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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth dynamics of thick sputtered copper coatings under the influence of surface diffusion: A quantitative atomic force microscopy study (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4899-4905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution of surface features during the growth of a coating is of vital importance for the resulting overall film structure and morphology. In the low substrate temperature regime (T/TM〈0.3) the growth front of a single component material roughens due to fluctuations in the incoming particle beam (kinetic roughening) and relaxes via surface diffusion. The continuous deposition process thus leads to the evolution of surface features of large lateral extensions compared to the extension of the film-forming particles. A detailed experimental study of the surface evolution of sputtered copper coatings with thicknesses ranging from 300 to 105 A(ring) for a working gas pressure of 0.4 Pa is presented. The roughening as well as the relaxation of the film growth front is studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The increasing lateral extension of the surface features during growth (coarsening) can well be described by a deterministic continuum model of surface diffusion. The model is capable of predicting the evolution of the surface profile's Fourier transform for increasing deposition times (i.e., increasing film thickness). A retransformation from k space to real space allows for a direct comparison of surface profiles obtained from AFM scans with those resulting from the continuum model and gives good qualitative agreement of the profile shapes. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359778
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUORUM SENSING IN PLANT-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 41 (2003), S. 455-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Quorum sensing (QS) allows bacteria to assess their local population density and/or physical confinement via the secretion and detection of small, diffusible signal molecules. This review describes how phytopathogenic bacteria have incorporated QS mechanisms into complex regulatory cascades that control genes for pathogenicity and colonization of host surfaces. Traits regulated by QS include the production of extracellular polysaccharides, degradative enzymes, antibiotics, siderophores, and pigments, as well as Hrp protein secretion, Ti plasmid transfer, motility, biofilm formation, and epiphytic fitness. Since QS regulatory systems are often required for pathogenesis, interference with QS signaling may offer a means of controlling bacterial diseases of plants. Several bacterial pathogens of plants that have been intensively studied and have revealed information of both fundamental and practical importance are reviewed here: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pantoea stewartii, Erwinia carotovora, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Xanthomonas campestris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095652
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separating the Role of Particles and the Suspending Fluid for the Flow of Soy Milks (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper describes a model and a simple experimental method to determine suspension transport properties, separating the role of particles from the suspending fluid. Shear stresses are described as consisting of 2 components: 1st, a shear stress caused by the flow of the suspending fluid and 2nd, a shear stress caused by direct interaction between suspended particles. We show that the determination of these shear stresses of a complex (food) suspension is largely independent of the definition of its suspending fluid. The rheological behavior of soy milks at low and intermediate moisture contents was studied, and results are compared with those obtained previously. The method evidences that the high viscosity of soy milks is predominantly caused by direct particle interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb12319.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemie polyfunktioneller Moleküle, 126 Mitt. Synthese, Struktur und Tautomerie von 5-Fluor-N(1), N(3)-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-uracil (1997)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 399-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diphenylphosphanyl substituted 5-fluoro-uracils ; X-ray structure determination ; Tautomerism ; NMR ; Vibrational and mass spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary 5-Fluoro-uracil (1) reacts with chloro-diphenylphosphane to 5-fluoro-N(1), N(3)-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)uracil (3) which was characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR, and mass spectra.19F,31P{1H},13C{1H}, and1H NMR spectra indicate that3 rearranges inTHF solution to some extent to the tautomeric 5-fluoro-O(2), O(4)-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)uracil (4). If the solvent contains traces of water, Ph2P(O)-PPh2 (6) and uracil derivatives are formed by hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00810777
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Litholog and structure of the Grenville-aged (≈1.1 Ga) basement of heimefrontfjella (East Antarctica) (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 800-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: East Antarctica ; Greenville ; Pan-African ; Rodinia ; Heimefrontfjella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Heimefrontfjella mountains, Western Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica), are dominantly composed of Grenville-aged (≈ 1.1 Ga) rocks, which were reworked during the Pan -African orogeny at ≈500 Ma. Three discontinuity-bounded Grenville-aged terranes have been recognized namely (from north to south) the Kottas, Sivorg and Vardeklettane terranes. The terranes contain their own characteristic lithological assemblages, although each is made up of an early supracrustal sequence of metavolcanic and/or metasedimentary gneisses, intruded by various (predominantly granitoid) suites. No older basement upon which the protoliths of these