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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enslaved bacteria as new hope for plant biotechnologists (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 302-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The most distinguishing feature of the plant cell is a DNA-containing organelle that sets plants apart from all other organisms: the chloroplast. Compelling evidence supports an endosymbiotic origin for chloroplasts. According to this theory, chloroplasts are descendants of formerly free-living cyanobacterial ancestors which entered an endosymbiotic relationship with a pre-eukaryotic cell and were ultimately integrated into the metabolism of the host cell. Chloroplasts retain many prokaryotic features and their gene expression system still closely resembles that of their eubacterial ancestors. During the past decade, our knowledge about chloroplast biology has benefited immensely from a most remarkable methodological breakthrough: the development of transformation technologies for chloroplast genomes. Moreover, recent advances in the manipulation of higher plant chloroplast genomes have created unprecedented opportunities for the genetic engineering of plants and promise to overcome many of the problems associated with conventional transgenic technologies. This review describes the state of the art in genetic engineering of higher plant chloroplast genomes and highlights the tremendous potential of these technologies for the biotechnology of the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000397
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoreszenzmikroskopische Darstellung Aldehydfuchsin-positiver Substanzen mit Crotonaldehyd-Diaminobenzophenon (1970)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 21 (1970), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren zur elektiven Fluorochromierung Aldehydfuchsin-positiver Gewebsstrukturen beschrieben. Bei dem verwendeten Fluorochrom handelt es sich um eine Verbindung, die aus Crotonaldehyd und 4,4′-Diamino-benzophenon entsteht. Die nach dieser Methode gefärbten Schnitte können ohne Beeinträchtigung ihrer Fluoreszenz in Eukitt eingeschlossen und aufbewahrt werden. Das fluoreszenzoptische Verhalten der mit „Crotonaldehyd-Diaminobenzophenon“ fluorochromierten Strukturen wird mikrospektrofluorometrisch untersucht.
    Notes: Summary A staining procedure is described for the specific fluorochromation of tissue structures which are aldehyde fuchsin-positive. The fluorochrome is formed by a reaction of crotonaldehyde with 4,4′-diamino-benzophenone. The tissue sections stained by this technique can be mounted and preserved in Eukitt without alteration of their fluorescence. Structures fluorochromized with “crotonaldehydediaminobenzophenone” have been investigated by means of microspectrofluorometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306185
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoreszenzmikroskopischer Nachweis von Arginin im Neurosekret von Säugern (1971)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 25 (1971), S. 152-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Hunden, Hausschweinen, Wistarratten und Albinomäusen wurde das Vorkommen von Arginin im Neurosekret des supraoptico-hypophysären Systems mit der von Rosselet angegebenen Fluoreszenzreaktion untersucht. Das Verfahren basiert auf der Bildung einer fluoreszierenden Verbindung durch Anlagerung eines im alkalischen Milieu entstehenden Umwandlungsproduktes des Ninhydrins an die Guanidogruppe des Arginins. Bei allen aufgeführten Spezies zeigte das neurosekretorische Material im Hypophysenhinterlappen eine positive Argininreaktion. Auch in den Zellen der Nuclei supraopticus und paraventricularis konnte bei allen Spezies mit Ausnahme der Maus Arginin nachgewiesen werden. Dagegen ließen sich mit der Methode bei keiner Spezies die Fasern des Tractus supraoptico-hypophyseus hervorheben. Die Argininspezifität der Reaktion wurde durch mikrospektrographische Untersuchungen bestätigt. Aus dem Nachweis von Arginin im Neurosekret des Schweines folgt, daß es sich bei dem neurosekretorischen Material nicht um die Hinterlappenhormone selbst, sondern nur um deren Trägerproteine handeln kann.
