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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermal dimerization of methyl acrylate to dimethyl 2-methyleneglutarate was performed in a high pressure-high temperature flow apparatus at temperatures up to 420°C and pressures up to 200 bar. The head to head dimer dimethyl 2-methyl-3-methylenesuccinate was observed, too. Methyl vinyl ketone and acrylonitrile are able to dimerize analogously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Carbohydrates ; Imidazolidines ; Oxazolidines ; Spiro compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Prochiral 1,3-dihydroxyacetone forms racemic oxazolidine- and oxazoline-type spiro[4.4]nonanes upon reactions with potassium (thio)cyanate and cyanamide. In contrast, 1,3-diaminoacetone yields only the corresponding spiro-bisimidazolidinethione under similar conditions together with monocyclic by-products, but the spiro-bisimidazolidinone is accessible by reaction of 1,3-dichloroacetone with urea. The resolution of the racemic spiro-bisoxazolidinethione 2a was achieved by using brucine as the resolving agent.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3919-3926 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,5-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives: Conformation of Methyl 2,6-Anhydro-α-D-hexopyranosidesRing opening of methyl 2,6:3,4-dianhydro-α-D-altropyranoside (5) with KOH in water at 150°C yields almost exclusively the hitherto unknown methyl 2,6-anhydro-α-D-mannopyranoside (6). 1H NMR spectra of this compound and of all other α-anomers of this series suggest a conformation of the pyranose ring intermediate between the boat 2,5B(D) and the twist boat 5S1(D). This was verified by X-ray analysis of methyl 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-α-D-altropyranoside (2).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1981 (1981), S. 1960-1966 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Methyl 2,6-Anhydro-α-D-mannofuranoside, a By-product of the Methanolysis of Methyl 2,6-Anhydro-α-D-mannopyranosideReaction of methyl 2,6-anhydro-α-D-mannopyranoside (1a) with methanol/HCl yields mainly 2,6-anhydro-D-mannose dimethyl acetal (2a) which gives via isopropylidene compound 5a and ketone 6 by stereoselective reduction of the latter the isomer 7a with altro configuration. As by products are found besides 1a the β-anomer 3a and the title compound 4a in the methanolysis mixture. 4a is the first known representative of this class of anhydro sugars with 2,6-dioxabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane skeleton which is also found in 3,6-anhydrohexopyranosides.
    Notes: Umsetzung von Methyl-2,6-anhydro-α-D-mannopyranosid (1a) mit Methanol in Gegenwart von HCl liefert als Hauptprodukt 2,6-Anhydro-D-mannose-dimethylacetal (2a), das über die Isopropylidenverbindung 5a und das Keton 6 durch dessen stereoselektive Reduktion in das Isomere 7a mit altro-Konfiguration übergeführt werden kann. Als Nebenprodukt der Methanolyse werden neben der Ausgangsverbindung 1a das β-Anomere 3a und die Titelverbindung 4a erhalten. 4a ist der erste bekannte Vertreter dieser Anhydrozuckerklasse, dem das Grundsystem des 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octans zugrunde liegt, das ebenfalls in 3,6-Anhydrohexopyranosiden gefunden wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XV. - Competitive Preparation of 1,6: 2, 5- and 1,6:3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranoses, Ring Opening of 1,6:3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranose1,6-Anhydro-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (1) shows two hydroxy groups in sterically favourable positions for intramolecular substitution at position 5. In accordance with exspectation, heating of 1 in DMF gives a mixture of the dianhydrides 2a and 3, from which the 1,6: 3,5-dianhydride 2a predominates (ratio 2a:3 as 40:1). Treatment of 2a with HCl in methanol opens both anhydro rings yielding the methyl glycofuranosides 4a and 5a of presumably α-D-manno configuration. The mass spectra of all known isomeric dianhydrohexofuranoses, despite anhydro sugar epoxides, are discussed.
    Notes: 1,6-Anhydro-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (1) trägt zwei Hydroxygruppen in Positionen, die jeweils intramolekulare Substitution der Tosylgruppe erlauben sollten. Die Umsetzung von 1 in DMF bei erhöhter Temperatur führt zu den möglichen Dianhydriden 2a und 3, wobei das 1,6: 3,5-Dianhydrid 2a jedoch weitaus überwiegt (Verhältnis 2a:3 wie 40:1). Durch Umsetzung mit HCl in Methanol werden in 2a beide Anhydroringe geöffnet. Hierbei werden die Methyl-glycofuranoside 4a und 5a mit wahrscheinlich α-D-manno-Konfiguration gebildet. Die Massen-spektren der bekannten isomeren Dianhydrohexofuranosen, soweit es sich nicht um Epoxide handelt, werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1591-1596 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XIV. - Selective Monotosylation of 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranoseMonotosylation of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine gives the 5-O-tosylate 2a in high yield (79%). As by-products of the reaction small amounts of the 3-O-monotosylate 3a (0.4%) as well as the 2,5- and 3,5-di-O-tosylates 4a (3.5%) and 5a (1.2%), respectively, are isolated. Product identification was achieved by 1H NMR spectroscopy in comparison with the data for the acetates 2b, 3b, 4b, and 5b. Observed selectivities are rationalized by concerning steric and electronic effects.
