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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A heterodyne refractometer for air index of refraction and air density measurements (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1934-1938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We briefly describe a heterodyne refractometer developed at the BIPM in collaboration with the BNM/INM conservatory. The heart of the refractometer, a double Fabry–Perot interferometer, is placed inside the balance case of a very sensitive 1 kg mass comparator, the FB2 balance. Comparisons between methods using refractometry and the NPL revised Edlén formulas, carried out for a period of nine months, yielded a difference in air index of refraction of 4×10−8 with a standard deviation of 1×10−8. The variation of air index of refraction was about 1.5×10−5 during the study. Precise determinations of the short-term and long-term stability of the Fabry–Perot cavity, made of Zerodur, were also achieved. For monitoring air density, results obtained with the refractometry method were compared with those deduced from two other methods: the CIPM formula for the density of moist air and the use of buoyancy artifacts. The response characteristics for the three determinations were comparable and the agreement among the air density determinations was within 1×10−5 kg m−3. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459091
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of protective immunity in blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas), against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrioanguillarum by A. hydrophila major adhesin (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas), were intraperitoneally immunized with major adhesin, a 43 kDa OMP protein isolated from fish Aeromonas hydrophila, in the presence of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Three weeks later, a booster injection of adhesin without FCA was administered. Control group fish were similarly treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and FCA. Results showed that anti-adhesin serum obtained from fish after booster immunization exhibited very strong ability in agglutinating bacterial cells. Although this antiserum had no bactericidal effect, it could significantly inhibit serologically different strains of A. hydrophila from invading EPC (Epithelioma papillosum of carp) cells in vitro. In addition, the proliferative response of head kidney leucocytes of these immune fish was significantly increased as compared to that of the control. The results also showed that the major adhesin could provide significant protective immunity to fish against the challenge by homologous and heterologous strains of A. hydrophila and one virulent strain of Vibrio anguillarum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00229.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophilic acidification of dairy wastewater (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Acidification of simulated dairy wastewater was conducted in an upflow reactor at 55 °C. Results showed that the degree of acidification decreased with the increase in chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate, from 60.8% at 4 g l−1 day−1 to 27.1% at 24 g l−1 day−1. Carbohydrate was readily degraded at all loading rates, but degradation of protein and lipid decreased with the increase in loading rate. Most carbohydrate degradation occurred at the reactor bottom, whereas protein was degraded mainly after the carbohydrate became depleted. The predominant acidification products were acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol, whereas formate, i-butyrate, valerate, i-valerate, caproate, lactate, methanol, propanol and butanol were present in lesser quantities. The increase in loading rate resulted in the increase of propionate and the decrease of acetate, but had little effect on ethanol and butyrate productions. Only 2.5–8.8% of influent COD was converted to hydrogen and methane. The biomass yield was 0.30–0.43 mg VSS mg−1 COD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000390
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surveys of Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil and Groundwater at Industrial Sites in Taiwan (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 65 (2000), S. 654-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeat transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 134-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Hyperhidrosis — Repeat sympathectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Patients undergoing an unsuccessful sympathectomy experience dryness on one hand and excessive sweating on the other. This is embarrassing for the patients, and resolution of both a previous failed sympathectomy and recurrent hyperhidrosis is important. Methods: From September 1995 to January 1998, 24 patients (11 men and 13 women; mean age, 28.2 years) underwent repeat transthoracic sympathectomy (TES). The repeat TES was performed with patients under general anesthesia using either a standard single-lumen endotracheal tube (12 patients) or a double-lumen endotracheal tube (12 patients). Ablation of T2 and T3 ganglia and any Kuntz fiber was performed in treating patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, and a similar procedure was performed on T3 and T4 ganglia for patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Results: The reasons for failure of the previous TES were pleural adhesion (14/24), intact T2 ganglion (5/24), aberrant venous arch drainage to the superior vena cava (2/24), incomplete interruption of sympathectic nerve (2/24), and possible reinnervation (1/24). The mean operation time was 28 min (range, 18–72 min). In all, 23 patients had a satisfactory result, without recurrence of palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis. The mean follow-up time was 22 months (range, 5–30 months). The average hospital stay was 1.8 days. There was no surgical mortality. Conclusion: Repeat TES is a safe and effective method for treating both an unsuccessful sympathectomy and recurrent palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900084
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Almost Surely Convergent Global Optimization Algorithm Using Noise-Corrupted Observations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 104 (2000), S. 343-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: random search ; stochastic approximation ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new recursive algorithm for searching the global minimizer of a function is proposed when the function is observed with noise. The algorithm is based on switches between the stochastic approximation and the random search. The combination of SA with RS is not a new idea in such combination, the difficulty consists in creating a good switching rule and in designing an efficient method to reduce the noise effect. The proposed switching rule is easily realizable, the noise reducing method is effective, and the whole recursive optimization algorithm is simply calculated. It is proved that the algorithm a.s. converges to the global minimizer and is asymptotically normal. In comparison with existing methods, the proposed algorithm not only requires much weaker conditions, but also is more efficient as shown by simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004661730014
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