-kHz test tone stimulus was at a minimum when the preceding NFN had 1/4-octave stop-band frequencies as compared with 1/8-, 1/2- and 1-octave NFN and WN. This N1m decrement is explained by the imbalanced neural activities caused by habituation and lateral inhibition in the auditory system. The results contribute to understanding of the inhibitory system in the human auditory cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04022.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of amputation caused by rheumatic diseases following a novel therapy of exposing bone marrow, occlusive dressing and subsequent epidermal grafting (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Wounds with exposed bones caused by rheumatic diseases commonly result in amputation despite progress in our understanding of wound-healing mechanisms.Objectives  To determine whether an experimental therapy of bone marrow exposure, an occlusive dressing and subsequent grafting of epidermal sheets accelerates healing and reduces the need for amputation in patients with rheumatic diseases.Methods  Fifteen patients, including those with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis, who had wounds with exposed bones were treated either with the standard procedure, consisting of local wound care, debridement with a scalpel, bed rest and parenteral antibiotics (n = 8), or with a newly developed experimental procedure (n = 7). In that new procedure, the affected bone was initially exposed by debridement with a scalpel, followed by partial excision with a bone scraper until bleeding was observed from the exposed bone. The lesions were immediately covered with an occlusive dressing, and were eventually treated with epidermal grafts obtained from suction blisters.Results  A comparison with standard therapy demonstrated that the time needed for wound healing was similar, but that the newly developed combination therapy reduced the risk of amputation (P = 0·020). No skin ulcers or erosions were observed for at least 1 year in five of seven patients (72%) due to the adoption of stable palmoplantar-type characteristics in grafts derived from the trunk epidermis.Conclusions  Our study indicates that exposure of bone marrow cells plus an occlusive dressing accelerates the healing of skin ulcers at least partly through the preparation of a healthy well-granulated wound bed and that subsequent epidermal grafting achieves site-specific differentiation through epithelial–mesenchymal interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06401.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of genetic alterations in renal cell carcinoma using the polymerase chain reaction (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumour suppressor genes ; ras oncogene Renal cell carcinoma ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Very frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p has been found in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present study, we examined LOH at the retinoblastoma (RB), mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor genes loci, and mutations of the H-, K-, and N-ras oncogenes. We performed these studies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses. LOH was detected in 2 of 11 (18.2%), and 2 of 14 (14.3%) informative cases at the MCC and APC loci, respectively, and in none of 15 informative cases at the RB locus in 25 RCCs. LOH at the MCC was accompanied by LOH at the APC locus in two RCCs. No mutation was detected in H-, K-, and N-ras genes in 39 RCCs. Thus, alterations of the known tumour suppressor genes and the ras oncogenes were infrequent events in RCC. The results suggest that the genetic pathway in the genesis of RCC differs considerably from that of other common human carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191428
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid receptorsin the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate hypertension induced by carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: Kynurenate – Excitatory amino acid receptor – Vasopressin – Chemoreceptor – Vasopressin antagonist – Rostral ventrolateral medulla – Carotid body – Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is involved in the mediation of cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM are related to the responses to chemoreceptor stimulation, we microinjected kynurenate, an amino acid antagonist, unilaterally into the RVLM and examined its effects on the pressor response to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The carotid chemoreceptors were stimulated with isotonic solutions of inorganic phosphate solution.   Stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors produced increases in blood pressure. Kynurenate injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the RVLM markedly inhibited the pressor response to chemoreceptor stimulation. In rats with spinal transection, stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors also produced increases in blood pressure. The pressor response in rats with spinal transection was inhibited by intravenous injection of a vasopressin antagonist or by kynurenate injected ipsilaterally into the RVLM. Kynurenate injected into the RVLM inhibited the pressor response to NMDA, AMPA and kainate but not to acetylcholine in intact rats. These findings indicate that excitatory amino acid receptors are involved in mediating the pressor response to carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in the rat RVLM. It appears that the chemoreceptor stimulation produces an increase in vasopressin release and the enhancement of vasopressin release is also mediated by an increase in excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258457
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate hypertension induced by carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Kynurenate ; Excitatory amino acid receptor ; Vasopressin ; Chemoreceptor ; Vasopressin antagonist ; Rostral ventrolateral medulla ; Carotid body ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is involved in the mediation of cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM are related to the responses to chemoreceptor stimulation, we microinjected kynurenate, an amino acid antagonist, unilaterally into the RVLM and examined its effects on the pressor response to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The carotid chemoreceptors were stimulated with isotonic solutions of inorganic phosphate solution. Stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors produced increases in blood pressure. Kynurenate injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the RVLM markedly inhibited the pressor response to chemoreceptor stimulation. In rats with spinal transection, stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors also produced increases in blood pressure. The pressor response in rats with spinal transection was inhibited by intravenous injection of a vasopressin antagonist or by kynurenate injected ipsilaterally into the RVLM. Kynurenate injected into the RVLM inhibited the pressor response to NMDA, AMPA and kainate but not to acetylcholine in intact rats. These findings indicate that excitatory amino acid receptors are involved in mediating the pressor response to carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in the rat RVLM. It appears that the chemoreceptor stimulation produces an increase in vasopressin release and the enhancement of vasopressin release is also mediated by an increase in excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258457
