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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 1379-1381 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a combined micropuncture and morphological study ferritin has been characterized as a suitable tracer substance for electron microscopic analysis of certain transport processes when injected directly into the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. It has been demonstrated that the ferritin molecules are absorbed by means of pinocytosis. Within 2–5 min following intratubular injection they gain access to large apical absorption vacuoles. Cytopempsis as a mode of transtubular transport has not yet been observed. — It could be conformed that the zonula occludens of junctional complexes constitutes a tight barrier for larger molecules, especially for proteins. From the described observations, using the split oil droplet method, the conclusion can be drawn that the proximal tubular epithelium maintained its normal functions even after contact with oil in split oil droplet experiments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegenden Befunde erbringen den Beweis, daß Ferritin als Tracer-Substanz für elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen bestimmter Transportphänomene am Tubulusepithel der Säugerniere geeignet ist. Da jedes einzelne Molekül durch den eisenhaltigen Kern markiert ist, sollte die Möglichkeit bestehen, den Vorgang der Eiweiß-resorption auch in zeitlicher und quantitativer Beziehung besser zu verfolgen. Die Aufnahme des Ferritin in die Tubuluszelle folgt den Gesetzen der Pinocytose und der vorübergehenden vacuolären Speicherung, deren erste Station (subapikale Resorptionsvacuolen) bereits nach 2 min erreicht ist. Für die Existenz eines cytopemptischen Transportes [7] im Tubulusepithel ergibt sich bislang kein Anhalt. Die Zonula occludens des Schlußleistenkomplexes bestätigt sich crneut als impermeable Barriere für höhermolekuläre Stoffe, insbesondere Eiweißkörper. — Die mitgeteilten Beobachtungen sind zugleich ein Beleg für die erhaltene Funktionsfähigkeit des Epithels nach Kontakt mit Ricinusöl im Bereich einer mit der Methode des „gespaltenen Öltropfens“ erzeugten Teststrecke des proximalen Konvolutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 696-708 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In an experimental study the functional and morphological behavior of convoluted kidney tubules under conditions of energy insufficiency was investigated: An isotonic (300 mosm) and buffered (pH 7.4) solution of 1/50 molar potassium cyanide was dripped onto a circumscribed area of the surface of rat kidney in vivo over a period of 20 minutes. Stereomicroscopic, light and electron microscopic observations of the subcapsular convoluted tubules in the cyanide poisened area (in vivo as well as after intravital fixation) led to following results: 1. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules show a significant dilatation (luminal diameter increased about 40% in proximal, about 70% in distal tubules). 2. The occlusion time of the proximal tubule (after clamping the renal artery) was prolonged 12–15 times. 3. The rate of fluid movement along the tubule lumen was greatly reduced (by a factor of approximately 0.3). 4. The marked functional disturbances in the convoluted tubular system are considered to be predominantly a consequence of a tubular reabsorption insufficiency. However, the tubular epithelium shows either no alteration or only distinct structural changes (Figs. 3–5). Hydropic changes of cytoplasmic matrix and mitochondria are not detectable, except in a few single cells, which were found in state of hydropic necrosis (cytolysis) (Fig. 6). It is suggested that the inhibition of cellular oxidative energy metabolism only led to a reduction of the epithelial transport activity. Thus, a diffuse tubule dilatation can be the main pathomorphological substrate of the energy determined tubulopathy. These observations are similar to those in many cases of acute renal failure in humans. 5. “Unselective” back diffusion through necrotic tubular epithelium can be demonstrated morphologically with the aid of intratubular ferritin injection. However, an important role in the pathogenesis of oliguria cannot be ascribed to this tubulo-capillary reflux.