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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic differences in some haematological traits of communally reared clonal ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, under stressed and non-stressed conditions (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four clonal lines of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, were produced through gynogenesis, mixed before hatching and reared communally. After 10 months, a randomly taken sample was subjected to a standardized shallow-water stressor. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cells count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were obtained from stressed and non-stressed fish. DNA fingerprinting was used to confirm the clonal nature of the organisms and to identify the clonal line to which each fish belonged.We observed significant differences between clonal lines mostly in the haematocrit and MCV measured under no-stress conditions. Such differences are suggested to represent mainly genetic variance, on account of the common environment provided to all the experimental groups.The stress response ratio was lower than expected, mainly due to some unexpectedly high non-stress values.Heritability values (h2) were medium to high for the no-stress measurements (mean 0.238) and very low or zero for the stressed groups’traits (excepting one high value of 0.484).We conclude that the use of communally reared clonal lines represents a good tool for the characterization of the physiological traits, thus allowing for their utilization as genetic selection criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1996.00804.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA fingerprinting in a Malaysian strain of Javanese carp, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), detected by YNZ22 DNA probe (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00227.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis for neonatal survival in the guppy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Neonatal survival rate ranged from 91.8 to 100.0% in 12 populations of the guppy Poecilia reticulata, and was higher in naturalized Japanese stream populations than in domestic strains. Mean heterozygosity at five allozyme and four microsatellite loci varied between 0.112 and 0.430 and was significantly correlated with neonatal survival rate among populations, suggest ing that inbreeding decreases neonatal survival. Diallel and reciprocal crosses among four domestic strains demonstrated heterosis for neonatal survival. These results indicate that neonatal survival is genetically affected by heterosis and its antithesis, inbreeding depression. The relationship between neonatal survival and the mean heterozygosity suggests that overall heterozygosity is important for neonatal survival of the guppy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01695.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE TRAINING ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY, CONTENT AND mRNA EXPRESSION IN RAT MUSCLE (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzyme (Mn2+-SOD and Cu2+, Zn2+-SOD) activities, contents and mRNA expressions in rat skeletal muscle during endurance training and a single bout of exercise.2. Thirty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into untrained (U) and trained (T) groups. The T group rats were treadmill-trained for 9 weeks. The activity, content and mRNA expression of Mn2+-SOD and Cu2+, Zn2+-SOD were determined in the soleus muscle of each rat.3. Mn2+-SOD activity and content in the T group were significantly higher than in the U group, both at rest (22 and 21%, respectively) and after exercise (24 and 46%, respectively), while a single bout of exercise affected neither the activity nor content of Mn2+-SOD in either group.4. The content of Cu2+, Zn2+-SOD in both groups was not different at rest and after exercise, although its activity at rest was significantly higher in the T group than in the U group (by 29%).5. After exercise, the expression of Mn2+-SOD mRNA was markedly attenuated only in the U group (49%); the expression of Cu2+, Zn2+-SOD mRNA was not influenced by exercise.6. Our results suggest that adequate endurance training increases both the activity and content of Mn2+-SOD and that untrained rats are rather susceptible to oxidative stress during physical exercise. It thus appears that Mn2+-SOD provides a reliable index of physical training.7. The results obtained in the present study also suggest that muscle has the capacity of responding to training in such a manner as to reduce the potential harm arising from the accumulation of oxygen free radicals resulting from enhanced metabolic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01196.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostatic urethra (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 355 (1997), S. 412-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key wordsα1-adrenoceptor subtypes ; Urethra ; Cloned receptor ; NS-49 ; Binding assay ; Correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To identify the α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostatic urethra, we compared the potencies of various α1-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in inhibiting [3H]tamsulosin binding to human prostatic urethral membranes with their potencies in inhibiting the binding of (+)-β-([125I]iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl-tetralone ([125I]HEAT) to cloned human α1a, α1b and α1d subtypes. The α1A-selective antagonists 5-methylurapidil and (+)niguldipine showed higher affinities for both cloned α1a and urethral α1-adrenoceptors than for cloned α1b- and α1d-adrenoceptors. NS-49, (R)-3′-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4′-fluoromethanesulfonanilide hydrochloride, recently characterized as an α1A-selective agonist, also showed high affinity for the cloned α1a subtype and urethral α1-adrenoceptors. Prazosin showed lower affinity for α1-adrenoceptors in the human prostatic urethra than for any of the three cloned α1-adrenoceptors. Comparison of the affinities of α1-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists for human prostatic urethral α1-adrenoceptors to their affinities for the three cloned α1 subtypes indicated a close correlation between the affinities for human urethral α1 and the cloned α1a-adrenoceptors. However, prazosin did not conform to this pattern. These findings suggest that the predominant α1-adrenoceptor in the human urethra is the α1A subtype, and that an α1L subtype which has been characterised by its low affinity for prazosin, may also be present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004962
