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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shielded MR head for high-density magnetic recording (invited) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4847-4850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A narrow-gap shielded magnetoresistive (MR) head with a 8-μm track width has been constructed for high-density magnetic recording. The head consists of a pair of NiFe shields and a trilayered MR element between the shields. In the MR element NiFe, Ti, and amorphous CoZrMo films are used. The thickness of the three layers and the shields, as well as the shield gap length, are optimized with a one-dimensional self-consistent calculation. The shielded MR head has been fabricated using calculated thickness parameters for individual layers: 60 nm for CoZrMo with 40 nm NiFe and 20 nm Ti, 1-μm shields, and 0.5 μm for the total shield gap. The reproduced characteristics from the MR head are evaluated with a plated disk. Neither Barkhausen noise nor distortion is observed in the output waveform. The output voltage is 600 μVpp at a 4 mA/μm sense current with 30 kFCI transition density. The D50 transition density is 40 kFCI. These values are in good agreement with the calculated values. Assuming a 12-μm track pitch, crosstalk is −29 dB from off-track crosstalk characteristics. This shielded MR head has a potential to achieve high recording density with 40 kBPI and 2000 TPI for small-size disk drives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344756
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropy of piezoresistance in n-channel inversion layers of metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors on (001)Si (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5687-5691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystallographic orientation dependence of piezoresistance of n-channel inversion layers in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors on p-type (001)Si has been studied by using a diaphragm at room temperature. The experimental results have been compared with self-consistent calculations based on a surface quantization effect. The main feature of the crystallographic orientation dependence can be explained by an electron repopulation effect induced by applied strain and an effective mass anisotropy. It can be found that the difference between longitudinal and transverse piezoresistance in the devices nearly along the [110] directions is mainly due to an orthorhombic distortion of Si, and the shear deformation coefficients Xiu is determined to be 5.8 eV from comparing the experimental results with the calculated ones. An expression of the shear piezoresistance component π44 is also derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346984
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-spin polarization in photoemission from thin AlxGa1−xAs (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5189-5192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The polarization of photoemitted electrons from thin AlxGa1−xAs layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy has been studied as a function of Al concentration by varying x in steps of 0.05 from 0.0 to 0.15. As the fraction x is increased, the wavelength dependence of the polarization shifts toward shorter wavelengths, permitting wavelength tuning of the region of maximum polarization. A maximum electron polarization of 42%–43% is obtained for AlxGa1−xAs samples with x≥0.05 while the maximum polarization of GaAs (x=0) samples reaches 49%. To investigate the lower polarization of AlxGa1−xAs, additional samples have been studied, including a short-period superlattice (GaAs)7 - (AlAs)1 .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353744
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of the cornoid lamella: histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of porokeratosis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To elucidate the morphogenesis of cornoid lamellae (CL) in porokeratosis, skin lesions of three cases of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis and a case of linear porokeratosis were examined. By N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide staining, SH groups were present in the living layer of the epidermis beneath CL and irregularly disappeared at the bottom of CL, whereas SS linkages appeared in dyskeratotic cells in the living layer and in the irregularly shaped cell membranes of the horny cells. Epidermis beneath CL showed an increased and irregular involucrin expression. Ultrastructurally, the living keratinocytes contained many cytoplasmic vacuoles and had a smaller number of lamellar bodies than normal. Intercellular lamellar sheets were incompletely formed. The dyskeratotic cells and the lower horny cells contained many small vacuoles but formed a marginal band. The horny cells of CL also formed a marginal band and, further, a keratin pattern. CL may be formed by hyperproliferative atypical kertatinocytes which keratinize rapidly and irregularly and show defective desquamation due to the paucity of intercellular lamellar sheets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb01231.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Postsynaptic EP4 and Presynaptic EP3 Receptors in Actions of Prostaglandin E2 in Rat Supraoptic Neurones (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have reported that supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurones are excited by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) presumably via dual postsynaptic PG receptors, FP receptors and unidentified EP receptors, and that presynaptic EP receptors may also be involved in the excitation. In the present study, to clarify the receptor mechanism of the PGE2-mediated actions on SON neurones, we studied the pre- and postsynaptic effects of four newly developed EP agonists that are selective for each of the four EP receptors, EP1−4, on rat SON neurones using extracellular recording and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329 mimicked the excitatory effects of PGE2, whereas the EP1 agonist ONO-DI-004, the EP2 agonist ONO-AE1-257 and the EP3 agonist ONO-AE-248 had little or no effect. The effects of ONO-AE1-329 were unaffected by the EP1/FP/TP antagonist, ONO-NT-012, which potently suppressed the excitation caused by the FP agonist fluprostenol and PGE2. ONO-AE1-329 caused marked excitation when responses to fluprostenol were desensitized by repeated applications of fluprostenol. Patch-clamp analysis in SON neurones showed that ONO-AE1-329 induced inward currents at a holding potential of −70 mV and the reversal potential of the currents was −35.1 ± 2.3 mV. On the other hand, the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded from SON slice preparations was suppressed by ONO-AE-248, but unaffected by the other three EP agonists. These results suggest that SON neurones possess postsynaptic EP4 receptors and that γ-aminobutyric acid neurones innervating SON neurones possess presynaptic EP3 receptors in their terminals. Activation of the two EP receptors may be involved in the excitatory regulation of SON neurones by PGE2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00741.