    Notes: Summary In the neurosecretory material of the supraoptico-hypophysial system of dogs, pigs, rats, and mice arginine was shown to occur by means of the method of Rosselet. This method is based on the fact that arginine reacts with a ninhydrin derivate to give a fluorescent compound which can be localized in histological sections. In all species investigated, the neurosecretory material in the pituitary posterior lobe has been found to give a positive reaction. In addition, arginine was found in the nerve cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of all species except mice. In contrast, no arginine could be demonstrated in the tractus supraoptico-hypophyseus of any of the species investigated. The arginine specificity of the reaction was confirmed by microspectrographic investigations. From the finding that the neurosecretory material of pigs contains arginine it can be concluded, that this material is not identical with the posterior lobe hormones, because in the pig these hormones are free of arginine. It is thus likely that the neurosecretory material represents the carrier protein of the hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279113
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Spaltbarkeit verschiedener Naphthol-Carbonsäureester durch Esterasen im Tanycytenependym des III. Ventrikels der Wistarratte (1970)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 21 (1970), S. 353-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Tanycytenependym des III. Ventrikels kommen bei der Wistarratte unspezifische, E 600-empfindliche und gegenüber p-Chlormercuribenzoat resistente Esterasen vor. Um diese Enzyme histochemisch weiter zu charakterisieren, wurde ihre Fähigkeit geprüft, verschiedene Naphthol-Carbonsäureester bei Anwesenheit von Lösungsvermittlern zu spalten. Es zeigte sich hierbei ein unterschiedliches Verhalten der Esterasen in Ganglienzellen und Tanycyten. In letzteren weist von verschiedenen homologen Carbonsäureestern des α-Naphthols der Buttersäureester die höchste Spaltungsrate auf; Acetatester der Naphthol-AS-Reihe ergeben unterschiedliche, aber stets schwächere Reaktionen als α-Naphthylacetat. Wie in früheren Untersuchungen wurden Unterschiede im Verhalten der Esterasen-Aktivität in Perikaryen und Fortsätzen der Tanycyten beobachtet. — Auf Grund der Befunde wird die Möglichkeit einer Einschaltung der Tanycytenesterasen in die Erregungsübertragung diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In the Wistar rat, the tanycytes of the IIIrd ventricle contain unspecific esterases which are E 600 sensitive and are not inhibited by p-chlormercuribenzoate. To further investigate the character of these enzymes, their ability to split various naphtholcarbonic acid esters in the presence of organic solvents was tested. It was hereby established that the esterases of the tanycytes behave differently to those of the diencephalic nerve cells. In the tanycytes among various homologous carbonic acid esters of α-naphthol applied, α-naphthyl butyrate shows the highest splitting ratio; with acetate esters of AS-naphtholes differing but always weaker reactions are obtained than with α-naphthyl-acetate. As in a former study, behavioral divergencies of esterase activity in the tanycyte perikaria and processes were observed. — On the basis of these findings the possibility is discussed that the esterases of the tanycytes might play a role in synaptic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280904
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemische Eigenschaften der unspezifischen Esterasen im Tanycytenependym des III. Ventrikels, im Subfornicalorgan und im Subcommissuralorgan der Wistarratte (1971)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 28 (1971), S. 170-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 40 männlichen Wistarratten wurden histochemisch differenzierbare Eigenschaften der unspezifischen Esterasen in den Tanycyten des III. Ventrikels, im Subfornicalorgan (SFO) und im Subcommissuralorgan (SCO) miteinander verglichen. Aus den Befunden geht hervor, daß die Esterasen des SFO in ihrem Verhalten denen der Tanycyten nahezu vollständig gleichen, während die Esterasen des SCO einen gänzlich anderen Typ verkörpern. Dieses Ergebnis könnte auf eine funktionelle Verwandtschaft von Tanycyten und Subfornicalorgan hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary In 40 male Wistar rats, a comparative study was made between the histochemically distinguishable properties of the unspecific esterases in the tanycytes of the third ventricle, in the subfornical organ (SFO) and in the subcommissural organ (SCO). The results show that the esterases of the SFO behave in an almost identical manner to those of the tanycytes, whereas the esterases of the SCO are of a completely different type. This finding could be an indication of a functional relationship between the tanycytes and the subfornical organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279861
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of various corticoids on the augmentation of “Gomori-positive” granules in the median eminence of the rat following adrenalectomy (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 280 (1973), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Corticotropin-Releasing Factor ; Corticoids ; Median Eminence ; Rat ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 465 female Wistar rats the influence of an i.m. injection of various natural or synthetic corticoids on the augmentation of “Gomori-positive” granules in the outer layer of the median eminence following bilateral adrenalectomy has been investigated. While the augmentation of the granules is not impaired by progesterone it is inhibited or completely blocked, depending on the dose and the manner of application, by 11-desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, 9α-fluorocortisol, prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone and fluoroformylone. The doses necessary to suppress the augmentation of the granules correspond to those shown by other authors to be required for blocking ACTH-secretion. The inhibitory effect of the investigated corticoids on the augmentation of the granules is related to their antiphlogistic potency. The findings suggest that the amount of the “Gomori-positive” granules in the outer layer of the median eminence of the rat might be used as a parameter of the activity of the corticotropin-releasing factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505354
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Bildung von Spuren von Kohlenmonoxid durch Saccharomyces cerevisiae und andere Mikroorganismen (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Carbon Monoxide Trace-Measurement ; 14C-Glucose ; CO Production ; Atmospheric Cycle of Trace Gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Mit einer empfindlichen Analysenmethode, die auf die Reaktion CO+HgO→CO2+Hg basiert und den CO-Gehalt auf Grund der Absorption des freigesetzten Hg bei 2537 Å ermittelt, wurden im Gasraum über wachsenden Kulturen von Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. oviformis, Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas spec. und Lactobacillus brevis 0.4–2.6 ppm CO nachgewiesen. Bei Lactobacillus arabinosus, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides und Aspergillus niger war eine CO-Bildung nicht meßbar. 2. Bei S. cerevisiae war die CO-Bildung bei Konzentrationen von 10–50 g Glucose pro Liter Medium am größten. Außerdem wurde die CO-Bildung proportional zum anfänglichen Sauerstoffgehalt im Gasraum über den Kulturen gefördert. 3. Mit 14C-markierter Glucose wurde nachgewiesen, daß CO aus Glucose entsteht. 4. Die CO-Bildung der untersuchten Mikroorganismen ist so gering, daß sie keine Bedeutung für den Kreislauf dieses Spurengases in der Atmosphäre hat.