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem Modellversuch (unter Mikropunktionsbedingungen präparierte Rattennieren, Auftropfen einer 1/50 m gepufferten, plasmaisotonen Kaliumcyanidlösung auf die Nierenoberfläche in vivo, über 20 min) wird das funktionelle und morphologische Verhalten des Nierentubulus im Konvolutbereich bei energetischer Insuffizienz untersucht: 1. Proximales und distales Konvolut zeigen eine deutliche diffuse Dilatation (Zunahme des Lumendurchmessers proximal um 40%, distal um 70%). 2. Die proximale Kollapszeit (nach Arterienabklemmung) ist auf das 12–15fache verlängert. 3. Die tubuläre Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist in beiden Tubuluskonvoluten stark herabgesetzt. 4. Trotz der ausgeprägten funktionellen Störungen, die mindestens zum überwiegenden Teil aus der tubulären Resorptionsinsuffizienz zu erklären sind, zeigt das intravitalfixierte Tubulusepithel licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch nur sehr diskrete Veränderungen, insbesondere keinen Hydrops des Grund-plasmas und der Mitochondrien, wenn man von seltenen, keineswegs obligaten Einzelzellnekrosen absieht. Es wird angenommen, daß sich das energetisch insuffiziente Tubulusepithel im Zustand der reinen Funktionsdrosselung befindet. Das morphologische Substrat einer energetisch bedingten Tubulopathie kann somit allein in einer diffusen Tubulusdilatation bestehen. Parallelen zum pathomorphologischen Befund beim akuten Nierenversagen des Menschen liegen auf der Hand. 5. Mit Hilfe der intratubulären Ferritin-Injektion wird gezeigt, daß eine „unselektive“ Rückdiffusion durch nekrotische Tubulusepithelien möglich ist. Für die Oligurie-Entstehung kann dem tubulocapillären Reflux jedoch eine wesentliche Bedeutung nicht beigemessen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 1195-1197 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Blutplasma von intravital fixierten Organen der Ratte (Leber, Milz, Niere) und des Menschen (Niere) konnten elektronenmikroskopisch oval geformte Körperchen (Durchmesser ca. 0,4 µm bzw. 0,2 µm) nachgewiesen werden. Wegen der vorwiegend tubulären Binnenstruktur wird für die beschriebenen Gebilde die Bezeichnung „multitubuläre Körperchen“ (mtK) vorgeschlagen. — Die tubulären Strukturen erfahren z.T. eine perlschnurartige bzw. kleinvesiculäre Umwandlung. Außerdem finden sich regelmäßig 1–2 größere Vesikel mit homogenem oder flockigem Inhalt. — Die Hüllmembran kann sich auflösen. — Die mtK finden sich offenbar gehäuft nach Heparinisierung bzw. nach Heparinisierung mit angeschlossenem hämorrhagischem Schock. — Über die Herkunft der mtK ist eine sichere Aussage vorerst nicht möglich. Beziehungen zu sog. endothelspezifischen Organellen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Oval bodies (diameter approx. 0.4 µm and 0.2 µm) were demonstrated in the capillary lumen of rat organs (liver, spleen, kidney) and of human kidney. On account of the predominantly tubular structures the term “multitubular bodies” (mtb) is proposed for these corpuscles. — The internal tubular structures may be transformed into beaded or vesicular structures. One or two larger vesicles containing moderately dense material are also found regularly. The enveloping membrane may dissolve. — In experiments, the mtb occur apparently mere frequently after heparinization or after heparinization with subsequent hemorrhagic shock. — No definite statements about the origin of mtb are possible as yet. The relationship to endothelial-specific organelles is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 835-849 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renal glomerulus ; Filtration apparatus ; Polyanion ; Tracer studies ; Electron microscopy ; Nierenglomerulus ; Filterapparat ; Polyanion ; Traceruntersuchungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Feinstrukturen sowie die biophysikalischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften des glomerulären Filters für die Permeation von Makromolekülen werden dargestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlich lokalisierten Immunkomplexablagerungen bei den verschiedenen Formen der Glomerulonephritis des Menschen orientieren sich Beschreibung und Diskussion an bestimmte Schichten des Filters: 1. endothelial — subendothelial (=porenhaltiges Endothel und lamina rara interna der Basalmembran), 2. membranös (=Lamina densa der Basalmembran) und 3. subepithelial — epithelial (=Lamina rara externa der Basalmembran und Podozyten mit Fußfortsätzen und Schlitzmembranen). Dabei wird hervorgehoben, daß die genannten Schichten Eigenschaften aufweisen, die eine zunehmend feinere Siebung von Makromolekülen aus dem Blut gewährleisten. Auf bekannte feinstrukturelle Besonderheiten des glomerulären Filters aufbauend, haben die experimentellen Untersuchungen der letzten 10 Jahre offenbart, daß ein Netzwerk von insbesondere Typ IV Collagen und die Existenz negativ geladener Heparansulfat-Proteoglykane („glomeruläres Polyanion“) wichtig für eine solche Siebung sind. Die Tatsache, daß die genannten Komponenten innerhalb der einzelnen Schichten in bestimmter Folge zellulär und extrazellulär lokalisiert sind, führt zu einem differenziert siebenden Filterapparat, der die Molekülgröße, die Konfiguration sowie die Ladung der Makromoleküle berücksichtigt. Dadurch wird der Durchtritt der zumeist negativ geladenen Blutproteine, insbesondere der von Albuminen, normalerweise verhindert.