older gneisses were deposited has been recognized. In each terrane the older layered gneisses were intruded by various plutonic suites ranging in age from ≈ 1150 to ≈1000 Ma. The Vardeklettane terrane is characterized by abundant charnockites and two-pyroxene granulite facies parageneses in metabasites, whereas the Sivorg and Kottas terranes were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies grade. P-T estimates show that peak metamorphic conditions changed from ≈600°C at 8 kbar in the south, to ≈700 °C at 4 kbar in the northern Sivorg terrane. Regional greenschist retrogression of high-grade assemblages may be of Pan-African age. The Heimefrontfjella terranes were juxtaposed and pervasively deformed during a complex and protracted period of E-W collision orogenesis in a transpressive regime at ≈ 1.1 Ga. This is manifest as early, gently dipping thrust-related shear fabrics (D1), succeeded by the initiation of an important (D2) steep dextral shear zone (Heimefront shear zone, HSZ), during which the early fabrics and structures were steepened and rotated in an anticlockwise sense. The HSZ is a curvilinear structure which changes from a dextral oblique strike-slip lateral ramp in the north to a steep dip-slip frontal ramp in the south, where it forms the boundary between the Sivorg and Vardeklettane terranes. The Pan-African event is manifested as discrete, low- to medium-temperature ductile to brittle shears (D3) and numerous K/Ar cooling ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02440112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kiefergelenkmorphologie und morphometrische Befunde in Abhängigkeit vom Grad der Diskusverlagerung Vergleichende magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchungen (1997)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter MRT ; Kiefergelenk ; Diskusverlagerung ; Morphometrie ; Key words MRI ; Temporomandibular joint ; Anterior disk displacement ; Metric analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in correlation with different degrees of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint, we evaluated 117 joints of 59 symptomatic patients and 31 volunteers. Data analysis included morphologic and morphometric characteristics. Sixteen joints (19 %) were considered normal, 40 demonstrated anterior displacement with reduction (47 %) and 27 anterior displacement without reduction (32 %). In three of the volunteers anterior displacement with reduction was noted. Advancing anterior position of the disk was associated with reduced ability to open the mouth, progressive deformity and shortening of the disk, thinning of the bilaminar zone, regressive and proliferative bony changes of the condyle, reduced translatory movement of the disk and condyle, thinning of joint space, cranial and dorsal displacement of the condyle and flattening of the slope of the tuberculum. In addition to alterations in condylar and disk morphology, MRI can demonstrate various additional measurable changes that correlate well with the degree of anterior disk displacement.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um den Einfluß der Diskusverlagerung im Kiefergelenk auf die Gelenkbinnenstrukturen zu untersuchen, wurden insgesamt 117 Gelenke von 59 symptomatischen Patienten und 31 asymptomatischen Probanden in der MRT untersucht und die Gelenkbinnenstrukturen sowohl morphologisch wie morphometrisch beurteilt. Im Patientengut lag 16mal eine normale Diskusposition (NDP) (19 %), 40mal eine Vorverlagerung mit Reposition (VMR) (47 %) und 27mal eine Vorverlagerung ohne Reposition (VOR) (32 %) vor. Unter den Normalpersonen zeigten 3 eine VMR. Mit zunehmender Diskusvorverlagerung zeigte sich eine kleiner werdende maximale Mundöffnung, ein zunehmend deformierter und verkürzter Diskus, eine Ausdünnung der bilaminären Zone, eine Abnahme des Durchmessers und zunehmende Entrundung des Processus condylaris, eine verminderte translatorische Diskus- und Kondylusbeweglichkeit, eine Verschmälerung der Gelenkspaltweite, eine Verlagerung des Processus condylaris in geschlossener Mundposition nach kranial und dorsal und eine Abflachung des Kondylenbahnwinkels. Neben der Morphologie des Diskus und Kondylus bzw. deren Morphologie lassen sich damit eine ganze Reihe weiterer magnetresonanztomographisch quantifizierbarer Befunde im Rahmen von Verlagerungen des Diskus im Temporomandibulargelenk darstellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050188
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamically consistent coefficient calibration in nonlinear and anisotropic closure models for turbulence (2000)
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 12 (2000), S. 131-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: At this first order level of closure, the scalars, turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, emerge as natural basic variables for the turbulence modeling in contrast to the considerations in Wang [8] and others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001610050132
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Qualität bleibt auf der Strecke (1999)
    Springer
    Der Internist 40 (1999), S. M302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00002678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of ceramic microstructures (1996)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 2 (1996), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  For the production of microstructured ceramic parts, development efforts are necessary in the field of powder synthesis as well as in the area of shaping. Several processes have been developed. Powder synthesis was performed starting from metal organic precursors and using a two stage thermal process. Shaping was performed by sol-gel methods, by pressing of a ceramic slurry or an organic precursor paste as well as by direct electrophoretic deposition of gels in a microstructured form. An overview is given on the methods and the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050029
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slip casting of ceramic microcomponents (1998)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 125-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050113
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