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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 116-122 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cerebral angiography ; Complicated migraine ; Complications of angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-one patients (ages: 15–58 years) suffering from complicated migraine were investigated by means of cerebral angiography which was not performed during an attack. Angiography was carried out to exclude stenoses or occlusions of the cranio-cervical vessels and above all vascular malformations (arterial aneurysms, arteriovenous angiomas). In 18 cases (25.4%) organic lesions were found, including three vessel malformations (4.2%). Thirty-one patients (43.7%) suffered from headache reactions or other complications during or within 24 h following angiography. In 15 cases (21.1%) attacks of complicated migraine were observed, three patients (4.2%) suffered from headache and bilateral flickering visual disturbances, another 11 patients (15.5%) developed headache and vegetative symptoms requiring therapeutic management. One patient (1.4%) got an epileptic seizure, another patient (1.4%) developed a generalized urticaria exanthema. There were more headache reactions in women than in men. However, the highest percentage of reactions was observed in patients in whom migraine headache had occurredclearly set off from the transient cerebral functional disturbances. Neurological complications (transient functional disturbances) occurred in 16 of 71 patients (22.5%). The neurological complication rate was significantly (P 〈 0.001) higher than that in an unselected group of patients (3.0%). However, apart from one case with an acute organic psychosis and permanent amnesia during the angiographic investigation and the postangiographic period, only transient functional disturbances without permanent deficits were seen. In view of the benign course of the complications, it is our opinion that in spite of the high rate of headache reactions angiography should be performed in patients with complicated migraine. Cerebral angiography is the only method of reliably diagnosing intracranial arterial stenoses, occlusions and vascular malformations. Without angiography and thus without diagnosis patients would be considerably endangered (possible rupture of the malformation with fatal consequences).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty-eight patients with “chronic daily” headache and ergotamine and/or analgesics abuse according to the criteria proposed by the international Headache Society were re-investigated 5 years after inpatient drug withdrawal. At the end of the observation period, 19 patients (50.0%) had their headaches on only 8 days per month or less, 18 patients (47.4%) were free of symptoms or had only mild headaches. A close correlation was found between the frequency of headache and the duration of drug abuse, as well as between the intensity of headache and the number of tablets taken per month. Frequency and intensity of headache had changed within the first 2 years after withdrawal, but remained stable afterwards. Fifteen patients (39.5%) reported on recurrent drug abuse. Patients with migraine showed a tendency towards a better prognosis compared to patients with tension-type headache or with combined migraine and tension-type headache. The results of this study highlight the long-term efficacy of inpatient drug withdrawal in patients with headache and ergotamine and/or analgesics abuse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Amitriptyline is the medication of first choice in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache. In 197 patients with chronic tension-type headache (87M and 110F with a mean age of 38 ±13 (18–68)) efficacy and tolerability of 60–90 mg amitriptylinoxide (AO) were compared with 50–75 mg amitriptyline (AM) and placebo (PL) in a double-blind, parallel-group trial consisting of a four weeks’ baseline phase and 12 weeks of treatment. The primary study endpoint was a reduction of at least 50% of the product of headache duration and frequency and a reduction of at least 50% in headache intensity. Statistics used were Fisher’s exact test and analysis of variance. No significant difference emerged between AO, AM and PL with respect to the primary study endpoint. Treatment response occurred in 30.3% of the AO, 22.4% of the AM and 21.9% of the PL group. A reduction in headache duration and frequency of at least 50% was found in 39.4% on AO, in 25.4% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .1384, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .0973). A reduction in headache intensity of at least 50% was found in 31.8% on AO, in 26.9% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .5657, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .5715). Trend analysis with respect to a significant reduction of headache intensity (p 〈 0.05) and the product of headache duration and frequency revealed a superior effect of AO. Adverse events occurred in 75.8% on AO, 82.1% on AM and 76.6% on PL (PAO-PL = 1.000, PAM-PL =.5188, PAO-AM = .4017). Neither depressive symptoms, measured by the SCL-90-R, nor study drug-related adverse events had any influence on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The migraine prophylactic effect of 10 mmol magnesium twice-daily has been evaluated in a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with two to six migraine attacks per month without aura, and history of migraine of at least 2 years, were included. A 4-week baseline period without medication was followed by 12 weeks of treatment with magnesium or placebo. The primary efficacy end-point was a reduction of at least 50% in intensity or duration of migraine attacks in hours at the end of the 12 weeks of treatment compared to baseline. With a calculated total sample size of 150 patients, an interim analysis was planned after completing treatment of at least 60 patients, which in fact was performed with 69 patients (64F, 5M), aged 18–64 years. Of these, 35 had received magnesium and 34 placebo. The number of responders was 1 in each group (28.6% under magnesium and 29.4% under placebo). As determined in the study protocol, this was a major reason to discontinue the trial. With regard to the number of migraine days or migraine attacks there was no benefit with magnesium compared to placebo. There were no centre-specific differences, and the final assessments of treatment efficacy by the doctor and patient were largely equivocal. With respect to tolerability and safety, 45.7% of patients in the magnesium group reported primarily mild adverse‘ events like soft stool and diarrhoea in contrast to 23.5% in the placebo group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclandelate inhibits calcium-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells, platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, platelet-activating-factor and adenosine, and also suppresses a provoked 5HT release from platelets. This pharmacological profile suggests that cyclandelate may have a potential prophylactic effect in migraine. To test this hypothesis, a double-blind multicentre study was performed in 214 patients to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of cyclandelate compared to placebo and propranolol. After a 4-week baseline period, eligible patients (randomization 3:2:3) were treated for 12 weeks with daily doses of 1.200 mg cyclandelate (n=81), placebo (n=55) or 120 mg propranolol (n=78). The number of migraine attacks (350% responders) and the migraine duration/month were compared based on the difference between baseline and the last 4 weeks of prophylactic treatment. The percentage of patients with a reduction in migraine attacks of 350% treated with cyclancelate (37.0%) or propranolol (42.3%) was not significantly superior to placebo (30.9%; P〉0.025). The mean duration of migraine in hours (h) per month decreased in both active treatment groups (cyclandelate: 36.8h, p=0.046; propranolol: 34.4 h, p=0.039) compared to placebo (13.7 h) without reaching statistical significance (alpha/2=0.025). The clinical efficacy of cyclandelate and propranolol was comparable. Adverse experiences were reported by 13 patients (16.0%) treated with cyclandelate, by 5 patients (9.1%) treated with placebo and by 19 patients (24.4%) treated with propranolol. These were drug-related in 7.1% (n=6) of patients treated with cyclandelate and in 9% (n=7) of patients treated with propranolol. In summary, cyclandelate has a comparable efficacy to that of propranolol an established drug of first choice in the prophylaxis of migraine. Both drugs were better than placebo, but not significantly so. Both active treatments were well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eighty patients suffering from tension-type headache for an average of 21 years were asked to report on all drugs they had ever taken (type, dosage, duration of intake, efficacy) or were taking currently. The patients had consumed on average 6.3 different drugs. The cumulative doses of derivatives of para-aminophenol, pyrazolone, and salicylic acid in some cases reached a maximum of several kilograms. Most drugs were classified by the patients as “moderately effective”. The rating “very effective” was assigned primarily to barbiturates; however, barbiturates are no longer used as components of compound analgesic drugs in Austria. At the time of investigation, patients consumed 2.5 (mean) different drugs, primarily as compound preparations. Seventeen patients (21%) showed signs of possible analgesics- or ergotamine-induced headache and were therefore advised to undergo withdrawal therapy. Our results show that patients with tension-type headache are at considerable risk of becoming drug-dependent and of acquiring analgesics-induced headache.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USA/Oxford, UK : American Association for the Study of Headache/Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied in vivo the influence of flunarizine on dopamine D2 receptors and investigated whether dopamine D2 receptor blockade is involved in its antimigraine action. Eleven migraine patients, treated with flunarizine, 10 mg per day, underwent single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) using [123I] labeled iodobenzamide, a ligand with high affinity and high specificity for D2 receptors. There was a reduction of the dopamine D2 receptor binding potential in all patients compared to age-matched controls. The efficacy of flunarizine in migraine prophylaxis failed to correlate with the degree of the dopamine D2 receptor blockade. The antimigraine action of flunarizine may not involve antidopaminergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 221 (1979), S. 93-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Electroencephalography ; Head injury ; Epilepsy posttraumatic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 64 Patienten mit gesicherter posttraumatischer Epilepsie wurden die Ergebnisse der klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchung, der Elektroencephalographie (EEG) und der Computer-Tomographie (CT) miteinander verglichen. Nur bei 18 Patienten (28%) bestanden zentral-neurologische Ausfälle, entsprechende Herdbefunde waren in der Computer-Tomographie und in der Elektroencephalographie in 15 bzw. 11 Fällen nachweisbar. Das EEG war bei 12 Patienten (19%), die CT bei 14 Patienten (22%) unauffällig. Die Kombination beider Methoden führte in 94% zu positiven Ergebnissen von seiten mindestens einer Hilfsuntersuchung. Nur bei 3 Patienten waren sowohl der neurologische Status als auch EEG- und CT-Befunde zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt unauffällig, obwohl an der Ätiologie der Epilepsie kein Zweifel bestand. Abgesehen von der klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchung sind die Elektroencephalographie und die Computer-Tomographie die wichtigsten Hilfsmethoden zur Diagnose und Verlaufskontrolle der posttraumatischen Epilepsie.