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of an Amadori product, 1-hexitol-lysine, in the anterior horn of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinobulbar muscular atrophy spinal cord: evidence for early involvement of glycation in motoneuron diseases (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Glycation ; Amadori product ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Spinobulbar muscular atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glycation is a series of non-enzymatic reactions initiated by addition of reducing sugars to ɛ-amino group of lysine residues and α-amino group of the N terminus of proteins, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). It is thought to be involved in aging and various neurodegenerative conditions. In the present study using anti-1-hexitol-lysine (1-HL) antibody, Amadori product, an early glycation product, was detected in axonal spheroids in the anterior horn of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in atrophic neurons of spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, Kennedy disease with abnormally expanded triplet repeats in androgen receptor gene) but not in other regions of the central nervous system. Furthermore, Amadori product was undetectable in the tissues from age-matched controls. Thus, 1-HL formation could not reflect physiological aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of nitric oxide synthase in macula densa in streptozotocin diabetic rats (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 793-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes mellitus ; glomerulopathy ; cNOS (neural type) ; macula densa ; morphometry ; NADPH diaphorase ; immunocytochemistry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal haemodynamic changes are suggested to be an early sign of diabetic glomerulopathy. The juxtaglomerular apparatus relevant to the renin-angiotensin system, known to be the site of nitric oxide (NO) production, is considered to play a role in the regulation of glomerular blood flow. This study was therefore designed to clarify whether in situ expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is altered in the kidney of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with 6, 8, 12 and 32 weeks' diabetes duration and age-matched normal control rats were used. The expression of a constitutive form of NOS (cNOS, neural type) and NADPH diaphorase activity in the renal cortex were studied immunohistochemically and histochemically. Diabetic rats had lower body weight and heavier kidney mass compared to control rats at each time point examined. Mean glomerular surface area was greater in 6, 8 and 12-week diabetic rats compared to age-matched control rats. cNOS reaction was localized in the macula densa and appeared less intense in diabetic rats compared to age-matched control rats. The mean number of macula densa cells positive for cNOS in each glomerulus and in each glomerular area was significantly lower in diabetic rats compared to control rats at any time examined. In contrast, NADPH diaphorase activity was detected in both juxtaglomerular arterioles and macula densa cells. The staining reaction of NADPH diaphorase in the arterioles remained positive but appeared less intense in macula densa cells in diabetic rats. These results suggest that NO production in macula densa cells may be reduced in diabetic rats, modulating the vasodilatory function of afferent arterioles. Further investigation on the changes in inducible NOS as well as endothelial cNOS are necessary to clarify mechanisms of haemodynamic changes in the diabetic kidney. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 793–799]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050512
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements on lobed jet mixing flows (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 29 (2000), S. S141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  An experimental investigation of the vortical and turbulent structures in lobed jet mixing flows was conducted. The techniques of planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) were used to accomplish flow visualisation and velocity filed measurements of the lobed jet mixing flows. Compared with a conventional circular jet flow, the lobed jet mixing flows were found to have a shorter laminar region, a smaller scale of spanwise Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices, quicker transition to turbulence and earlier appearance of small-scale vortical and turbulent structures. The intensive mixing of the core jet flow with ambient flow was found to concentrate within the first two nozzle diameters in the lobed jet mixing flow. More rapid growth of the shear layer at the near field and quicker decay of the central line velocity were also found in the lobed jet mixing flow. All these indicated a better mixing enhancement performance of the lobed nozzle compared with the conventional circular nozzle in the near-field region. Based on the PLIF and PIV results, two aspects of the mechanism of mixing enhancement in a lobed jet mixing flow were suggested. One is that a lobed nozzle can cause big azimuthal perturbations in the jet flow due to its special geometry, and the streamwise vortices produced by the lobed nozzle can enhanced the azimuthal perturbations. The “cut and connect” process of the large-scale spanwise Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex rings was accelerated. This is responsible for the avalanche of three-dimensional and smaller-scale motions and the generation of high turbulence. Another is that the “stretch effect” of streamwise vortices generated by the lobed nozzle on the spanwise Kelvin–Helmholtz vortical rings reduced the scale of the spanwise Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices, which also results in the creation of much small-scale intense turbulence and enhances the mixing of the core jet flow with the ambient flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480070016
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leucocytosis as a marker of organ damage induced by chronic strenuous physical exercise (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 70 (1995), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Leucocytosis ; Exercise ; Muscle damage ; Liver damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of strenuous physical exercise on the serial changes in the haematological, biochemical and hormonal markers were investigated. A group of 14 soldiers, aged 24–36 years, took part in a military training course for about 13 weeks. After severe exercise stress, an increase (90%) in the number of peripheral blood leucocytes was observed. The degree of leucocytosis showed a close correlation with the values of some serum parameters, such as concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST;r = 0.747), lactate dehydrogenase (LD;r = 0.748), blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.756), creatine kinase (CK;r = 0.637), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD;r = 0.508), alanine aminotransferase (ALT;r = 0.542) and uric acid (r = 0.538), and concentrations of urinary parameters, such as vanilmandelic acid (r = 0.429) and free cortisol (r = 0.437). The subjects showing prominent leucocytosis over 9500 cells · μl−1 exhibited a lower concentration of serum cholinesterase than those who showed milder leucocytosis. The serum Mn-SOD concentration was closely correlated with the serial changes in serum concentrations of AST, ALT, LD and CK, indicating exercise-induced muscle and liver damage. The change in peripheral leucocyte number was assumed to be diagnostically informative and may be a prognostic marker, reflecting organ damage and restoration after strenuous physical exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618492
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