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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the western Irish Sea gyre influence the distribution of pelagic juvenile fish? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The western Irish Sea is an important spawning and nursery ground for many commercially exploited fish. Spawning begins in the Irish coastal regions in early spring, and moves offshore as the season develops. As a result of the onset of seasonal heating in spring, stratification isolates a dome of cold bottom winter water in the deep (〉100 m) basin of the western Irish Sea. The resultant density fields drive a cyclonic gyre which dominates the circulation of the region during late spring and summer and is characterized by anticlockwise current speeds which exceed 0.2 ms–1, after removal of tides. Surveys of pelagic juvenile (0-group) fish in 1994, 1995 and 1996, showed that they were coincident with the centre of the gyre. Physical data from 1994 and 1995, were used to describe the horizontal and vertical structure of the water column and the associated circulation regime. The behaviour and swimming speeds of pelagic juvenile fish were insufficient to explain their apparent shift in abundance away from the coast to the central western Irish Sea. Drifter and current data suggested that their entrainment into the gyre could provide both the transport and retention mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb06100.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual impairment in childhood: insights from a community-based survey (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Child 29 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background  The concept of visual impairment (VI) in childhood has changed over the last 30 years. There has been a decrease in the number of children with an isolated visual problem and an increase in the numbers with VI and coexisting neurological disability. This study aimed to produce a profile of VI in childhood with a view to informing future services and to raise awareness of the need for comprehensive assessment including developmental remediation and educational advice.Methods  Children with a VI were identified from multiple sources including hospital- and community-based paediatricians and statutory blind registers.Results  Seventy-six children with a VI were identified giving a childhood prevalence of 1.61 per 1000. Thirty-two per cent had a normal pattern of development. Global delays/severe learning difficulty were found in 43%. Only 21% of the children had an isolated VI. Additional medical problems were present in 79% of which cerebral palsy, occurring in 33%, was the most common. Nine per cent of the children were classified as totally blind. Cortical visual impairment was diagnosed in 45%. Twenty-two per cent of the children were registered blind or partially sighted.Conclusions  Most cases of VI in children did not appear on the statutory blind or partially sighted registers, thus these have limited value for service development. The implications for practice highlight the need for early assessment and advice from a co-ordinated team to optimize visual potential in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2003.00369.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical spectroscopy of excitonic states in CuInSe2 (2000)
    Springer
    Semiconductors 34 (2000), S. 534-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical properties of structurally perfect CuInSe2 single crystals were studied in the temperature range of 4.2–300 K with the use of photoluminescence, optical absorption, optical reflection, and wavelength-modulated optical reflection (WMOR). The intense lines of free excitons A (∼1.0414 eV) and B (∼1.0449 eV) with a half-width of ∼0.7 meV at 4.2 K are found to be related to two extrema of valence band split by a crystal field. The excitons emission line C (∼1.2779 eV) in WMOR spectra are related to a lower valence band split-off by spin-orbit interaction. Within the context of the quasi-cubic Hopfield model, the parameters of valence band splitting ΔCF=5.2 meV and ΔSO=234.7 meV defined by the crystal and spin-orbit interaction, respectively, are calculated. In the region of the fundamental absorption edge, the lines of bound excitons are found with a half-width ∼0.3 meV that is indicative of a high quality of grown CuInSe2 crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1188022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Rutherford backscattering-channelling and Raman study of CuInSe2 single crystal surfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The (1 1 2) surfaces of Bridgman-grown p- and n-type CuInSe2 single crystals were prepared using different polishing, etching and annealing regimes. The surfaces were subsequently studied using Rutherford backscattering-channelling (2 MeV He+ ions) and Raman techniques. A layer of damage below the polished surface was produced after polishing with 3 Μm and 1 Μm diamond pastes and fine 0.05 Μm alumina slurry. The thickness of the damaged layer depends on the polishing grade and was found to be 30 nm after 0.05 Μm grade polishing. Subsequent etching in a 1% Br-methanol solution removed the damaged layer after 30s. However, the etching process produced what appeared to be an Se excess in a layer close to the surface. This excess can be dissipated by annealing; also, heat treatment of unetched samples at 400
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth of Cu thin films by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We study the growth of Cu films en route to the production of CuInSe2 thin films as absorber layers in solar cells by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition technique. In order to obtain good quality films, the deposition conditions such as substrate, source temperatures, concentration ratio of Ar to H2 have been optimized. The surface morphology and structural analysis of Cu films have been carried out. It is revealed that annealing resulted in a change in the properties of the films and also in the generation of other phases such as γ-Cu5Si (cubic) and CuO (monoclinic). ©1999Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008979107614
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sulfur concentration on the properties of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We study the structural, surface morphology and optical properties of chemical bath deposited (CBD) cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films under the effect of variation of S/Cd ratio. CdS thin films have been successfully deposited by CBD technique with solutions containing S/Cd ionic concentration ratio of 5.0, 2.5, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25. Single phase CdS, with a hexagonal structure, is observed for the concentration of S/Cd = 5.0, 2.5, 1.0 and 0.5 films while for the ratio of 0.25, the films exhibited a partially amorphous nature. These have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) analyses. The band gaps of the films obtained by transmission and photoacoustic spectra are found to be in the range of 2.40 to 3.26 eV. The large variation of band gaps of the films with composition is discussed by employing quantum size effect phenomena. The transition levels of CdS are also studied using photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008965420050
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of annealing processes on the structural, compositional and electro-optical properties of CuIn0.75Ga0.25Se2 thin films (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Crystalline defects, such as the density of voids, grain boundaries and dislocations, in Cu(In,Ga) Se2 absorber layers depend on the fabrication conditions and determine to a large extent the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. The material properties, however, can be improved significantly by using post-deposition processes. In this paper, the effects of post-deposition heat treatments on properties of CuIn0.75Ga0.25Se2 (CIGS) thin films are investigated. Selected flash evaporated samples were subsequently processed under several sets of conditions, including vacuum, selenium, inert (argon) and forming gas (a 9:1 mixture of N2:H2) ambients, at different temperature and times. Structural, compositional and electro-optical properties of both as-deposited and annealed films were studied using a variety of analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the films showed a columnar grain structure with strong 〈 112 〉 preferred orientation, which after heat treatments relaxed to give a chalcopyrite structure. Raman analysis showed that the annealing process reduced the full-wave half-maximum (FWHM) value from 20 to 10 cm−1 indicating a change in both film composition and microstructure. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) revealed that the composition was approaching that of the polycrystalline starting material. Both n- and p-type conductivities were observed with resistivity values in the range 10−1 to 106 Ω cm. Annealing in selenium atmosphere altered the n-type conductivity to p-type. To confirm improvements in optical properties of annealed films, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) was employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133118
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MS-PCR assay to detect 677C→T mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 21 (1998), S. 694-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005413524070
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition and characterization of copper indium gallium diselenide films by laser ablation and flash evaporation for use in solar cells (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 5611-5613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin films have shown considerable promise for use as an absorber layer in high-efficiency solar cells. The initial results obtained from the preparation of CIGS films via laser ablation and flash evaporation are presented along with a comparison of the two deposition processes. The as-deposited CIGS films have been characterized by a variety of techniques, namely Rutherford back scattering and energy dispersive analysis using X-rays for composition measurements X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy for structure elucidation, SEM for surface examination, and the four-point probe for resistivity measurements. In essence, good-quality coatings of CIGS were produced from both deposition processes in terms of their stoichiometry, electrical and structural properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018684726577
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