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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the source size of gas-puff z-pinch plasmas using an inductive pulsed power system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4438-4444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small scale inductive pulsed power (IPP) generator with copper wire fuses as an opening switch has been applied to an argon gas-puff z-pinch plasma which can be used as a point source for x-ray lithography. The IPP generator with fuses supplies a driving current of 60 kA in 400 ns to the z-pinch plasma. Without fuses, the generator serves as a conventional fast bank (FB) system which supplies z-pinch current of 60 kA in 4.5 μs. Characteristics of the z-pinch implosions in IPP and FB systems are investigated and compared. The result obtained shows that the intensity of soft x rays emitted from hot spots in both systems is decreased gradually with longer delay time, which is the time difference between energizing a gas-puff actuator and a primary current trigger. Dual axis pinhole imagery shows that the hot spot size is 0.8 mm in diameter in both systems. However, the average radial displacement of hot spots is 0.9 mm in the FB system and it is reduced to 0.4 mm in the IPP system. Optical framing camera images have confirmed that the radial distribution of hot spots is due to kink instability. The framing images also show that the imploding plasma in the FB system which has a pinch size of 2.2 mm in diameter can be further compressed to 1.3 mm. The IPP system can suppress the kink instability of pinch plasma and increases plasma column uniformity along the z axis. This suggests that the IPP system can improve the stability of the pinched plasma so as to minimize the end-on source size for x-ray lithography applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322576
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin Release From the Photoreceptive Pineal Organ of a Teleost, Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) in Flow-Thorough Culture (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, we tested whether the pineal organ of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), an osmerid teleost close relative of salmonids, harbours a circadian oscillator regulating rhythmic melatonin release using flow-through culture. The pineal organ maintained under light/dark cycles released melatonin in a rhythmic fashion with high levels during the dark phase. A circadian rhythm of melatonin release persisted in constant darkness for at least four cycles. Characteristics of the circadian rhythm (free-running period, phase and amplitude) exhibited small variations among cultures when the data was normalized, indicating that this system is sufficient for the analysis of the circadian rhythm both at qualitative and quantitative levels. Six-hour extension of the light phase from the normal onset time of the dark phase or exposure to constant light for 36 or 48 h before transfer to constant darkness significantly inhibited melatonin release. Phase shifts in the circadian rhythm of melatonin release were also observed. Thus, the ayu pineal organ contains all the three essential components of the circadian system (a circadian clock, the photoreceptor responsible for photic entrainment of the clock, and melatonin generating system as an output pathway). This system should provide a useful model for analysing the physiological and molecular basis of the vertebrate circadian system. In addition, further comparative studies using salmonids and related species including ayu will provide some insight into the evolution of the roles of the pineal organ in the vertebrate circadian system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01132.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro TNP-Specific Antibody Formation by Peripheral Lymphocytes from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 6 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunological reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was assessed by investigating in vitro trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific antibody formation by peripheral lymphocytes. Peripheral lymphocytes from 16 patients with SLE were cultured with TNP conjugated with horse erythrocytes (TNP–HRBC) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The hemolytic plaque assay was used to detect hapten (TNP)-specific antibody-forming cells. Peripheral lymphocytes from normal individuals failed to produce antibody to TNP, whereas SLE lymphocytes produced a significant number of plaque-forming cells. Co-culture experiments with SLE and normal lymphocytes suggested that patients with SLE have a defect in T lymphocytes, leading to abnormal antibody production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb02135.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of urinary binucleated podocytes in IgA nephropathy (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 6 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: We have reported clinico-pathological significance of podocytes excreted in urine in previous papers. During these studies we found the presence of binucleated podocytes in urine. The aim of the present study was to look for the significance of urinary binucleated podocytes in IgA nephropathy.Patients and methods: 123 patients aged 2–25-year-old with various renal diseases were studied: UTI, five cases; nephrotic syndrome, 30 cases; MGN, three cases; MPGN, six cases; Alport syndrome, five cases; lupus nephritis, seven cases; HSPN, 12 cases; IgA GN, 50 cases. A total of 1225 urine samples from these diseases were examined. As a control, 203 urine samples from 100 normal healthy children were examined.Usual IF using monoclonal antibody to podocalyxin was used to detect urinary podocytes and binucleated podocytes.The presence of urinary binucleated podocytes were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopic examination and confocal immunofluorescent examination.Pathological changes were scored into six items: acute intracapillary, chronic intracapillary, acute extracapillary, chronic extracapillary, acute tubulo-interstitial and chronic tubulo-interstitial lesions.Results:〈list style="custom"〉1Urinary binucleated podocytes were found in various renal disases.2In IgA GN, patients with u-binucleated podocytes had significantly higher level of proteinuria.2The number of u-binucleated podocytes paralleled that of u-mononucleated podocytes.4. Patients with u-binucleated podocytes had significantly more acute lesions histologically.Conclusion: Urinary binucleated podocytes were found in IgA GN with acute glomerular lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2001.00011.