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  • 2000-2004  (15)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time ordering, energy ordering, and factorization (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4497-4507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Relations between integrals of time-ordered product of operators, and their representation in terms of energy-ordered products are studied. Both can be decomposed into irreducible factors and these relations are discussed as well. The energy-ordered representation was invented to separate various infrared contributions in gauge theories. It is shown that the irreducible time-ordered expressions can be used to accomplish the same purpose. Besides, it has the added advantage of being factorizable. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533356
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review: Comparing the Social Policy Experience of Britain and Taiwan (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Social policy and administration 35 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9515
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Catherine Jones Finer (ed.), Comparing the Social Policy Experience of Britain and Taiwan
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00237
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct Tumour Specificity and IL-7 Requirements of CD56−and CD56+ Subsets of Human γδ T Cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: γδ T cells are believed to recognize tissue injury caused by infections, tumours, as well as chemical and physical agents. The present study was carried out to study the feasibility of the ex vivo expansion of γδ T cells from healthy individuals, and to determine their functional capacity against tumours. We selectively expanded the peripheral γδ T cells of five donors against a myeloma cell line, XG-7. Under optimal conditions, the resulting bulk cultures comprised about 82% of the γδ T cells, more than 90% of which showed the T-cell receptor (TCR)-Vγ9δ2 rearrangement. These γδ T-cell cultures exhibited TCR-γδ dependent cytotoxicity against different tumour cell lines including Molt-4, BJAB, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) transformed lymphoid cell lines (LCL), and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines, CNE2 and 915, in addition to the stimulator XG-7. By competitive cytotoxicity assays, the γδ T cells demonstrated recognition of at least three distinct target specificities expressed by Molt-4, CNE2 and LCL, respectively, which were related to that expressed by the stimulator XG-7 cells. The recognition of the specificity expressed by XG-7 and Molt-4 was further shown to require the participation of heat shock protein (HSP). The specificity expressed by CNE2 and 915 was preferentially recognized by the CD56 subset of γδ T cells, which could be sustained in the presence of interleukin (IL)-7. These results suggested that γδ T-cell immunity against tumour cell lines may be acquired in response to other types of tissue injury and, hence, implicates a role for their use in the prevention and treatment of tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00827.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumour necrosis factor-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human eosinophilic leukaemia EoL-1 cells is mediated by the activation of nuclear factor-κB pathway (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been shown to mediate the adhesion and migration of eosinophils to the site of allergic inflammation. However, molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of ICAM-1 in eosinophils are still being elucidated. We investigated the effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on ICAM-1 expression of eosinophils.Methods The surface expression of ICAM-1 on a human eosinophilic leukaemic cell line, EoL-1, was assessed by immunocytochemical staining. The phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was detected by Western blot. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway-related genes were evaluated by the cDNA expression array system, whereas the activity of NF-κB was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).Results TNF-α was found to induce the cell surface expression of ICAM-1. A specific proteasome inhibitor N-cbz-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG-132), but not a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB 203580), was found to suppress the TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 on EoL-1 cells. The gene expressions of ICAM-1, NF-κB and IκBα were up-regulated after the stimulation with TNF-α. Further, TNF-α was shown to induce IκB-α phosphorylation and degradation, thereby indicating the activation of NF-κB. In EMSA, there was a shifted NF-κB band on TNF-α-treated cells with or without SB 203580, but no shifted band was observed on MG-132-treated cells.Conclusion In vitro studies of EoL-1 cells, an eosinophilic leukaemic cell line, confirmed that NF-κB plays an important role in the expression of ICAM-1 and recruitment of eosinophils in allergic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01585.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polymorphism in the coding region of interleukin-13 gene is associated with atopy but not asthma in Chinese children (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Interleukin (IL)-13 is an important cytokine secreted from type 2 helper T lymphocytes. It is essential for modulating IgE synthesis by human B cells. Previous studies showed that polymorphisms in the IL-13 gene were associated with serum total IgE or allergic asthma. The relationship of this marker with sensitization to individual aeroallergens has not been evaluated.Objective We tested whether a polymorphism in the coding region of the IL-13 gene is associated with asthma and atopy in asthmatic children in Hong Kong.Methods We used restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect R130Q genotype in Chinese children with asthma and control subjects. Serum total IgE was measured by microparticle immunoassay and specific IgE to common aeroallergens was measured using fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. Pulmonary function studies were performed using spirometry.Results One hundred and fifty-seven patients and 54 control children were recruited. Their mean serum total IgE concentrations were 994 kIU/L and 473 kIU/L, respectively (P 〈 0.0001). Atopy as defined by ≥ 1 positive RAST was found in 141 patients and 32 control children. The GlnGln form of the R130Q polymorphism in the IL-13 gene was associated with serum total IgE (P = 0.005) as well as specific IgE to Der p 1 (P = 0.021), mixed cockroaches (P = 0.03) and dog (P = 0.003) but not with physician-diagnosed asthma (P = 0.621). In addition, the R130Q polymorphism did not correlate with subjective or objective indicators of asthma severity in our patients.Conclusion Our results suggest that the R130Q polymorphism of the IL-13 gene is associated with elevated serum total and allergen-specific IgE but not asthma in Chinese children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01212.