    Notes: Die Monotosylierung der 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1) mit Tosylchlorid in Pyridin liefert hochselektiv das 5-O-Tosylat 2a (79%). Daneben konnten in geringer Menge das 3-O-Monotosylat 3a (0.4%) sowie die 2,5- und 3,5-Di-O-tosylate 4a (3.5%) bzw. 5a (1.2%) isoliert werden. Die Identifizierung der Produkte erfolgte durch 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie unter Berücksichtigung der Daten für die Acetate 2b, 3b, 4b und 5b. Die beobachteten Selektivitäten werden unter Beachtung elektronischer und sterischer Faktoren interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Unsaturated Carbohydrates by Ester Pyrolysis, II1).  -  Thermal cis Eliminations from Completely Acetylated AldopyranosesThe pentaacetates 1, 2, 7, and 9 of β-D-glucose, α-D-mannose, β-D-allose, and β-D-galactose and the tetraacetates 13 and 18 of β-D-xylose and β-D-ribose eliminate when dissolved in acetone at temperatures about 350°C in a flow apparatus within 0.5-1 min regioselectively and stereo-selectively the 1-O-acetate group. The respective anomers with trans-bound hydrogen in position 2 do not give this reaction corresponding to the pericyclic elimination mechanism. In a subsequent [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement the primarily formed 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-hex-1-enitols 3 (from 1 or 2), 8, and 10 as well as the 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydropent-1-enitols 14 and 19 yield the α- or β-triacetyl-3-deoxy-hex-2-enopyranoses 4 or 5, 12 and the α- or β-triacetyl-3-deoxy-pent-2-enopyranoses 15 or 16, respectively. These products partially anomerize, e.g. 12 gives 11.  -  By further rearrangement with subsequent acetic acid anhydride elimination 5 and 16 are transformed into the enones 6 and 17.  -  1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-β-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranose (12) is described for the first time. The OH5(D) conformations of 11 and 12 are established by 13C NMR data.
    Notes: Die Pentaacetate 1, 2, 7 und 9 der β-D-Glucose, α-D-Mannose, β-D-Allose und β-D-Galactose sowie die Tetraacetate 13 und 18 der β-D-Xylose und β-D-Ribose, in Aceton gelöst, eliminieren in einer Strömungsapparatur bei Temperaturen um 350°C und Verweilzeiten von 0.5-1 min regioselektiv und stereoselektiv die 1-O-Acetylgruppe. Die jeweiligen Anomeren mit trans-ständigem Wasserstoff in 2-Position gehen entsprechend dem pericyclischem Eliminierungsmechanismus diese Reaktion nicht ein. Die primär gebildeten 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-hex-1-enite 3, (aus 1 oder 2), 8 und 10 sowie die 2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-pent-1-enite 14 und 19 führen nachfolgend in einer [3,3]-sigmatropen Umlagerung zu den α- oder β-Triacetyl-3-desoxy-hex-2-enopyranosen 4 oder 5, 12 bzw. den α- oder β-Triacetyl-3-desoxy-pent-2-enopyranosen 15 oder 16. Es erfolgt jeweils teilweise Anomerisierung, so von 12 zu 11.  -  Durch Umlagerung mit nachfolgender Essigsäureanhydrid-Eliminierung werden aus 5 und 16 die Enone 6 bzw. 17 gebildet.  -  Die 1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-3-desoxy-β-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranose (12) wird erstmalig beschrieben. Die 13C-NMR-Daten beweisen, daß sowohl 11 als auch 12 bevorzugt in einer OH5(D)-Konformation vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Unsaturated Carbohydrates by Ester Pyrolysis, IV1).  -  Thermal cis Eliminations from Completely Acetylated Aldo- and KetofuranosesThermal cis elimination of the anomeric acetyl group in completely acetylated furanoses does not yield the expected hydroxyglycals but gives by further elimination of another molecule of acetic acid substituted furans. Thus, β-D-ribofuranose tetraacetate 1 and β-D-galactofuranose pentaacetate 3 give the furans 2 or 4, respectively. α-D-Fructofuranose pentaacetate 5 equally yields the furan derivative 6. But in this case the E and Z isomers 7 and 8 with exocyclic double bond are also formed. Further rearrangement of these products is not observed.
