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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ALTERATION OF GLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT, PATTERN, AND MUTAGENICITY OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA) GROWN ON MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE—AMENDED SOIL (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 5 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was grown on soil (control) or municipal sewage sludge-treated plots. The cabbage was freeze-dried and analyzed for glucosinolate content and pattern. Results showed that cabbage grown on sludge-amended soil contained only half the glucosinolate content of cabbage grown on the control plot. The pattern of individual glucosinolates present was also altered. The sludge-grown cabbage glucosinolate extract was shown to be mutagenic in the non-activated test system of S. typhimurium TA 100. Extracts of both sludge-grown and control cabbage were shown to enhance the mutagenicity on a dose-response basis of aflatoxin B1, benzo(a)pyrene, and captan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1983.tb00465.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicologic studies with japanese quail fed winter wheat grown on municipal sludge-amended soil (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 13 (1984), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Winter wheat was grown on soil amended with 100 dry tons per acre (224 metric tons/ha) of municipal sewage sludge from Syracuse, New York. The grain contained 1.43 and 0.98 ppm (mg/kg) dry weight, respectively, of cadmium and nickel. This wheat was incorporated as 60% of a semi-synthetic diet and fed to male and female Japanese quail for two generations. Male quail from the F1 generation fed sludge-grown wheat showed induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes,i.e., aminopyrene-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, that indicated foreign compounds present in the wheat. Cadmium was significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than controls in kidney, liver, and testes and nickel in the liver of the male quail (F0) fed the sludge-grown grain. Cadmium in kidney and liver (but not in eggs) and nickel in liver was significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than controls in the females fed the sludge-grown wheat. Birds from the F1 generation showed no significantly different (p 〉 0.05) concentrations of cadmium in kidney, liver, or eggs between the two dietary treatments. There were no observable changes in the tissue ultrastructure of liver and kidney as examined by electron microscopy in any of the treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055280
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety evaluation of vegetables cultured on municipal sewage sludge-amended soil (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cabbage, beets, green beans, and butternut squash were grown in control and municipal sewage sludge-treated experimental plots. Freezedried edible portions of each vegetable fed at 25% of the diet to male Fischer rats for 12 weeks, indicated no differences in dietary intake or weight gain, nor were there any differences in blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, a marker for hepatic preneoplastic transformation. Sludge-grown vegetables did not cause any differences in relative liver weight or in activity of the hepatic mono-oxygenases, aminopyrene-N-demethylase, orp-nitroanisole-O-demethylase, when compared to the same vegetable grown on control soil. There were no effects attributable to the sewage sludge treatment on liver cell ultrastructure. The level of cadmium in the kidneys of rats fed sludge-grown beets was twice that of the controls. The results of mutagenesis testing withS. typhimurium and microsomes (S-9) activation indicated a positive dose response with extracts of sludge-grown beans and in the urine of rats consuming sludge-grown beets. Although no overt toxicologic responses were observed in rats fed sludge-grown vegetables, these positive mutagenic changes create uncertainties in evaluation of potential risks involved in using municipal sludge on food-producing land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056065
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  • 14
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    Maternal and Child Health: Use of Health Status Indicators in Coordinating and Targeting Federal Programs (1982)
    New York, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of community health. 7:3 (1982:Spring) 194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0094-5145
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: COMMENTARY
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:q628-1982-007-03-000005
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations of some ionic species in Central Long Island, New York precipitation in relation to meteorological variables (1982)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 17 (1982), S. 309-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Three years of hourly sequential precipitation data from central Long Island, New York were analyzed to determine the concentrations of major anions and cations and their relationships to each other and to meteorological conditions. Findings with respect to sulfate, nitrogen in nitrate plus nitrite, nitrogen in ammonium, chloride and sodium ions and selected ratios are reported here. Concentrations of each of the first three species were highly correlated with concentrations of the others and with hydrogen ions. Little correlation was found between these species and either sodium or chloride ions but the latter two were highly correlated with each other. Concentrations of the first three species are highest in summer and lowest in winter. High concentrations were also found with cold front and squall line precipitation and with rain showers and thundershowers. Concentrations of these species are high with both low and high precipitation rates. Concentrations are highest with west and northwest winds due to the presence of major source regions in those directions. They are high with both low and high temperatures but lower in the moderate temperature range. Concentrations are high with low (3.0 to 3.9) and with high (6.0 to 6.9) pH but less at intermediate levels. Thus, concentrations of these species in precipitation are determined by complex chemical and meteorological interactions and relationships. Chloride and sodium were found to be largely of marine origin. Highest concentrations occur in the fall and with hurricanes, strong winds, and onshore wind directions. Concentrations decrease with increasing precipitation rate. At low concentrations, the chloride/sodium ratio is above the seawater ratio and excess chloride is present. At high concentrations the ratio is below the seawater ratio and a chloride deficit exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283161
