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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (6)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects pepsinogen release by a nontoxic mechanism. We hypothesized that this effect was characteristic of the organism and related to the clinical status of the strain.Materials and methods. LPS was isolated from 11 H. pylori strains whose pathogenic profile was known and four other nongastric bacteria. The effects of luminal LPS on guinea pig gastric mucosal pepsinogen release was evaluated using the Ussing chamber technique. CCK-8 (10−9M) was used as a positive control.Results. H. pylori LPS dose-dependently stimulated pepsinogen release with a maximal stimulation at 250 µg/ml (~4500%; p 〈 .001 vs. control). LPS from other Helicobacter or Campylobacter species had no effect on pepsinogen release. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in the efficacies of pepsinogen release between the 11 clinical H. pylori strains (p 〈 .0001) despite the fact that they were all cagA+ and 90% had the cytotoxic vacA subtype s1. Physical and chemical disruption of the LPS suggested that both the structure and the carbohydrate composition of this molecule may play a critical role in pepsinogen release. Polymyxin B partly (p 〈 .03) inhibited and dephosphorylation completely inhibited (p = .0002) LPS-stimulated pepsinogen release.Conclusion. Pepsinogen release is an innate property of all cagA+H. pylori LPS. The structure of the molecule and composition of side-chains are important in this response which appears to be partially lipid A driven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 5 (1970), S. 16-24 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. On a étudié certaines caractéristiques ayant trait au traitement et à la capacité de travail chez les membres — répartis sur tout le pays — d'un club d'agoraphobes. On a envoyé 1500 questionnaires concernant le status psychiatrique et social et 80% d'entre eux ont été retournés dûment remplis. Des entretiens avec des membres et des parents ont confirmé l'image obtenue par les réponses au questionnaire. Ceux qui n'avaient pas répondu à ce questionnaire étaient semblables à ceux qui l'avaient fait quant à l'âge, l'âge au début des phobies, le pourcentage d'hommes et l'état civil. Parmi ceux qui n'avaient pas répondu, il y en avait plus qui n'avaient pas reçu de traitement. 2. 95% de l'échantillon étaient des femmes, 80% étaient mariés, l'âge moyen était de 42 ans, la durée moyenne du symptôme de 13 ans. Moins d'un cinquième avaient des parents présentant les mêmes phobies. Parmi ceux qui avaient rempli le questionnaire, 5% seulement n'avaient jamais cherché d'aide médicale pour leurs phobies, 95% avaient consulté un médecin généraliste et 67% avaient vu un psychiatre pour leurs phobies. Trois groupes de symptômes dominaient le tableau clinique: phobies du type agoraphobique, symptômes psychiatriques additionnels et craintes sociales. 3. L'absence de traitement médical était liée davantage à la personnalité qu'aux variables de la maladie. Il apparut que les phobiques non soignés n'avaient pas cherché d'aide médicale parce qu'ils étaient trop timides ou anxieux pour demander l'aide de qui que ce soit. Ils se confiaient moins à leurs proches et aux étrangers, étaient très timides et anxieux en société, et étaient moins rassurés par la présence d'autres gens. 4. Le traitement psychiatrique était davantage une fonction de la maladie que de variables sociales ou personnelles. Un traitement psychiatrique antérieur était associé à une gravité accrue tant des phobies que des symptômes additionnels. Une hospitalisation antérieure était liée aux troubles les plus graves. 