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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 148 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Several studies have demonstrated that mucosal administration of soluble antigens can prevent the onset or reduce the severity of certain autoimmune diseases or allergies. Few studies exist showing the efficacy of mucosal tolerance for therapy of such diseases.Objective The aim of the present study was to modulate an allergic immune response by intranasal antigen administration in an already sensitized organism.Methods A murine model of allergic asthma to birch pollen (BP) and its major allergen Bet v 1 was utilized. Sensitized mice were intranasally treated with recombinant (r)Bet v 1 in different concentrations and at different intervals. On the day the mice were killed, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were taken and immediate type I skin tests were performed. T cell proliferation and cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-5, interferon (IFN)-γ) were measured in spleen and lung cell cultures.Results Mucosal treatment with rBet v 1 (3 × 50 µg in 4 day intervals) led to a reduction of type I skin reactions, suppressed immunoglobulin (Ig)G1/IgE antibody levels and markedly decreased IL-5 and IFN-γ production in vitro in spleen and lung cell cultures. Moreover, lung inflammation (i.e. eosinophilia and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids) was significantly suppressed by the treatment.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that intranasal treatment with rBet v 1 reduced systemic allergic immune responses as well as airway inflammation in BP-sensitized mice. We therefore suggest that mucosal tolerance induction with recombinant allergens could be a promising concept for the therapy of allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 693-695 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 163-177 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structural properties of the silicate garnets andradite, Ca3Fe2Si3O12, uvarovite, Ca3Cr2Si3O12, knorringite, Mg3Cr2Si3O12, goldmanite, Ca3V2Si3O12, blythite, Mn^{2+}_3Mn^{3+}_2Si3O12, skiagite, Fe^{2+}_3Fe^{3+}_2Si3O12, calderite, Mn^{2+}_3Fe^{3+}_2Si3O12, and khoharite, Mg3Fe^{3+}_2Si3O12, have been investigated with a quantum-mechanical model as a function of applied pressure. The study has been performed with the density functional theory code CASTEP, which uses pseudopotentials and a plane-wave basis set. All structural parameters have been optimized. The calculated static geometries (cell parameters, internal coordinates of atoms and bond lengths), bulk moduli and their pressure derivatives are in good agreement with the experimental data available. Predictions are made for those cases where no experimental data have been reported. The data clearly indicate that the elastic properties of all silicate garnets are dominated by the compressibility of the dodecahedral site. The compression mechanism is found to be based on a bending of the angle between the centers of the SiO4 tetrahedra and the adjacent octahedra, as in the aluminosilicate garnets. An analysis of the relationship between ionic radii of the cations and the compressibility of silicate garnets is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 242 (1985), S. 329-335 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Inner ear thrombosis ; Iron particles ; Magnetic forces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a method for the photometric assay of the content of carbonyl iron powder in the blood and discuss a process comparing the in vitro effects of bar magnets on flowing carbonyl iron powder suspensions. We have used this method experimentally on laboratory animals and have induced thrombosis of inner ear vessels with magnetic forces following injections of the carbonyl iron powder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 31 (2003), S. 297-303 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 91.60.Gf High-pressure behaviour – 61.50.Ks Crystallographic aspects of phase transformations; pressure effects – 77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides – 62.20.Dc Elasticity, elastic constants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The high-pressure behaviour of PbS was investigated by angular dispersive X-ray powder diffraction up to pressures of 6.8 GPa. Experiments were accompanied by first principles calculations at the density functional theory level. By combining both methods reliable data for the elastic properties of rock-salt type α- and high-pressure β-PbS could be obtained. β-PbS could be determined to crystallise in the CrB-type (B33), with space group Cmcm. The reversible ferro-elastic α/β transition is of first order. It is accompanied by a large volume discontinuity of about 5% and a coexistence region of the two phases. A gliding mechanism of {001} bilayers along one of the cubic 〈110〉 directions governs the phase transition which can be described in terms of group/subgroup relationships via a common subgroup, despite its reconstructive character. The quadrupling of the primitive unit cell indicates a wave vector (0, 0,π/ a ) on the Δ-line of the Brillouin zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 557-564 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Allgemeinanästhesie ; Regionalanästhesie ; Lokalanästhetikum ; Kaiserschnittentbindung ; Fragebogen ; Key words General anaesthesia ; Regional anaesthesia ; Local anaesthesia ; Caesarean section ; Questionnaire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Aim of study: Goal of this survey is to give an overview of anaesthesia for caesarean section in Germany. Method: In 1994 and 1995, we sent a questionnaire to the chief-anaesthetists of all German hospitals with departments of gynaecology/obstetrics to find out the routine anaesthetic procedures for caesarean section. Results: We obtained data from 409 hospitals (response rate 46.4%) with 321,816 births – 50,123 of which were sections (mean caesarean section rate 16.6%). The mean general anaesthesia rate for elective caesarean sections was 66,5%, for non-elective sections 90,8%. The mean epidural anaesthesia rate for caesarean section was 22,6% and the mean spinal anaesthesia rate was 9,8%. For general anaesthesia most hospitals used antacids and/or histamine2-receptor antagonists (64,6% of responding hospitals). Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous barbiturates (82%), succinylcholine for intubation (98,2%) and no opioids before clamping of the cord (94,8%). For regional anaesthesia bupivacaine was the most common local anaesthetic (spinal 84,0%, epidural 96,8%). Opioids were added to local anaesthetics for epidural anaesthesia at 21,4% of the hospitals. Conclusions: General anaesthesia is the commonest practice for caesarean sections at German hospitals. Nowadays regional anaesthesia gains more importance compared to previous German surveys and in agreement with foreign data.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die gängige Methodik der Anästhesie und Analgesie zur Kaiserschnittentbindung an deutschen Krankenhäusern zu erfragen. Methodik: In den Jahren 1994 bis 1995 befragten wir die leitenden Anästhesiologen aller Krankenhäuser Deutschlands mit geburtshilflicher Abteilung zu den in ihrer Klinik üblichen Anästhesieverfahren bei Kaiserschnittentbindungen. Ergebnisse: Wir erhielten Angaben von 409 Krankenhäusern (Rücklaufquote 46,4%) mit insgesamt 321816 Geburten, davon 50123 Sectiones (mittlere Sectiorate 16,6%). Die mittlere Allgemeinanästhesierate bei elektiven Sectiones betrug 66,5%, bei nicht-elektiven Sectiones 90,8%. Die mittlere Epiduralanästhesie (EDA)-Rate zur Sectio caesarea lag bei 22,6%, die mittlere Spinalanästhesie(SpA)-Rate zur Sectio lag bei 9,8%. Zur Allgemeinanästhesie wurde an den meisten Krankenhäusern eine medikamentöse Aspirationsprophylaxe (64,6% der antwortenden Kliniken) durchgeführt. Die Narkoseeinleitung erfolgte mit intravenösen Barbituraten (82%) und Succinylcholin zur Intubation (98,2%) und unter Verzicht auf Opioide vor Abklemmen der Nabelschnur (94,8%). Bei den Regionalanästhesien war Bupivacain das häufigste Lokalanästhetikum (SpA 84,0%, EDA 96,8%). Opioide wurden an 21,4% der Kliniken dem Lokalanästhetikum zur EDA beigemischt. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Allgemeinanästhesie ist das häufigste anästhesiologische Verfahren zur Sectio caesarea an deutschen Krankenhäusern. Regionalanästhesien gewinnen allerdings im Vergleich zu älteren Daten aus Deutschland und in Übereinstimmung mit Erhebungen aus dem Ausland zunehmend an Bedeutung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 7 (1989), S. 412-420 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The shadowgraph method is applied to thermal convection experiments and electro-hydrodynamic convection (EHC) in nematic liquid crystals. In both cases convection leads to a spatially periodic field of the refractive index causing a spatially periodic intensity modulation of parallel light passing the cell. Close to the onset of convection the temperature or director field is given by linear stability analysis. Knowing these functions the determination of their amplitudes becomes possible by means of the shadowgraph method. The method is demostrated using various examples of thermal and EHC convection experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 26 (1999), S. 521-529 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Cordierite ; Order/disorder ; Neutron powder diffraction ; Magnetic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures, lattice dynamics and magnetic properties of synthetic Co-cordierite, Co2Al4Si5O18, and Mn-cordierite, Mn2Al4Si5O18 have been studied by neutron powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and magnetisation measurements. Due to different synthesis conditions, the Co-cordierite used here crystallised in the hexagonal α-cordierite structure with a disordered Si/Al distribution in the framework, while for the Mn-cordierite the orthorhombic β-structure has been determined. The experimentally determined paramagnetic moments, exp (Mn) = 5.47(6) B and exp (Co) = 3.88(4) B , are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for octahedrally coordinated Mn2+ and Co2+, respectively. In both compounds there is no magnetic long-range order down to at least 1.5 K. However, the onset of an anti-ferromagnetic short-range correlation of magnetic moments along [001] has been observed for Mn-cordierite by magnetisation and neutron diffraction measurements. This short-range magnetic correlation becomes evident from diffuse scattering observed at 2 K. The diffuse scattering has been interpreted in terms of a Blech-Averbach function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 16 (1989), S. 668-671 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of pressure on the OH-stretching vibration of zoiste has been studied by single crystal high pressure infrared spectroscopy. A band related to the OH-stretching vibration displayed a linear shift from 3170 cm−1 at 1 bar to 2795 cm−1 at 116 kbar. The half-band width increased linearly with respect to pressure from 60 cm−1 at 1 bar to 500 cm−1 at 116 kbar. The strength of the absorption of this band is strongly frequency dependent. The high-energy shift of a band at around 2200 cm−1 on pressure increase indicates that this band is not due to a second OH-stretching vibration as previously suggested by Langer and Lattard (1980).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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