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of Cytosolic Ca2+ Suppression By Prostaglandin E2 Receptors in Rat Melanotrophs (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 15 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported that voltage-dependent Ca2+ (VDC) channels of rat melanotrophs are inhibited by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In this study, mechanisms involved in the inhibitory actions of PGE2 receptors of rat melanotrophs were analysed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Ca2+-imaging and whole-cell, patch-clamp techniques with recently developed EP agonists, each of which is selective for the known four subclasses of EP receptors (EP1–4). PGE2 reversibly suppressed the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The maximum reduction in [Ca2+]i by PGE2 was comparable to that by dopamine or to that by extracellular Ca2+ removal. RT-PCR analysis of all four EP receptors revealed that EP3 and EP4 receptor mRNAs were expressed in the intermediate lobe. The effects of PGE2 to suppress [Ca2+]i were mimicked by the selective EP3 agonist, ONO-AE-248, whereas three other EP agonists, ONO-DI-004 (EP1), ONO-AE1-259 (EP2) and ONO-AE1-329 (EP4), had little or no effect on [Ca2+]i. All four G-protein activated inward rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel mRNAs were identified in intermediate lobe tissues by RT-PCR. Dopamine concentration-dependently activated GIRK currents, whereas PGE2 did not activate GIRK currents, even at the concentration causing maximal inhibition of VDC channels. These results suggest that PGE2 acts on EP3 receptors to suppress Ca2+ entry of rat melanotrophs by selectively inhibiting VDC channels of these cells. We have compared the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of inhibition by dopamine and PGE2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.00864.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residency and movement of stream-dwelling Japanese charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, in a central Japanese mountain stream (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – The residency and movement of stream-dwelling adult (2+ and older) Japanese charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, were studied by mark and recapture experiments in the Jadani Stream, a headwater tributary of the Tedori River, central Japan, from 1986 to 1989. Of the marked fish, 31.3–58.3% were recaptured in the same pools where they had been caught during the study periods of summer (June–August), autumn (August–November) and winter–spring (November to the next June) and no seasonal movement was observed. The mean distances that the fish moved during the study periods ranged from 139.0 to 502.3 m and many movements longer than 1000 m were observed. Between the resident and the moved fish, there was little difference in body length, growth rate or sex. For the fish that had been resident in the same pools and riffles at previous recaptures, most fish were recaptures in the same locations at the next recapture. Conversely, for the fish that moved previously, most fish were recaptured in different locations from previous sites at the next recapture. These results suggest that Japanese charr exhibit relatively high residency throughout the year, but many fish moved longer distance. The results also suggest the presence of static and mobile components in the charr population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00014.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on polishing of Ti and Ag–Pd–Cu–Au alloy with five dental abrasives (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Titanium (Ti) and Ag–Pd–Cu–Au alloy were examined for their polishing behaviour by conducting manually controlled polishing tests using five dental abrasives [carborundum point (CR) and silicone points (R1 and R2)] driven by a high torque micromotor with rotational speeds ranging from 2000 to 15 000 r.p.m. Polishing of Ti resulted in less volume of removal upon polishing, a rougher surface and larger loss of abrasives, compared with polishing of Ag–Pd–Cu–Au alloy. Polishing of Ti with a rotational speed of 15 000 r.p.m. led to the largest volume of removal upon polishing, whilst that of 10 000 r.p.m. produced the optimal volume for Ag–Pd–Cu–Au alloy. It was concluded that Ti was much more difficult to polish, requiring special care (e.g. frequent exchange of abrasives). Development of new abrasives for polishing Ti is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00737.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of polishing and bleaching on the colour of discoloured teeth in vivo (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bleaching is an effective method for restoring the colour of discoloured vital teeth. Power bleaching, in particular, in which a bleaching solution containing 35% hydrogen peroxide is activated by a strong light source using a plasma arc, makes it possible to bleach teeth effectively in a short time. The purpose of this study was to determine how polishing or power bleaching the tooth surface affects tooth colour. The subjects selected were patients who had slightly discoloured teeth. The colour of precisely identified sites on six anterior teeth was measured before treatment, after polishing and after bleaching, to ascertain changes in colour. The measurements revealed that tooth colour changes slightly after polishing, but it shows a much greater change after bleaching, and that the post-bleaching change in tooth colour was caused both by elevation of lightness and reduction of yellowness. They also revealed that the colour difference between pre-treatment and post-bleaching does not depend on the type of tooth. These results suggested that power bleaching is an effective technique for improving slightly discoloured vital teeth, regardless of the type of tooth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2001.00762.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facial asymmetry in patients with cervicobrachial pain and headache (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An increasing number of patients are visiting our hospital who have a chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain and/or headache but who do not have temporomandibular disorders (TMD). We carried out this study with a view to comparing the asymmetry of the facial skeleton or expression of such patients with those of healthy subjects. The incidence of such symptoms of patients and healthy subjects was examined by means of questionnaires. Asymmetry of the facial skeleton of patients was investigated by means of posterioanterior (PA) cephalograms. Facial asymmetry was analysed using the frontal view photographs of faces. We found that the patients had a higher incidence of various symptoms, including fatigability and irritability, in addition to neck and shoulder pain and headache, than the healthy subjects did. Both the healthy subjects and the patients had mandibular skeletal asymmetry to some degree, however, there was no significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, the patients had a greater level of asymmetry of facial expression, chiefly of the lower face, than the healthy subjects did.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2001.00766.x
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