5. Un plus petit nombre de femmes agoraphobes — par rapport à la population générale — avait un emploi. Une activité professionnelle était associée à une personnalité extravertie, sociable, indépendante, à un âge relativement jeune, à un revenu modeste, à la résidence dans les grandes villes, au fait d'être célibataire ou d'avoir peu d'enfants. Il n'y avait pas de corrélation entre l'activité professionnelle et une crainte accrue de la solitude. 6. 60% des femmes disaient qu'elles voulaient travailler mais qu'elles ne pouvaient pas. Cellesci étaient plus extraverties, sociables et indépendantes que les ménagères satisfaites de leur sort, mais elles étaient par contre plus gravement malades, plus jeunes et leurs revenus étaient plus modestes. Il semble que le désir de travailler était fonction à la fois des frustrations supplémentaires causées par les restrictions phobiques à une personnalité vive et de la gravité accrue de la maladie.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1. Die über das ganze Land verbreiteten Mitglieder eines agoraphobischen Clubs wurden auf die Merkmale hin untersucht, die mit der Behandlung und der Arbeitsfähigkeit verbunden waren. 1500 Fragebögen über den psych-iatrischen und sozialen Zustand wurden verschickt, und 80% davon wurden ausgefüllt zurückgesandt. Interviews von Mitgliedern und Verwandten bestätigten das Bild, das aus den Reaktionen auf die Fragebögen gewonnen worden war. Nichtbeantworter glichen den Beantwortern hinsichtlich des Alters, des Alters zu Beginn der Phobien, des Anteils der Männer und des Familienstandes. Die Nichtbeantworter hatten häufiger keine Behandlung gehabt. 2. 95% des Samples waren Frauen, 80% waren verheiratet, das mittlere Alter war 42, die mittlere Symptomdauer lag bei 13 Jahren. Weniger als 1/5 hatte Verwandte mit ähnlichen Phobien. Nur 5% der Beantworter hatten niemals wegen ihrer Phobien ärztliche Hilfe gesucht, 95% hatten wegen ihrer Phobien praktische Ärzte und 67% Psychiater aufgesucht. Drei Gruppen von Symptomen beherrschten das klinische Bild —agoraphobische Typen, zusätzliche psychiatrische Symptome und soziale Ängste. 3. Der Mangel an ärztlicher Behandlung war häufiger mit der Persönlichkeit als mit Krankheitsvariablen verbunden. Unbehandelte Phobiker versäumten wahrscheinlich, ärztliche Hilfe zu suchen, weil sie zu scheu oder zu ängstlich waren, um irgend jemanden um Hilfe zu bitten. Sie vertrauten Nahestehenden und Fremden weniger, hatten einen hohen Score bei sozialer Schüchternheit und sozialer Angst und wurden durch die Gegenwart anderer Leute weniger ermutigt. 4. Die psychiatrische Behandlung war mehr eine Funktion der Krankheit als von sozialen oder Persönlichkeitsvariablen. Vorausgegangene psychiatrische Behandlungen kamen mit einem erhöhten Schweregrad sowohl der Phobien als auch der mit ihnen verknüpften psychiatrischen Symptome vor. Vorausgegangene Vollhospitalisierung korrelierte von allen mit der größten Schwere und Beeinträchtigung. 5. Agoraphobische Frauen standen gegenüber der allgemeinen Bevölkerung seltener im Beruf. Berufstätigkeit ging mit einer extravertierten, umgänglichen, unabhängigen Persönlichkeit einher, mit jüngerem Alter, niedrigerem Einkommen, mit Wohnsitz in Großstädten, Ledigsein und geringer Kinderzahl. Berufstätigkeit war nicht mit mehr Furcht vor Alleinsein verbunden. 6. 60% der Frauen sagten, daß sie arbeiten wollten, aber es nicht konnten. Sie waren mehr extravertiert, umgänglich und unabhängig als zufriedene Hausfrauen, aber waren auch schwerer krank, jünger, mit niedrigerem Einkommen. Der Wunsch zu arbeiten, erschien sowohl als Funktion der zugefügten Frustation, die die Einschränkung der Phobien bei einer lebhaften Persönlichkeit verursachten, als auch der erhöhten Schwere der Krankheit.