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex by neuropeptide Y, neurotensin and vasopressin microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 342 (1990), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Neurotensin ; Vasopressin ; Angiotensin II ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Nucleus tractus solitarius ; Aortic baroreceptor reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin, arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (ANG II), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been suggested as putative neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) where baro- and chemoreceptor afferents terminate. To investigate modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex by neuropeptides, we microinjected these neuropeptides into the medial area of the rat NTS and examined their effects on the depressor and bradycardic responses to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve which contains mainly baroreceptor afferent fibers in rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. NPY (3 ng) and neurotensin (0.3 ng) injected into the NTS caused a decrease in blood pressure and/or heart rate, and facilitated the depressor and bradycardic responses to aortic nerve stimulation. AVP (3 ng) produced an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, and inhibited the responses to aortic nerve stimulation, whereas d(CH) 5Tyr(Me)AVP (100 ng), a V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist, did not affect the basal cardiovascular parameters and the baroreflex responses. ANG 11(0. 3 and 3 ng) caused a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate whereas at 0.3 ng it did not affect the baroreflex responses. ANP (3 ng) and CGRP (3 ng) did not affect the basal blood pressure and heart rate, and the responses to aortic nerve stimulation. These findings indicate that NPY, neurotensin and AVP microinjected into the rats NTS can modify the aortic baroreceptor reflex. Some of these neuropeptides may play a role in modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex within the NTS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166962
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsilateral but not contralateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibits aortic baroreceptor reflex in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aortic baroreceptor reflex ; Excitatory amino acid receptors ; Caudal ventrolateral medulla ; Kynurenate ; Muscimol ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contains vasodepressor neurons which, when activated, decrease vasomotor tone. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid receptors in the CVLM of the rat are involved in mediation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex, we microinjected amino acid antagonists unilaterally into the CVLM and examined their effects on the depressor response to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve which contains mainly baroreceptor afferent fibers in rats. Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. To block reflex vagal effects, methylatropine (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously. Kynurenate (227 ng), an excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the CVLM markedly inhibited the depressor response to aortic nerve stimulation, while both injections produced a similar small increase in basal blood pressure. Muscimol (1 ng), a GABA receptor agonist, injected ipsilaterally into the CVLM partly inhibited the baroreflex response, while it produced a moderate increase in basal blood pressure. 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) (10 ng), a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and MK-801 (30 ng), a NMDA receptor channel blocker, partly inhibited the baroreflex response. MK-801 (30 ng) injected into the CVLM reduced the depressor response to the NMDA receptor agonist NMDA (0.3 ng) but not to the quisqualate receptor agonist quisqualate (0.1 ng) and the kainate receptor agonist kainate (0.1 ng), while kynurenate (227 ng) inhibited the depressor response to all three excitatory amino acid receptor agonists. These findings provide further evidence for the presence of excitatory amino acid receptors involved in mediating the aortic baroreceptor reflex in the rat CVLM. It appears that neurons other than the vasodepressor neurons in the CVLM, at least in part, play a role in transmitting the aortic baroreceptor reflex. In addition, both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors may be responsible for the mediation of the reflex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180675
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unilateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii produces an inhibiton of baroreflexes in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aortic baroreceptor reflex ; Excitatory amino acid receptor ; Nucleus tractus solitarii ; Kynurenate ; MK-801
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Excitatory amino acid receptors and l-glutamate in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) may be involved in the regulation of baroreceptor reflexes. To evaluate this hypothesis, we microinjected amino acid antagonists unilaterally into the rat NTS, and examined their effects on cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve and on depressor responses to excitatory amino acid agonists microinjected into the NTS. Male Wistar rats were anesthesized with urethane, paralyzed, and artifically ventilated. Kynurenate (227 ng), an excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the NTS, markedly inhibited the depressor response to aortic nerve stimulation. l-Glutamate diethylester (GDEE, 3 μg), another excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally into the NTS, also markedly inhibited both reflex depressor and bradycardic responses. MK-801 (30 ng), an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blocker, slightly inhibited the baroreflex responses, while Joro spider toxin JSTX-3 (17 ng), a glutamate receptor antagonist, did not affect them. Kynurenate (227 ng) and GDEE (3 μg) markedly inhibited the depressor response to the NMDA receptor agonist NMDA (0.3 ng), the quisqualate receptor agonist quisqualate (0.1 ng), the kainate receptor agonist kainate (0.1 ng), and l-glutamate (10 ng), microinjected into the NTS, while MK-801 (30 ng) reduced only the depressor response to NMDA (0.3 ng), and JSTX-3 (17 ng) reduced only the depressor response to kainate (0.1 ng). These findings provide evidence for the presence of excitatory amino acid receptors involved in mediating the aortic baroreceptor reflex in the rat NTS. In addition, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that l-glutamate or a related excitatory amino acid may be the neurotransmitter of baroreceptor information in the NTS. It appears that both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the rat NTS are responsible for the mediation of baroreflexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251133
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