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Notes: The preferred temperature and critical thermal maximum of Australian blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach), and greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata (Leach), were found to differ only slightly; the blacklip abalone exhibited lower temperature tolerance and preference, as expected from its habitat distribution. Preferred temperatures were 16.9 and 18.9°C, and 50% critical thermal maxima were 26.9 and 2 7.5°C for blacklip and greenlip abalone, respectively. The optimum temperatures for growth calculated from each of these indices and averaged were 17.0 and 18.3°C, respectively.

Notes: A rapid and useful method of disease assessment, based on a visual key, was developed for leaf spot of celery, caused by Septoria apiicola. Details were provided by an assessment of percentage infection, number and type of lesions per plant and number of pycnidia per lesion. The lesion response was graded from 0 (resistant with no lesions) to 3 (susceptible with grey lesions, leaf chlorosis and numerous pycnidia). Assessments were performed on leaves attached to the plants as well as on detached leaves incubated in sealed Petri dishes, after inoculation with a standard spore suspension. Tests were carried out on currently popular celery varieties, lines of wild celery, hybrids of celery × wild celery and celery × parsley. Lesion response 0 was found on some lines of wild celery, lovage and parsley; response 1 on lines of wild celery; response 2 on hybrid celery × wild celery and on the commercial celery Giant Red; and response 3 on all of the remaining celery varieties tested (Monarch, Fenlander, Tall Utah and Galaxy). Detached leaves from the individual genotypes showed responses in an order similar to that of the attached leaves but the onset of the response in detached leaves was always more rapid, with fewer lesions and pycnidia. Analysis of leaf chlorophyll content from the different sources was made to establish any relationship between chlorophyll and resistance but none was found.

Notes: Esomeprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor, which has been compared to omeprazole for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis in clinical trials. 〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To compare the effectiveness of esomeprazole with the recommended dose of proton pump inhibitors in the healing of reflux oesophagitis, using omeprazole as a common comparator.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Extraction and re-analysis of data to provide ‘intention-to-treat’ results. Meta-analysis using a Fixed Effects model.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:A meta-analysis of healing rates of esomeprazole 40 mg compared to omeprazole 20 mg gave the following results: at 4 weeks (relative risk 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18) and 8 weeks (RR 1.08; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.10). Other proton pump inhibitors compared to omeprazole 20 mg are as follows: lansoprazole 30 mg at 4 weeks (RR 1.02; 95%CI: 0.97, 1.08) and 8 weeks (RR 1.01; 95%CI: 0.97, 1.06); pantoprazole 40 mg at 4 weeks (RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.91, 1.07) and 8 weeks (RR 0.98; 95%CI: 0.93, 1.04); rabeprazole 20 mg at 4 weeks (RR 1.00; 95%CI: 0.87, 1.14) and 8 weeks (RR 0.98; 95%CI: 0.91, 1.05).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Esomeprazole has demonstrated higher healing rates than omeprazole at 4 and 8 weeks. Other proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole) have not shown higher healing rates when compared with omeprazole.

Notes: Abstract Petrographic and geochemical studies of peridotites from the South Sandwich forearc region provide new evidence for the evolution of the South Sandwich arc–basin system and for the nature of interactions between arc magma and oceanic lithosphere. Peridotites from the inner trench wall in the north-east corner of the forearc vary from clinopyroxene-bearing harzburgites, through samples transitional between harzburgites and dunites or wehrlites, to dunites. The harzburgites are LREE depleted with low incompatible element abundances and have chromites with intermediate Cr# (ca. 0.40). Modelling shows that they represent the residues from 15–20% melting at oxygen fugacities close to the QFM buffer. The dunites have U-shaped REE patterns, low incompatible element abundances and high Cr# (0.66–0.77). Petrography and geochemistry indicate that the latter are the product of intense interaction between peridotite and melt saturated with olivine under conditions of high oxygen fugacity (QFM + 2). The transitional samples are the product of lesser interaction between peridotite and melt saturated with olivine ± clinopyroxene. The data demonstrate that the harzburgites originated as the residue from melting at a ridge (probably the early East Scotia Sea spreading centre), and were subsequently modified to transitional peridotites and dunites by interaction with South Sandwich arc magmas. The second dredge locality, near the South Sandwich Trench–Fracture Zone intersection, yielded rocks ranging from lherzolite to harzburgite that could similarly have resulted from a two-stage melting and enrichment process, but involving a more fertile mantle residue and a reacting melt that is transitional between MORB and island arc tholeiite. The South Sandwich peridotites have a similar petrogenetic history to those from Conical Seamount in the Mariana forearc in the sense that both involved interaction between arc magma and pre-existing mantle lithosphere of different provenance. However, the precise compositions of the magma and mantle components vary from location to location according to the precise tectonic setting and tectonic history. Overall, therefore, data from the South Sandwich and Izu–Bonin–Mariana systems emphasise the potential significance of peridotite geochemistry in unravelling the complex tectonic histories of forearcs past and present.