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased macrophage-derived chemokine in exhaled breath condensate and plasma from children with asthma (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Type 2 helper T lymphocyte-specific chemokines including macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and eotaxin are important mediators for allergic airway inflammation.Objective We investigated whether these chemokines can be detected in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and their relation to childhood asthma.Methods Asthmatics recruited from paediatric clinics of a university teaching hospital were classified into intermittent asthma (IA) and persistent asthma (PA) according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. EBC was collected by a disposable collection kit, whereas fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was measured by a chemiluminescence analyser. Concentrations of MDC, TARC and eotaxin in both EBC and plasma were measured using sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The intra-subject reproducibility of exhaled chemokine measurements was determined by co-efficients of variation (CV).Results Forty-eight patients with PA, 36 children with IA and 18 controls were recruited. MDC and eotaxin were present in EBC from nearly all subjects, whereas TARC could be measured in EBC from 33 (32%) subjects only. The median MDC concentration in EBC was higher in PA (117 pg/mL) as compared with IA (106 pg/mL) and controls (105 pg/mL; P=0.003 for both). The median plasma MDC concentration in PA (648 pg/mL) was also higher than that in IA (520 pg/mL; P=0.002) and controls (490 pg/mL; P=0.008). The median plasma TARC concentration was also increased in PA as compared with IA (72 pg/mL vs. 35 pg/mL; P=0.004). MDC concentrations in EBC were lower in patients with PA who received high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (P=0.005). FENO was significantly higher in asthmatics than controls (P〈0.0001), but it was not associated with chemokines in EBC or plasma. The mean (range) CV for measuring MDC, TARC and eotaxin in EBC (n=6) were 5.5 (2.0−7.2%), 8.8 (3.6−14.4%) and 5.2 (2.8−7.9%), respectively.Conclusions Our results suggest that MDC in EBC and MDC and TARC in plasma are increased in children with PA as compared with IA or control. MDC concentrations in EBC are suppressed in patients on high-dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1951.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful treatment of acquired factor VIII inhibitor with cyclosporin (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Acquired factor VIII inhibitor causes a rare but life-threatening form of bleeding disorder, owing to the formation of auto-antibodies against FVIII. Treatment modalities include the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, plasmapheresis and i.v. immunoglobulin. A patient with idiopathic acquired FVIII inhibitor presented with serious bleeding complications resistant to all the above therapeutic modalities. Treatment with cyclosporin, however, resulted in a prompt and complete response. The lack of side-effects and the relatively quick response suggest that cyclosporin may be tried as front line treatment for patients with acquired FVIII inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00837.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different presentation of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of 1863 young and old patients — implications for screening (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To compare the clinico-pathological features of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in young and old patients.Methods : The clinico-pathological characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma were compared in 1863 consecutive patients (121 patients, ≤40 years; 1742 patients, 〉 40 years) seen at a single institution over the last 13 years.Results : Young patients presented more often with pain (P 〈 0.0001), hepatomegaly (P = 0.01) and ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (P = 0.02), whereas old patients presented with ankle oedema (P = 0.001), ascites (P = 0.002) and by routine screening (P = 0.035). Liver function, Child–Pugh grading and indocyanine green test were better preserved in young patients. They also had a higher α-foetoprotein concentration (P = 0.001), larger tumour size (P = 0.001) and more frequent metastasis (P = 0.008), but a similar surgical resection rate (33.6% vs. 28%), to old patients. There was no difference between the two groups in the overall post-resection survival rate, but there was a shorter survival in young patients with unresectable disease (3.6 months vs. 4.6 months, P = 0.004).Conclusion : Young patients with hepatocellular carcinoma often show a later presentation, but a higher resectability rate and similar survival rates, than old patients. The screening programme should include young hepatitis B virus carriers, even in the absence of cirrhosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01912.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-blind, randomized controlled study to assess the effects of lansoprazole 30 mg and lansoprazole 15 mg on 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH in Chinese subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Previous studies have suggested that the acid secretory capacity of the Chinese population is lower than that of the Western population.Aim : To compare the effect of lansoprazole 30 mg and 15 mg once daily on the 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH profiles in Chinese patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Methods : Forty-four patients (male to female ratio, 27 : 17; mean age, 53 years; 55% with oesophagitis) with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were randomized to receive lansoprazole 30 mg or 15 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Measurement of the 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and quality of life was performed at baseline and during the last week of each dosing period.Results : Lansoprazole 30 mg maintained an intragastric pH 〉 4 for 10.5 h vs. 9.6 h for lansoprazole 15 mg (P = 0.44). The percentage total time at oesophageal pH 〈 4 was similar for lansoprazole 30 mg and 15 mg (2.0% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.30). The proportion of patients with complete cure of heartburn and acid regurgitation and the quality of life assessment were similar for lansoprazole 30 mg and 15 mg. Both dosages of lansoprazole were well tolerated and the compliance was 100% in both groups.Conclusion : Lansoprazole dosages of 30 mg and 15 mg once daily provide a satisfactory decrease for oesophageal acid exposure and are equally effective for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the Chinese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2004.01846.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care utilization of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a Chinese population: a population-based study (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Population-based data on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Chinese are lacking. The prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care-seeking behaviour of subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were studied.Methods : Ethnic Chinese (3605) were invited to participate in a telephone survey using a validated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results : A total of 2209 subjects (58% female; mean age, 40.3 years) completed the interview. The annual, monthly and weekly prevalence rates of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were 29.8%, 8.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms were associated with non-cardiac chest pain [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.7–3.1], dyspepsia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4–2.5), globus (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.7), acid feeling in the stomach (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.5–7.5) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5–3.6), but not with dysphagia, bronchitis, asthma, hoarseness and pneumonia. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had a significantly higher anxiety and depression score and required more days off work when compared with subjects without. The frequency of heartburn (P = 0.032), female gender (P 〈 0.001), degree of depression (P = 0.004) and social morbidity (P 〈 0.001) were independent factors associated with health care-seeking behaviour.Conclusion : The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was lower than that in Western populations, but carried a significant socio-economic burden in the studied Chinese population. The frequency of heartburn, female gender and psychosocial factors were associated with health care utilization in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01737.x
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