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  • 2000-2004  (545)
  • 1995-1999  (1,427)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . In vitro excystation of Spironucleus muris cysts, purified by sequential sucrose and Percoll gradients from mouse feces, was studied. Three in vitro excystation procedures, used for Giardia, were assessed to determine the most useful method. Excystation was monitored by light microscopy and subsequently characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Spironucleus muris excysted routinely at a level greater than 90% when induced in Hanks’ balanced salt solution containing sodium bicarbonate at pH 2.0 and transferred to Tyrodes’ salt solution as an excystation medium. Similarly, high rates of excystation were recorded after induction of S. muris cysts in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with sodium bicarbonate and excystation in trypticase-yeast extract-iron medium (TYI medium) or phosphate-buffered saline. A lower rate and percentage of excystation were observed after induction of S. muris cysts in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (pH 2.0) followed by excystation in TYI medium. All excystation methods produced extremely active S. muris trophozoites with normal morphology. Nonexcysting S. muris cysts have a wall composed of an outer fibrous and an inner membranous portion. Following induction, numerous vesicles appeared in the peritrophic space. Excystation began by the cyst wall opening at one pole, and the anterior part of the trophozoite protruding from the cyst wall. The trophozoite emerged progressively from the cyst wall and the empty cyst wall appeared to collapse. Excysted trophozoites exhibited normal morphological features of S. muris trophozoites isolated from the mouse intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) has been suspected of playing an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, and has become a target for the treatment of these diseases. Open-label, placebo controlled studies have shown that engineered CDP571 and chimeric anti-TNF antibody (cA2) provide a significant benefit in Crohn’s disease. Since these antibodies have to be used repeatedly to maintain remission in inflammatory bowel disease, there is a concern that their use may compromise host defence and produce toxic side-effects.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:We evaluated the combined use of mouse specific TNFα mab (25 μg/mouse, Endogen) and pentoxifylline (PF, 100 mg/kg/day, p.o., TNFα release inhibitor) in the DSS (3% dextran sulphate solution) model of mouse colitis. Colitis was induced by the feeding of 3% DSS for three cycles. The study groups were: Group I: single injection of rat anti-mouse IgG, Group II: single injection of TNFα mab, Group III: daily PF for three cycles, Group IV: single injection of TNFα mab + PF for three cycles, Group V: TNFα mab at the beginning of each cycle (three injections) and Group VI: TNFα mab (three injections) + daily PF for three cycles. Daily disease activity (DAI) was measured throughout the study. At the end of each cycle, colon tissue was processed for histology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma TNFα.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Mice treated with a single injection of TNFα alone or TNFα mab + PF showed significantly lower DAI, inflammation scores and ulcer index compared with the IgG treated group. Mice treated with TNFα mab + PF had no ulcers. Multiple injections of TNFα mab or TNFα mab + PF showed greater inhibition in DAI and cytokines in the first two cycles. However, in the third cycle, multiple injections of TNFα mab showed adverse proinflammatory effects.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The simultaneous administration of pentoxifylline and TNFα mab may enhance therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease and reduce the side-effects associated with the repeated use of TNFα mab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: background risk ; stochastic dominance ; coinsurance ; deductibles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The demand for insurance against loss from a particular risky asset is likely to depend on other risks the decision-maker faces. For independently distributed other risks, referred to as background risk, Eeckhoudt and Kimball [1992] determine the effect on insurance demand of introducing background risk. Recently, Eeckhoudt, Gollier, and Schlesinger [1996] determine conditions on preferences such that first- and second-degree stochastic deteriorations in background risk lead to a decrease in the decision-maker's willingness to accept other risks. These results, although formulated in a general decision model, also apply to insurance demand. This article continues analysis of this question by determining the effect on insurance demand of several other general changes in background risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Polyacid-modified resin ; Hybrid composite ; Deciduous molars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this prospective study, conducted in a dental practice was to evaluate the success rate of a hybrid composite material (TPH-Spectrum; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and a polyacid-modified composite resin (Compoglass; Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in Class II restorations in primary molars after 1 year. A total of 190 restorations (96 with TPH-Spectrum and 94 with Compoglass) were inserted in 52 children. TPH-Spectrum was applied using the total etching technique, whereas Compoglass was inserted without acid etching prior to application of the bonding adhesive. The restorations were assessed according to the Ryge criteria, directly after placement and after 1 year. After 12 months, 6.4% of the Compoglass and 3.1% of the TPH-Spectrum restorations were