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary sediment podocalyxin in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch Schoenlein purpura nephritis (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.7.s.35.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary sediment podocalyxin in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch Schoenlein purpura nephritis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2002.tb00545.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glomerular mesangium in hypertension (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Mesangioproliferative nephritis ; Mesangial matrix ; Mesangial cell ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomerular changes were morphometrically studied in renal biopsies of 27 cases of nephrosclerosis showing clinically benign or malignant hypertension and of 15 cases of mild mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with hypertension. In nephrosclerosis, there was a mild increase in mesangial matrix without cell proliferation. The degree of the mesangial changes varied little despite a large variation in blood pressure and showed no significant difference between benign and malignant hypertension. In mild mesangioproliferative nephritis with hypertension, mesangial matrix, as well as the number of mesangial cells, showed an increase of varying degree. A quantitative assessment of the mesangium was proved effective in differentiating the glomerular changes in nephrosclerosis from those in mesangioproliferative nephritis with hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No diabetes-associated mutations in the coding region of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-4γ gene (HNF4G) in Japanese patients with MODY (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1064-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Maturity-onset diabetes of the young ; MODY ; transcription factor ; nuclear receptor ; HNF-4γ ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin ; genetics ; mutation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Mutations in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α are the cause of one form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, MODY1. The HNF-4γ is structurally related to HNF-4α and is expressed together with HNF-4α in pancreatic islets. We therefore tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the HNF-4γ gene (HNF4G) is associated with MODY in Japanese subjects. Methods. We screened the protein coding region of HNF4G (exons 3–11) for mutations in 57 unrelated Japanese subjects with MODY by amplifying each exon and adjacent intron region using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers and then directly sequencing the PCR products. The frequency of each variant was compared between patients with MODY and a group of non-diabetic subjects. Results. We found ten sequence variants, two of these were located in exons: exon 6, a silent substitution in codon 144, c.432A/G and exon 7, a G-to-A substitution in codon 190 (c.570G/A) resulting in a conservative Met-to-Ile substitution (M/I190) in the putative ligand-binding region of HNF-4γ protein. The remaining eight variants were located in introns. There was no significant difference in the frequency of these polymorphisms between subjects with MODY and non-diabetic control subjects. Conclusion/interpretation. Genetic variation in the coding region of HNF4G is unlikely to be a major cause of MODY in Japanese people. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1064–1069]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051491
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Moyamoya Disease (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1275-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Collateral circulation; intracranial-extracranial bypass surgery; moyamoya disease; nitric oxide.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Background. To investigate whether nitric oxide (NO) contributes to formation of abnormal collateral circulation in patients with moyamoya disease.  Methods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from the subarachnoid space of the Sylvian fissure during combined bypass surgery for moyamoya disease and kept frozen until NO metabolites, nitrate and nitrite, were measured using a Griess method.  Results. Compared with control CSF obtained from 18 patients with hemifacial spasm, unruptured aneurysm, etc., concentrations of NO metabolites in 26 CSF samples of 18 patients with moyamoya disease were significantly higher (mean±SE; 17.6±1.2 vs. 10.5±1.0 μM, p〈0.01). In eight patients, the CSF samples from both the first and second operation could be obtained. NO metabolite concentrations (20.5±2.3 μM) in CSF obtained from the first surgery decreased to 15.7±1.8 μM (p〈0.01) in CSF obtained from the second, contralateral procedure. The cases of moyamoya disease with greater development of moyamoya vessels at angiographic stage 3 and 4 tended to show higher concentrations of NO metabolites than cases at earlier or later stages with a few moyamoya vessels.  Interpretation. Nitric oxide concentrations in CSF are chronically elevated in moyamoya disease, probably reflecting development of abnormal collateral circulation. i.e. moyamoya vessels. Vascular bypass surgery can reduce abnormal collateral circulation with reduced production of nitric oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dural haemangioma with extracranial component (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 36 (1977), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare case of dural haemangioma with extracranial component is described. A subcutaneous frontal tumour was thought before operation to have originated in the skull. Angiography showed drainage into the superior sagittal sinus via a cortical vein. Dural haemangioma is thought to be a clinical rarity. Also, an arteriovenous malformation draining into the superior sagittal sinus is rarely encountered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405992
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