    Notes: Summary 1. Nationwide members of an agoraphobic club were surveyed for characteristics associated with treatment and ability to work. One-thousand five hundred questionnaires about psychiatric and social status were sent out, and 80% of these were returned completed. Interviews of members and relatives confirmed the picture obtained from questionnaire replies. Non-responders were similar to responders regarding age, age of onset of phobias, percentage who were male, and marital status. More non-responders had not had treatment. 2. Ninety-five percent of the sample were women, 80% were married, mean age was 42, mean symptom duration 13 years. Less than a fifth had relatives with similar phobias. Only 5% of responders have never sought medical aid for their phobias, 95% had seen G.P.'s and 67% had seen psychiatrists for their phobias. Three groups of symptoms dominated the clinical picture-agoraphobic type phobias, associated psychiatric symptoms, and social fears. 3. Lack of medical treatment was associated more with personality than with illness variables. Untreated phobies appeared to fail to seek medical aid because they were too shy or anxious to ask help of anybody. They confided less in intimates and strangers, scored high on social timidity and social anxiety, and were less comforted by the presence of other people. 4. Psychiatric treatment was a function more of illness than of social or personality variables. Past psychiatric treatment was associated with increased severity both of phobias and of associated symptoms. Past inpatient admission was correlated with the greatest severity and handicap of all. 5. Fewer agoraphobic women were employed than in the general population. Employment was associated with an extroverted, sociable, independent personality, younger age, low income, residence in large towns, being single, and having few children. Employment was not associated with more fears of being alone. 6. Sixty percent of the women said they wanted to work but couldn't. These were more extroverted, sociable and independent than contented housewives, but were also more severely ill, younger, with lower income. Desire to work seemed a function both of added frustration which the restrictions of phobias caused in a lively personality, and of increased severity of illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 16 (1971), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Emptying of liquids from the stomach was studied in 19 patients who had had a vagotomy and pyloroplasty and the results compared with 12 patients with duodenal ulcers and 9 patients with normal upper gastrointestinal tracts. The patterns of gastric emptying after vagotomy and pyloroplasty was found to consist of a very rapid initial emptying phase followed by emptying at a rate rather faster than in the other two groups. There was no difference in the gastric emptying of patients with duodenal ulcer and those with a normal gastrointestinal tract. Patients who complained of postprandial fullness and dumping after vagotomy and pyloroplasty had extremely rapid initial gastric emptying, more than half the test solution leaving the stomach almost immediately. Three patients who had postoperative gastric ulcers, 2 patients with vomiting since operation and 1 with postvagotomy persistent diarrhea showed a starting index and half-life similar to those of asymptomatic postoperative patients and only minor differences in the emptying time. Serial tests at varying intervals during the weeks after operation showed the gastric emptying of liquids was faster than normal from the earliest postoperative test. Over the succeeding weeks, emptying became still faster and probably reached a static state in 2 or 3 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 17 (1972), S. 489-494 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Exocrine pancreatic function was studied by means of secretin/pancreozymin stimulation in 50 patients with small bowel disease. Forty-five patients had clinical and biochemical evidence of malabsorption. In none of the patients was there evidence of primary pancreatic disease. Impaired amylase or bicarbonate concentration was found in 62% of the patients; however, in only 6 was there gross pancreatic insufficiency and in only 2 of these was the volume output also decreased. Insufficient dietary protein intake, malabsorption and protein loss in the bowel, with subsequent amino acid and albumin deficiency, are suggested as major causes of pancreatic dysfunction in small bowel disease. In some cases a combination of factors, including folic acid deficiency and chronic malnutrition secondary to intestinal disease with weight loss, are likely causes. In this series, pancreatic function was abnormal in 78% of patients with low serum albumin and 52% of patients with normal serum albumin. The pancreatic insufficiency in intestinal disease is rarely as pronounced as that found in pancreatic steatorrhea; there is usually little difficulty in distinguishing the two, although the secretin/pancreozymin test is not completely discriminatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 15 (1970), S. 1117-1121 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 18 (1973), S. 847-850 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of test meals containing different proportions of fat, protein, carbohydrate, water, or sodium chloride on exocrine pancreatic secretion was investigated in 9 control subjects. A total of 34 test meals were studied. Volume measurements were of no significance in the different test meals as there were marked fluctuations. The pH of duodenal aspirate remained fairly constant throughout the test. With very few exceptions there were no statistically significant differences between the pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase concentrations following the various test meals. This study shows that different types of food given orally stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion in a similar way. The results confirm previous reports, that there is no adaptive response of pancreatic enzymes to a single administration of different types of food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of sexual behavior 3 (1974), S. 227-248 
    ISSN: 1573-2800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Twelve persistent exposers underwent three different psychological treatments in a balanced Latin-square design. The treatments were aversion, self-regulation, and muscular relaxation, the last chosen as a control method unlikely to have a specific effect on the target problem. Each patient received every treatment, one treatment per week. The treatments were given over 3 consecutive weeks, with eight therapist sessions per week. The same amount of therapist time was devoted to each treatment. Measures of change were necessarily based mainly on self-report. The order of efficacy of the three treatments was aversion first and self-regulation second, with relaxation being last and ineffective. Aversion produced significant improvement on four measures, self-regulation on two measures, and relaxation on none. Aversion was significantly superior to relaxation on two measures and to self-regulation on two measures. Self-regulation was significantly superior to relaxation on one measure. Aversion was most effective when given as the first treatment, while self-regulation was potentiated when preceded by aversion. During followup to 1 year, there were some reexposures and reconvictions, but significant improvement continued despite the pretreatment chronicity and severity of the disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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