clinically unacceptable and had to be renewed. The fillings with Compoglass revealed a tendency to lower evaluation scores with respect to color matching, cavosurface discoloration, anatomic form, margin integrity and caries assessment than the restorations with TPH-Spectrum. However, these differences were statistically not significant. The results of the present investigation show that, at least for a period of 1 year, both the hybrid composite TPH-Spectrum and the polyacid-modified composite resin Compoglass are suitable materials for restoration of deciduous molars. However, owing to the fewer treatment steps required for application of a polyacid-modified composite resin, this type of material may be more favorable for restoring primary molars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 21.60.Ev Collective models – 21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions – 27.60.+j 90 ≤ A ≤ 149
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: High-spin states in 113-116Cd have been investigated with the fusion-fission reaction 28Si +176Yb at 145 〉 MeV. The experiment has been performed with the Eurogam2 array. New rotational bands based on two quasi-particle states have been observed for even-even cadmium isotopes. A new level scheme based on the 11/2− isomeric state is proposed for 115Cd and the one of 113Cd has been extended to spin (31/2−). The decoupled bands identified in both odd-A nuclei are interpreted as being built upon a low-Ωh11/2 quasi-neutron configuration. Microscopic Hartree-Fock + BCS calculations confirm the prolate deformation in this mass region especially for the odd cadmium isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 282-287 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words:Pex— Age — Mice — X-linked hypophosphatemia —Phex.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Pex is a newly discovered gene (also called Phex) whose mutation is the cause of X-linked hypophosphatemia. Other members of this gene family encode endopeptidases that activate or inactivate endocrine and paracrine factors. Though embryonic bone expresses mRNA for the Pex gene at relatively high levels, we have found Pex expression to be widespread in adult organs and to be poorly expressed in adult bone. This led to the hypothesis that Pex mRNA expression changes with age. To test this, genetically normal mice of the B6C3H hybrid strain were studied at 0 (newborn), 2, 3, 10, and 72 weeks of age. Organs known to express Pex were collected, and RNA was extracted from them. Following reverse transcription, cDNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with primers for Pex and G3PDH, a housekeeping gene. The amplimers were separated by electrophoresis, blotted onto nylon membranes, and hybridized with radioactively labeled internal oligonucleotide probes. The radioactivity was quantified, and the data were analyzed as the Pex/G3PDH ratio. The brain samples had high levels of Pex mRNA expression that rose slightly with age. Calvaria, kidney, and lung samples had the highest Pex mRNA expression at birth. In these organs Pex mRNA expression fell with age to undetectable or barely detectable levels. Thymus, heart, and skeletal muscle samples had low Pex mRNA expression at birth that did not change with age. Some organs showed a decline in G3PDH levels with age, but Pex expression decreased more, leading to a reduced Pex/G3PDH ratio. The widespread expression of mRNA for Pex suggests a role beyond that of phosphate homeostasis. The high level of expression in newborn animals suggests a role in growth and development. This seems to occur in addition to its role for the endocrine regulation of phosphate homeostasis by as yet unknown humoral agents that must occur throughout life. In summary, Pex mRNA expression is high in brain and bone at birth. Expression remains high in brain with age but falls with age in bone, kidney, and lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pseudophakie ; Keratoplastik ; Sekundäre bullöse Keratopathie ; Fuchs-Dystrophie ; Hinterkammerlinse ; Key words Pseudophakic keratoplasty ; Secondary bullous keratopathy ; Fuchs' dystrophy ; Posterior chamber lens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Penetrating keratoplasties in pseudophakia were added to a group with limited prognosis. This was especially valuable, if iris-supported and anterior chamber intraocular lenses were implanted. Since today mainly posterior chamber lenses are implanted, the question of the long-term prognosis in this type of lens is important. Patients and method: From 1985 to 1994, 62 penetrating keratoplasties in pseudophakic eyes with posterior chamber IOL were performed: group I: decompensated Fuchs dystrophy (26 patients), group II: secondary surgery-related bullous keratopathy (36 patients) exclusively. Minimal follow-up was 18 months, mean age was 73.7 years. Results: The mean follow-up period was 32 months. The mean visual acuity on delivery was 0.11. After 6 months it was 0.23, after 1 year 0.3, after 2 years 0.35 and after 3 years 0.41 without significant differences in either group. Two years after transplantation 52.8% gained a visual acuity (VA) of ≥0.3, after 3 years 58.6% of which 41.1% had a VA of ≥0,5. There was a visual improvement in 83.4%; the mean spherical equivalent was –0.29 D. Refractive errors within 2 D of emmetropia were found in 56.7%; 95.1% of the grafts remained clear. Five patients had a reversible graft rejection. Extracorneal factors of impaired vision were observed in 25 patients. Conclusion: Despite a different VA before surgery, the visual outcome in the two groups was identical. Penetrating keratoplasty in Fuchs dystrophy and secondary bullous keratopathy with posterior chamber IOL have a much better long-term prognosis than those with iris-supported and anterior chamber IOL. Postoperative complications and graft rejections are rare.
