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  • 1
    Keywords: Manufacturing processes. ; Plasma engineering.
    Pages: xi, 645 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48833-9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 46 (1974), S. 701-706 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3812-3817 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The changes in surface composition of USB15—a boron doped graphite containing 15 wt.% of boron—during bombardment with D ions were determined by in situ Auger electron spectroscopy at temperatures from 300 up to 1000 K. For energies above 100 eV no strong increase of the boron surface concentration could be observed even around 800 K, i.e., at the maximum for chemical erosion of pure graphite. Chemical factor analysis of the carbon Auger peak in this energy-regime results in a much larger carbidic fraction of carbon atoms than suspected from the boron content of 15%. Thus, boron influences much more carbon atoms in their chemical reactivity with deuterium ions than is expected for the stoichiometric B4C precipitates. For ion energies below 100 eV a strong increase of boron surface concentration with decreasing ion energy at room temperature was observed. The chemical erosion of carbon in this energy regime is not suppressed by boron doping and indicates a different, surface related release process of hydrocarbon molecules. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5366-5372 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon deposition and hydrogen codeposition is investigated as a function of ion energy, fluence, and target temperature at normal incidence by bombardment of silicon and pyrolitic graphite substrates with mass selected CH+3 molecules. An amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer (a-C:H) is formed in a thickness range of 40–130 nm at a fluence of 3×1018/cm2. The deposition process, the re-erosion phenomenon, the hydrogen content, and the H/C ratios of the carbon films are studied between 300 and 1000 K in the ion energy range from 150 eV to 3 keV. The experimental results are compared with those of TRIDYN computer simulations and previous experimental results of carbon sputtering by atomic H+ and C+ beams in order to obtain a better understanding of the interaction between hydrocarbon ions and the carbon-based wall materials in fusion devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7695-7702 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of Si, Ti, and Mo atoms with pyrolytic graphite substrates has been studied for evaporated layers of about 100 nm and implanted ions with mean ranges between 2 and 4 nm. In the temperature range from room temperature to 1800 K the thermal diffusion of carbon into the evaporated layers has been studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy while the temperature dependence of the carbide formation has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For all three systems stable carbidic phases are predicted by equilibrium phase diagrams. For Ti the formation of TiC is already observed after room temperature implantation, while for Mo annealing to 1200 K is necessary for Mo2C formation. In the case of Si oxygen contamination due to the air transfer after implantation resulted in a mixed SiOxCy phase which only transformed into a SiC phase at temperatures above 900 K, where the oxygen was released. The temperature range of stability of the carbidic layers was found to be correlated to the melting temperature of the metal–carbide eutectic. Above this temperature the metal atoms rapidly dissolve in the graphite lattice. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 44 (1972), S. 1203-1206 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3314-3320 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The carbidization of thin Ti films on natural diamond has been investigated in the temperature range between room temperature and 700 °C using x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy. It is possible to separate chemical phases in Ti 2p3/2 electron peaks after deconvolution of the spectrometer's broadening function. We employ Bayesian information, using maximum entropy prior information. The apparatus function is derived from measured spectra of the Fermi edge of a silver sample. Data analysis of reconstructed Ti 2p3/2 core level spectra shows that, with increasing temperature, Ti films are transformed from metallic Ti to a mixed phase consisting of metallic Ti and TiC0.56. No carbidic phase is found with a ratio of carbidic C to Ti smaller than 0.56. The metallic layer is fully transformed to TiC0.56 at 430 °C. At higher temperatures, the concentration ratio of carbidic C to Ti depends nearly linearly on temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 8 (1974), S. 319-346 
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 10 (1971), S. 381-385 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 10 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To investigate the pathomechanisms of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LcV) we compared mouse models of LcV with non-vasculitic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Criteria for LcV as met by the immune complex-mediated Arthus reaction (Art-r) were also fulfilled by the localized Shwartzman reaction (Shw-r) and by cutaneous Loxoscelism (Lox) (injection of venom from Loxosceles reclusa containing sphingomyelinase D). After depletion of PMN (by γ-irradiation) vessel damage could not be elicited in these models, distinguishing them from models of direct endothelial insult (necrotizing ICD). Depletion of complement could only delay, but not inhibit the Art-r, and did not change ICD, Lox or the Shw-r. The Shw-r exclusively revealed a sustained local expression of vascular adhesion molecules for 24 h in the preparatory phase (LPS s.c.), not observed in the Art-r, in Lox or ICD. Subsequent challenge with LPS i.p. was associated with upregulation of Mac-1 and ICAM-1 on PMN, but not of VLA-4 or LFA-1 (FACS analysis). Cytokines which were able to replace LPS in priming for LcV in the Shw-r (TNF-α and IL-1β) also induced sustained expression of adhesion molecules, whereas IL-12 and IFN-γ did neither. Neutralizing IL-12 or IFN-γ also inhibited neither LcV nor sustained expression of adhesion molecules, whereas anti-TNF-α inhibited both. Anti-TNF-α had no marked inhibitory effects in the Art-r, in Lox or ICD. Combined (but not separate) neutralization of both E-selectin and VCAM-1 by antibodies suppressed LcV independent from reducing influx of PMN, proving that their sustained expression is decisive for the Shw-r and interferes with normal diapedesis. Since Loxosceles venom is known to dysregulate diapedesis and degranulation of PMN in vitro, since adherent immune complexes activate PMN at the vessel wall, and since adhesion molecules are dysregulated in the Shw-r, we suggest that LcV develops when activation of PMN coincides with vascular alterations which interfere with normal diapedesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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