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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy and tolerability of amitriptylinoxide in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache: a multi-centre controlled study (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Amitriptyline is the medication of first choice in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache. In 197 patients with chronic tension-type headache (87M and 110F with a mean age of 38 ±13 (18–68)) efficacy and tolerability of 60–90 mg amitriptylinoxide (AO) were compared with 50–75 mg amitriptyline (AM) and placebo (PL) in a double-blind, parallel-group trial consisting of a four weeks’ baseline phase and 12 weeks of treatment. The primary study endpoint was a reduction of at least 50% of the product of headache duration and frequency and a reduction of at least 50% in headache intensity. Statistics used were Fisher’s exact test and analysis of variance. No significant difference emerged between AO, AM and PL with respect to the primary study endpoint. Treatment response occurred in 30.3% of the AO, 22.4% of the AM and 21.9% of the PL group. A reduction in headache duration and frequency of at least 50% was found in 39.4% on AO, in 25.4% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .1384, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .0973). A reduction in headache intensity of at least 50% was found in 31.8% on AO, in 26.9% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .5657, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .5715). Trend analysis with respect to a significant reduction of headache intensity (p 〈 0.05) and the product of headache duration and frequency revealed a superior effect of AO. Adverse events occurred in 75.8% on AO, 82.1% on AM and 76.6% on PL (PAO-PL = 1.000, PAM-PL =.5188, PAO-AM = .4017). Neither depressive symptoms, measured by the SCL-90-R, nor study drug-related adverse events had any influence on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1402149.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responders and non-responders to metoprolol, propranolol and nifedipine treatment in migraine prophylaxis: a dose-range study based on time-series analysis (1991)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 11 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to ascertain, on the basis of single case statistics and time-series analysis, responder and non-responder rates for metoprolol, propranolol and nifedipine in migraine prophylaxis. In addition, an attempt was made to identify the dose relationship for the various drugs on headache parameters. In a double-blind dose-finding study, 58 patients were treated in five consecutive dosage steps each lasting 1-3 months. All patients kept a headache diary before, during and after treatment. Serum drug levels were also determined. The data were assessed by time-series analysis, as well as by multiple regression and analysis of variance. A significant improvement was noted in 54.4% of patients with migraine during treatment with metoprolol. The study did not confirm the high success rates in migraine prophylaxis of nifedipine and propranolol quoted in the literature. Administration of nifedipine led to an increase in migraine attacks in 71% of the patients. Nifedipine was of no value in the prophylaxis of migraine. Only 32% of patients showed a reduction in frequency of migraine attacks during administration of propranolol. The analysis of variance failed to show any significant difference between the responder rates for metoprolol and propranolol. Higher doses of propranolol and metoprolol were more effective. Multiple regression analysis explained a considerable part of variance for propranolol (but not for metoprolol) as a result of reduced intake of ergotamine preparations and analgesics. It can therefore be concluded that part of the prophylactic effect of propranolol is attributable to a reduction in the use of migraine medication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1101037.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quark mass dependence of masses and decay constants of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons in QCD (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 31 (2003), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The dependence of the pseudo-scalar meson masses and decay constants on sea and valence quark masses is compared to next-to-leading order (NLO) chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The numerical simulations with two light dynamical quark flavors are performed with the Wilson quark lattice action at gauge coupling $\beta = 5.1$ and hopping parameters $\kappa = 0.176,\; 0.1765,\; 0.177$ on a 164 lattice. ${\cal O}(a)$ lattice artifacts are taken into account by applying chiral perturbation theory for the Wilson lattice action. The values of the relevant combinations of Gasser-Leutwyler constants L 4, L 5, L 6 and L 8 are estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01321-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of mercury in tap water (1994)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 450-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01136645
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-four-hour tremor recordings in the evaluation of the treatment of Parkinson's disease (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Tremor recording ; Parkinson's disease ; Resting tremor ; Diurnal variations ; Treatment effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new method of prolonged recording of EMG provides a good estimate of spontaneous and induced diurnal variations in resting tremor in Parkinson's disease. It provides a record and a measure of the effects of treatment. Tremor intensity shows considerable variations even over short periods of time. Therefore short-term measurements of tremor are unhelpful. Long-term recordings agree better with the patient's assessment than with the clinical rating score. Repeated recordings over a similar 10-h period on 3 consecutive days in one patient showed fairly constant measures of occurrence and intensity of tremor. In contrast to accelerometer measurements of tremor, artefacts caused by movements and general activity of the patient do not materially interfere with tremor evaluation using surface EMG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314251