    Notes: Summary 1. Growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. oviformis, Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas spec. and Lactobacillus brevis produce trace amounts of CO (0.4–2.6 ppm) that can be detected in the gas space above the cultures using a sensitive analytical method based on the reaction CO+HgO→CO2+Hg. The liberated Hg is quantitatively measured by atomic absorption at 2537 Å. No CO could be detected above cultures of Lactobacillus arabinosus, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides and Aspergillus niger. 2. The maximum CO production by Saccharomyces was obtained with concentrations of 10–50 g glucose per liter medium. The amount of CO formed increased with the oxygen concentration in the gas space above the cultures. 3. Using 14C-glucose it was shown that S. cerevisiae forms CO from glucose. 4. The formation of CO by the microorganisms investigated is very small. The ratio of CO/CO2 produced is much smaller than in environmental air. Therefore it can be concluded that the production of CO by these microorganisms has probably no significance for the atmospheric cycle of this trace gas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446321
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A behavioral correlate of blood-group discordance in dizygotic twins (1970)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 1 (1970), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La variance des scores du test d'intelligence verbale de Wechsler à l'intérieur de paires de jumeaux dizygotes a été comparée pour un groupe de jumeaux concordants et pour un groupe de jumeaux discordants pour chacun des quatre systèmes de groupes sanguins (ABO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy). On a trouvé une variance significativement supérieure chez les jumeaux discordants pour les systèmes Rh et Duffy. On envisage plusieurs explications possibles, mais il semble que la cause la plus probable soit le “linkage” entre la localisation du gène du groupe sanguin et d'un gène important pour l'intelligence verbale. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG-Die Intrapaarvarianz verbaler Intelligenztestscores (Wechsler) bei dizygoten Zwillingen mit übereinstimmender bzw. verschiedener Blutgruppe (ABO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy) wurde verglichen. Für zwei der vier untersuchten Blutgruppen (Rh und Duffy) wurde signifikant grössere Yarianz zwischen Zwillingen gefunden, die unterschiedlichen Blutgruppen angehörten. Verschiedene mögliche Erklärungen dieses Ergebnisses werden erwogen; “linkage” des Genortes für die betreffende Blutgruppe mit dem Locus eines der wichtigeren Gene für verbale Intelligenz wird als die wahrscheinlichste vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract Within pair variances of Wechsler verbal intelligence test scores have been compared for fraternal twins that are concordant and those that are discordant for each of four bloodgroup system (ABO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy). Significantly increased variances for twins discordant for the Rh system and for Duffy were found. Several possible explanations are considered but it is proposed that linkage between the bloodgroup locus and the locus of a major gene for verbal intelligence is the most likely cause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071824
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Frage der objektiven Wünschelrutenkontrolle mit magnetometrischen Apparaten (1936)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 24 (1936), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474454
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoreszenzmikroskopischer Nachweis von Arginin im Neurosekret des Schweines mit Phenanthrenchinon (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 456-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory material ; Carrier protein ; Arginine ; Phenanthrenequinone ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Neurosekret im Hypophysenhinterlappen des Schweines enthält Arginin. Dieser in einer voraufgegangenen Untersuchung mit Hilfe der Ninhydrin-Reaktion erhobene Befund wird durch die vorliegende Mitteilung bestätigt, bei der zum Argininnachweis die Phenanthrenchinon-Reaktion benutzt wurde. Aus den Befunden ist zu folgern, daß das Neurosekret als Äquivalent der Trägerproteine anzusehen ist, da die Hormone selbst beim Schwein argininfrei sind.
    Notes: Summary By using the phenanthrenequinone-reaction it is shown that the neurosecretory material in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis in pigs contains arginine. This finding confirms results previously obtained by using the ninhydrine reaction. Since in pigs the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are free of arginine, the findings indicate that the neurosecretory material represents the carrier proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936079
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