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural and the biophysical and biochemical qualities of glomerular permeability to protein molecules are reviewed. With regard to differently located immune deposition in human glomerulonephritis, description and discussion are addressed in a fixed order of layers: 1. endothelial-subendothelial, i.e. the endothelial cells with fenestrae and the lamina rara interna of the basement membrane (bm), 2. membranous, i.e. the lamina densa of the bm, 3. subepithelial-epithelial, i.e. the lamina rara externa of the bm and the podocytes with food processes and slit diaphragms. It is emphasized that the 3 layers act as gradually (coarse to fine) filter barriers. On the basis of well known structural peculiarities, in the last 10 years experimental studies revealed that the meshwork of type IV collagen and the negatively charged heparan sulfate-proteoglycans — “the glomerular polyanion” — are integrated in sieving of protein molecules. These components are differently located in the stratified cellular and extracellular layers of the glomerular filter and their combined action is the basis of a size, charge and configuration dependend filtration of macromolecules. In this way the passage of the mostly negative charge blood proteins, expecially albumin, is prevented under normal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 414 (1987), S. 313-322 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 310 (1984), S. 188-192 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 309 (1984), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 123 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forty patients with relapsing plaque psoriasis involving more than 20% body surface were treated either with cyclosporin A (CyA) plus PUVA or the retinoid etretinate plus PUVA (RePUVA). They initially received either CyA (2 weeks) or etretinate (I week) alone and then PUVA was given concomitantly until complete remission. The patients were monitored over a period of 6 months and any relapse recorded. With each combined treatment regimen, CyA plus PUVA and RePUVA, the patients cleared within comparable periods of time (mean treatment period og 5.3 vs. 4.7 weeks after initiation of therapy and 3.3 vs. 3.7 weeks after initiation of PUVA). However, the cumulative UVA dose required for clearance (110.9 J/cm2 vs. 62.1 J/cm2 (P 〈 0.05)) and the incidence of severe and early relapses were significantly higher in the CyA cohort. Within 6 months severe relapses had occurred in 58% of CyA plus PUVA but only in 15% of RePUVA-treated patients (P 〈 0.001). This suggests that the CyA plus PUVA regimen as performed in this study is less effective than RePUVA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 62 (1983), S. 208-214 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 122 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report three patients with keratitis, ichthyosis and deafness (KID)-syndroine. All had characteristic hyperkeratotic skin lesions and neurosensory hearing defects. Two had ophthal-mologic symptoms. The third patient did not have eye involvement at the age of 3 years, but exhibited the other typical signs of the syndrome. In none of the three cases were any of the patients’relatives affected, and a spontaneous new mutation is the most likely explanation for the occurrence of this rare syndrome. Histopathological and electron microscopic studies revealed orthohyperkeratosis but no other pathology and no abnormal deposits of glycogen were found. Treatment with the aromatic retinoid etretinate proved to be of little value in any of the patients. The necessity for early audiologic and ophthalmologic evaluation and the need for lifelong medical care for patients with KID-syndrome is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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