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of varying air trajectories on spatial and temporal precipitation chemistry patterns (1982)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 18 (1982), S. 173-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to determine if judicious use of synoptic data and an operational trajectory model could identify probable source regions of anthropogenic pollutants in northeastern United States precipitation and thus relate receptor measurements to emissions data without consideration of the complex intervening meteorological and chemical processes. The storm event of April 8 to 10, 1979, was selected for intensive study. Precipitation chemistry data were obtained from event samples at six MAP3S sampling sites and from hourly samples at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Concentrations of hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions were used as receptor data. Some emissions data for SOx and NOx were obtained from the MAP3S emissions inventory. Surface and upper air meteorological data were analyzed. Backward trajectories ending at each of the sampling sites during the precipitation period were computed with the Heffter Interactive-Terminal Transport Model using selected transport layers. Results show that concentrations of pollutant species in event precipitation samples were much higher at stations at end points of trajectories passing through the Ohio River valley than at stations with other trajectories. Likewise, concentrations at Brookhaven were much higher during the end period of a trajectory through the same region than with more northerly and more southerly tracks. The model produced back trajectories consistent with synoptic flows. Concentrations of air pollutants in precipitation were roughly proportional to the number of major pollutant sources along the trajectory. These results suggest that a larger number of studies might identify more restricted source areas or even establish a quantitative relationship between source emissions along a trajectory and concentrations in precipitation at receptor sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02419411
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency distributions for durations and volumes of rainfalls in the Eastern United States in relation to acidic precipitation (1984)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 23 (1984), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A significant percentage (between 17 and 40%) of all showers recorded on Long Island, NY, Urbana, IL, Franklin, NC, and Seaside Park, NJ, had durations less than 20 min. Similarly, a large percentage had durations less than 40 min (50, 46, and 32% for 3 yr at Urbana, IL, 65% at Coral Gables, FL, 50% at Franklin, NC, and 54% at Seaside Park, NJ). When all data from the six growing seasons were pooled, over 88% of all rainfalls were less than 160 min. Similar results were observed when volume measurements were made. Between 38 and 57% of all recorded showers had less than 1 mm at all five stations in the eastern United States. When all data were pooled, over 65% of all rainfalls were less than 3 mm. These data demonstrate that plant foliage is wetted during the growing season by numerous showers which are of short duration and low volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206975
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidity and conductivity of precipitation on central Long Island, New York in relation to meteorological variables (1981)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 15 (1981), S. 229-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Three years of hourly sequential precipitation samples from central Long Island, New York were analyzed to determine the relationships between acidity and conductivity and concentrations of sulfate, nitrate plus nitrite, nitrogen in ammonium, sodium, and chloride ions. Relationships between precipitation acidity and meteorological conditions were also studied. Hydrogen ion concentrations are similar to those elsewhere in the northeastern United States. They are best correlated with sulfate concentrations but also correlate with concentrations of nitrogen in nitrate plus nitrite and nitrogen in ammonium ion. Concentrations are highest in the summer, with cold front and squall line precipitation and with rain showers and thundershowers. All ions measured contributed to sample conductivity but hydrogen ion contributed the most with sulfate ion second. Conductivity calculated from concentrations of the separate ions agreed well with measured conductivity. Conductivity showed relationships to meteorological conditions similar to those of hydrogen ion concentration except when sodium and chloride ions predominated in the sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00161255
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal and child health (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of community health 7 (1982), S. 194-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3610
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The United States has achieved dramatic improvements in overall maternal and child health status, yet faces disturbingly wide variations in the health status of many population subgroups. The Surgeon General in 1980 published specific quantitative objectives to stimulate further improvements in the health of the American people by 1990. A critical step in meeting relevant objectives is the more effective use at national, state, and local levels of available data, particularly infant, perinatal, neonatal, and maternal mortality rates and the incidence of low weight births. This paper reviews variations in infant mortality rates and five current federal “categorical” programs that aim to improve maternal and child health: Supplemental Feeding Program for Women, Infants and Children; Head Start; Maternal and Child Health; Family Planning; and Community Health Centers. Several examples are cited of effective use of data in the coordination and targeting of resources from these large public programs. Recommendations are made for enhancement of federal maternal and child health programs within current funding levels. These recommendations will be all the more relevant if the Congress enacts block grants to the states with lower total funding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01325515
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presidential Commission on biomedical ethics launched (1980)
    Springer
    The journal of medical humanities 2 (1980), S. 76-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3645
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915261
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