    Notes: Perforierende Keratoplastiken bei Pseudophakie zählten bisher zur Gruppe mit einer eingeschränkten Prognose. Dies galt insbesondere, wenn iris- und kammerwinkelgestützte Intraokularlinsen implantiert wurden. Es ergibt sich die Frage wie die Langzeitprognose bei der üblichen Hinterkammerlinsenimplantation ist. Patienten und Methode: Im Zeitraum von 1985 – 1994 wurden 62 perforierende Keratoplastiken an pseudophaken Augen mit Hinterkammerlinse durchgeführt wegen: Gruppe I: dekompensierte Fuchs-Dystrophie (26 Patienten), Gruppe II: sekundär operationsbedingte bullöse Keratopathie (36 Patienten). Die Mindestnachbeobachtung betrug 18 Monate. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 73,7 Jahren. Ergebnisse: Bei einer durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtung von 32 Monaten betrug das mittlere Sehvermögen bei der Entlassung 0,11, nach 6 Monaten 0,23, nach 1 Jahr 0,3, nach 2 Jahren 0,35, nach 3 Jahren 0,41 ohne signifikanten Unterschied in beiden Gruppen. Zwei Jahre nach der Transplantation hatten 52,8% der Patienten einen Visus von ≥0,3, nach 3 Jahren waren es 58,6%, davon 41,1% mit einem Visus ≥0,5, das entspricht einer Visusverbesserung bei 83,4%. Das durchschnittliche sphärische Äquivalent betrug –0,29 dpt. 56,7% lagen zwischen + und –2 dpt. 95,1% der Transplantate blieben klar. Bei 5 Patienten kam es zu einer reversiblen Abstoßungsreaktion. Extrakorneale Ursachen einer Visusminderung wurden bei 25 Patienten beobachtet. Schlußfolgerung: Trotz unterschiedlichem Ausgangsvisus waren die postoperativen Ergebnisse in beiden Gruppen gleich. Perforierende Keratoplastiken wegen Fuchs-Dystrophie und sekundär bullöser Keratopathie haben bei HKL eine wesentlich bessere Langzeitprognose als bei iris- und kammerwinkelgestützten IOL. Postoperative Komplikationen und Transplantateintrübungen sind selten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Karst stream, macroinvertebrates, temporary stream, discharge regime, low flow, stream drying.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The special hydrological situation of temporary streams has a great influence on the abiotic processes and other habitat conditions for organisms. To monitor possible impacts of stream drying on the composition of lotic communities, streamflow measurements and collections of the macrozoobenthos were conducted in a temporary and an adjacent upstream permanent section of the karst stream Sauer (East Westphalia, Germany) in 1996. The Sauer has a summer-dry temporary flow regime. The seasonal dry phase can last from spring to early autumn, so the duration of the dry phase varies from one to several months, increasing with distance downstream from the upstream permanent section. The number of invertebrate taxa and individuals decreases with increasing duration of the dry phase. The permanent section is characterized by taxa typical of montane and submontane streams, whereas the fauna of the temporary section is quite different, composed of representatives of various zonal areas. Limnephilid caddisflies are particularly characteristic of this section. Life cycle strategies and specific adaptations with respect to habitat drying are discussed for several species. It can be concluded that the temporary discharge regime of the karst stream Sauer has a clear effect on the invertebrate communities. They mainly consist of species which can be seen as characteristic faunal elements of temporary streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 82 (2000), S. 283-290 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Inner hair cells (IHCs) transform the mechanical movements of the basilar membrane into electrical impulses. The impulse coding of the IHCs is the main information carrier in the auditory process and is the basis for improvements of cochlea implants as well as for low rate, high-quality speech processing and compression. This paper shows how to compute the speech signal from the neural firing based on the analysis of the interspike interval histogram. This new approach solves problems that other standard analysis methods do not solve sufficiently well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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