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analgesic-induced chronic headache: long-term results of withdrawal therapy (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Chronic headache ; Analgesics ; Withdrawal therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Headache characteristics are described in 139 patients with chronic daily or almost daily headaches due to regular intake of analgesics and the short- and long-term results of drug withdrawal. Drug-induced headache was described as dull, diffuse, and band-like, and usually started in the early morning. The mean duration of the original headache (migraine or tension headache) was 25 years; regular intake of drugs and chronic daily headache had started 10 and 6 years prior to withdrawal therapy, respectively. Patients took an average of 34.6 tablets or analgesic suppositories or antimigraine drugs per week containing 5.8 different substances. The drugs most often used were caffeine (95%), ergotalkaloids (89%), barbiturates (64%), and spasmolytics, paracetamol, and pyrazolone derivates (45%–46%). A total of 103 patients (68 migraine, 35 tension or combination headache) were available for interviews at a mean time interval of 2.9 years after an inpatient drug withdrawal programme. Chronic headache had disappeared or was reduced by more than 50% in two-thirds of the patients. Positive predictors for successful treatment were migraine as primary headache, chronic headache lasting less than 10 years, and regular intake of ergotamine. Drug intake was significantly reduced and patients used single substances more often. Patients who originally suffered from migraine, superimposed on the daily headache, also experienced a significant improvement in the frequency of the migraines and their intensity. Migraine prophylaxis through beta-blocking agents and calcium channel antagonists was more efficient after drug-withdrawal therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of drug-induced exogenous psychosis in Parkinsonism with clozapine and fluperlapine (1985)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 235 (1985), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Drug-induced psychosis ; Parkinson's disease ; Clozapine ; Fluperlapine ; Mesolimbic system ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 13 patients with drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease were treated with two non-classical neuroleptics-clozapine and fluperlapine. Patients mainly complained about severe hallucinatory symptoms and different degrees of paranoid delusions. Complete relief was observed in 8 patients, moderate improvement in 3 and no effects in 2. Parkinsonian disability did not increase under neuroleptic medication with clozapine and fluperlapine, but could be ameliorated by additional L-dopa or bromocriptine medication. The non-classical neuroleptics employed are dopamine D2 blocking agents with a preferential binding to mesolimbic, mesocortical and hippocampal D2 receptors and no substantial binding to striatal dopamine receptors. Restricted use of these two neuroleptics is necessitated because of the danger of agranulocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380972
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of peripheral neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia in chronic alcoholics (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 212-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alcoholic neuropathy ; Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration ; Posturography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 78 chronic alcoholics were examined neurologically as well as by electroneurography, myography and posturography. Clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy were detected in 45% of these patients, with electromyographic and neurographic abnormality in 67% and 55% respectively. Clinical signs of cerebellar ataxia were found in 33% of our patients, whereas posturographic measurements of increased sway were recorded in 69%. The posturographic characteristics of cerebellar anterior lobe atrophy were observed in two-thirds of the latter patients. The severity of cerebellar-ataxia did not correlate with the degree of neuropathy. This lack of correlation is interpreted as an indication of different pathogenetic mechanisms acting on peripheral nerves and cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314021
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary metabolites of amitriptylinoxide and amitriptyline in single-dose experiments and during continuous therapy (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Amitriptylinoxide ; Metabolites ; Renal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a cross-over design, six healthy volunteers received 50 mg amitriptylinoxide (AT-NO) IV and orally and 50 mg amitriptyline (AT) IV. Urine was collected completely for 8 h and occasionally up to 48 h. In addition, five patients each under treatment with AT-NO or AT for tension headache collected 24-h urine samples. The following compounds were analysed by HPLC: AT-NO, E- and Z-10-hydroxy-AT-NO (E- and Z-10-OH-AT-NO), free and conjugated AT, E- and Z-10-OH-AT and their mono- and didemethylated analogues, and 2-OH-nortriptyline (2-OH-NT). Unchanged AT-NO in urine accounted for an average of 34% and 22% of the single IV and oral doses, respectively, and for 28% in continuous therapy, with a further 8–9% being excreted as E- and Z-10-OH-AT-NO. The remaining part was converted to the same metabolites as was AT. In the steady state the measured compounds accounted for 74% and 77% of the daily AT-NO and AT doses, respectively. The renal plasma clearance of AT-NO varied between 75 and 265 ml/min in the six volunteers. Tubular secretion must play an important part in the renal excretion of AT-NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perturbation theory for the two-dimensional abelian Higgs modelin the unitary gauge (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 32 (2004), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In the unitary gauge the unphysical degrees of freedom of spontaneously broken gauge theories are eliminated. The Feynman rules are simpler than in other gauges, but it is non-renormalizable by the rules of power counting. On the other hand, it is formally equal to the limit $\xi \to 0$ of the renormalizable R $_{\xi}$ -gauge. We consider perturbation theory to one-loop order in the R $_{\xi}$ -gauge and in the unitary gauge for the case of the two-dimensional abelian Higgs model. An apparent conflict between the unitary gauge and the limit $\xi \to 0$ of the R $_{\xi}$ -gauge is resolved, and it is demonstrated that results for physical quantities can be obtained in the unitary gauge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01327-9
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