    Notes: Summary The results of the clinical neurological investigation were compared with those of electroencephalography (EEG) and computed tomography (CT) in 64 patients suffering from verified posttraumatic epilepsy. Only 18 patients (28%) showed central neurological features with corresponding focal disorders on CT (15 cases) and EEG (11 cases). EEG results were normal in 12 cases (19%), CT in 14 cases (22%). The combined application of both methods led to positive results in 94% on the part of at least one accessory examination. The clinical neurological investigation as well as the EEG and CT were normal in only 3 cases, although the traumatic etiology of epilepsy was beyond doubt. In addition to the clinical neurological investigation, EEG and CT are most important accessory examinations for the diagnosis and followup studies in cases of posttraumatic epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 236 (1987), S. 230-234 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Vertebral artery stenosis ; Cerebral angiography ; Cerebrovascular diseases ; Stroke ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The outcome of 142 patients suffering from ischemic cerebral circulation disorders was followed up over a period of 33 months on average. The spontaneous course of 25 patients with unilateral, hemodynamically ineffective stenoses of the vertebral artery was compared with that of 107 patients without vertebral artery stenoses. Within the first 12 months, novel clinically manifest cerebrovascular events were observed in 16.0% of patients without vertebral artery stenosis (deaths 5.0%), but in only 4.3% of the patients with vertebral artery stenosis (no deaths). Within 30 months, only 2 of the 13 patients with vertebral artery stenosis had suffered a new cerebrovascular attack. At the end of the observation period, 39.3% of the patients without vertebral artery stenosis and 48.0% of the patients with vertebral artery stenosis were significantly disabled in their social life or had died. An additional unilateral hemodynamically irrelevant vertebral artery stenosis did not influence the rate of reinfarction or the remission of neurological deficits, independently of age, the degree of the circulatory disorder, the vascular territory involved, the presence of an organic psychosyndrome, or of additional stenoses in the carotid arteries. Consequently, a vertebral artery stenosis narrowing the vessel diameter to less than 1/3 is without prognostic relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 230 (1981), S. 293-305 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Wallenberg's syndrome ; Vertebral artery ; Posterior inferior cerebellar artery ; Cerebral angiography ; Syndromes of the medulla oblongata ; Wallenbergsyndrom ; Oblongatasyndrome ; Cerebrale Angiographie ; A. vertebralis ; A. cerebelli inferior posterior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 11 Fällen von Oblongatasyndromen wird zu den klinischen und angiographischen Befunden beim Wallenbergsyndrom Stellung genommen. Zur Diagnose des Wallenbergsyndromes sollte die klassische Symptomatik (Hornersyndrom, Nystagmus, Dysphonie und Dysphagie, Ataxie, dissoziierte sensible Störung im Gesicht bzw. kontralateral am Körper, vegetative Begleitsymptomatik) möglichst weitgehend vorhanden sein. Wenn zusätzliche Ausfälle — etwa Facialis- oder Augenmuskelparesen, insbesondere aber Halbseitenzeichen — vorliegen, ist ein anderes — laterales oder mediales — Oblongatasyndrom anzunehmen. Die angiographischen Ergebnisse sind sehr uneinheitlich und reichen von unauffälligen Befunden an A. vertebralis bzw. A. cerebelli inferior posterior (ACIP) bis zu Verschlüssen dieser Gefäße (in drei bzw. zwei der 11 Fälle). Veränderungen an der A. cerebelli inferior anterior (ACIA) sind häufig zu beobachten. Nicht selten dürfte eine Art komplementärer Versorgung im ACIA-ACIP-Bereich bestehen. Umschriebene Prozesse an den erwähnten Gefäßen führen eher zu einem Wallenbergsyndrom als diffuse multiloculäre Gefäßprozesse. Aus der klinischen Symptomatik sind, auch unter Berücksichtigung eventuell vorliegender Paresen an den Extremitäten, kaum Rückschlüsse auf die Lokalisation einer möglicherweise verantwortlichen Gefäßstenose bzw. -obliteration zu ziehen.
    Notes: Summary Eleven cases presenting a syndrome of the medulla oblongata are discussed with reference to the findings of clinical and angiographic investigation. The diagnosis of Wallenberg's syndrome is justified when the classic symptoms are apparent (Horner's syndrome, nystagmus, dysphonia and dysphagia, ataxia, ipsilateral sensory impairment of the face and contralateral elsewhere, and accompanying vegetative disturbances). If additional symptoms such as a facial or extra-ocular muscle paresis, especially hemiparesis, exist, another, more lateral or medial, syndrome of the oblongata should be considered. Angiographic findings vary considerably, ranging from a normal vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) to an occlusion of these arteries (in three and two of the 11 cases respectively). Modifications are often seen in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). A kind of complementary supply in the PICA-AICA region must occasionally exist. Localised processes affecting these vessels rather than diffuse multifocal vascular processes would lead to Wallenberg's syndrome. It is difficult to conclude from the clinical picture where a possibly responsible vascular narrowing or obliteration may lie, even if pareses of the limb were present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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