    Notes: Die thermische cis-Eliminierung der anomeren Acetylgruppe in vollständig acetylierten Furanosen bleibt nicht auf der Stufe des Hydroxyglycals stehen, sondern führt unter Eliminierung eines weiteren Moleküls Essigsäure zu substituierten Furanen. So liefern β-D-Ribofuranosetetraacetat 1 und β-D-Galactofuranosepentaacetat 3 die Furane 2 bzw. 4. Auch α-D-Fructofuranosepentaacetat 5 ergibt den Furanabkömmling 6. Daneben werden jedoch die E- und Z-Isomeren 7 und 8 mit exocyclischer Doppelbindung gebildet. Weitere Umlagerung dieser Produkte wird nicht beobachtet.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Unsaturated Carbohydrates by Ester Pyrolysis, III1).  -  Thermal cis Eliminations from Completely Acetylated KetopyranosesThe pentaacetates 1 and 6 derived from α-L-sorbopyranose and β-D-fructopyranose dissolved in acetone regioselectively eliminate at temperatures of 230-270°C in a flow apparatus within 0.5-1 min the 2-O-acetyl group as acetic acid. Primarily the Z isomers 2 and 7 with exocyclic double bond (1,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-hex-1-enitols) are formed. At higher temperatures the thermodynamically more stable E isomers 3 and 8 are also found. 1H NMR spectra show an equilibrium of alternative chair conformations 2C5 and 5C2 in 2 and 7, but E isomers 3 and 8 exclusively adopt 5C2 conformations with three or in case of 7 two axial substituents. From these compounds the tetraacetyl-2,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-al-hex-2-enoses 4 and 9 are formed by a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement (allyl shift). Their conformation is dominated by the allylic effect. Catalytic hydrogenation of 4 or 9 yields 2,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-al-hexoses 11 and 12 or 13. Unsatured sugars 2 and 3 are reduced to give the 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol derivative 14.
    Notes: Die in Aceton gelösten Pentaacetate 1 und 6 der α-L-Sorbopyranose und der β-D-Fructopyranose eliminieren im Temperaturbereich 230-280°C bei Verweilzeiten von 0.5-1 min in einer Strömungsapparatur regioselektiv die 2-O-Acetylgruppe als Essigsäure. Hierbei werden primär die Z-Isomeren 2 und 7 mit exocyclischer Doppelbindung gebildet (1,3,4,5-Tetra-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-hex-1-enite). Bei höheren Temperaturen werden auch die thermodynamisch stabileren E-Isomeren 3 und 8 gefunden. Aus den 1H-NMR-Spektren ergibt sich, daß bei 2 und 7 ein Gleichgewicht der alternativen Sesselkonformationen 2C5 und 5C2 vorliegt, hingegen die E-Isomeren 3 und 8 ausschließlich 5C2-Konformationen mit drei bzw. zwei axialen Substituenten einnehmen. Als Produkt einer nachfolgenden [3,3]-sigmatropen Umlagerung (Allylverschiebung) werden weiterhin die Tetraacetyl-2,6-anhydro-3-desoxy-al-hex-2-enosen 4 und 9 beobachtet. Ihre Konformation wird durch den „Allyl-Effekt“ bestimmt. Die katalytische Hydrierung von 4 bzw. 9 führt zu den 2,6-Anhydro-3-desoxy-al-hexosen 11 und 12 bzw. 13. Entsprechende Reaktion der ungesättigten Zucker 2 und 3 liefert das 1,5-Anhydro-D-sorbit-Derivat 14.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1332-1344 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective Tosylations of 3,6-Anhydrohexofuranosides with gluco, manno, and gulo ConfigurationSelective monotosylation of methyl 3,6-anhydro-α-D-mannofuranoside (1a) preferentially yields the 5-O-tosylate 1e which opens via nucleophilic substitution access to β-L-gulo derivatives 2 by inversion of configuration at C-5. Analogously reaction of the ditosylate 1b with potassium acetate in dimethylformamide gives L-gulo compounds exclusively. Substitution at C-2 is not observed. Contrary to this, the β-manno derivative 3a is selectively tosylated at 2-position to give 3c which is transformed only after very long reaction times into the gluco series by nucleophilic substitution. Desired conversion of β-manno compounds 3 into α-L-gulo derivatives 4 is achieved only via the ditosylate 3b which is preferentially substituted by inversion of configuration at position 5 yielding 4c. Further insight into the different behaviour of 1a and 3a was gained by equal monotosylation of 2a, 5a, and 6a with β-L-gulo and β- and α-D-gluco configuration, respectively. The obtained results are rationalized by considering steric as well as polar effects.
    Notes: Selektive Monotosylierung von Methyl-3,6-anhydro-α-D-mannofuranosid (1a) ergibt bevorzugt das 5-O-Tosylat 1e, das durch nucleophile Substitution unter Inversion an C-5 den Zugang zu den Derivaten 2 mit β-L-gulo-Konfiguration erlaubt. Auch die Umsetzung des Ditosylates 1b mit Kaliumacetat in Dimethylformamid führt ausschließlich in die L-gulo-Reihe. Eine Substitution an C-2 wird nicht beobachtet. Das β-manno-Derivat 3a hingegen wird bevorzugt in 2-Stellung zu 3c tosyliert, das nur bei extrem langen Reaktionszeiten durch nucleophile Substitution in die gluco-Reihe übergeführt werden kann. Die erwünschte Überführung auch der β-manno-Derivate 3 in die α-L-gulo-Reihe 4 gelingt über das Ditosylat 3b, das bevorzugt in 5-Stellung unter Inversion der Konfiguration zu 4c substituiert werden kann. Zum besseren Verständnis der unterschiedlichen Selektivitäten bei 1a und 3a wurde auch die Monotosylierung von 2a, 5a und 6a mit β-L-gulo-sowie β- und α-D-gluco-Konfiguration untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung sterischer und polarer Faktoren interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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