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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red blood cells regulate eosinophil chemotaxis by scavenging RANTES secreted from endothelial cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Eosinophils play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. CC chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal, T cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), are key regulators of eosinophil locomotion. Although eosinophils migrate from the bloodstream into tissues, mechanisms that generate a chemogradient across the endothelium remain to be fully elucidated.Objective We first examined the polar secretion of RANTES by endothelial cells. We also studied the functional scavenging effect of red blood cells (RBCs) on RANTES secreted into the intravascular side.Methods and results Endothelial cells were cultured in a transwell chamber with a membrane pore size of 0.45, 3.0, and 8.0 μm and stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1β, or IFN-γ from the apical or basolateral side for 16 h. The measurement of RANTES in the supernatant was performed by ELISA. We did not see any difference in the amount of RANTES secreted from the cytokine-stimulated endothelium between inner (intravascular side) and outer (extravascular side) wells separated by the 8.0-μm membrane, although apical polarization was observed with the 0.45-μm membrane. The addition of RBCs (hemoglobin (Hb): 0.5–15 g/dL) to the apical supernatant of TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells reduced the RANTES level in a concentration-dependent manner. The treatment of supernatant on the intravascular side with RBCs significantly enhanced the migration of eosinophils.Conclusion RBCs possess a scavenging effect on intravascular RANTES, and thereby regulate transendothelial migration of eosinophils. Our findings suggest a new role of RBCs in allergic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02073.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairment of skin barrier function in NC/Nga Tnd mice as a possible model for atopic dermatitis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The pathogenesis and aetiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. Establishment of suitable animal models should aid elucidation of the pathogenesis and development of therapy. Objectives  We focused on biophysical and biochemical parameters in the skin of NC/Nga Tnd mice to evaluate similarities to and differences from AD. Methods  Biophysical (transepidermal water loss and skin surface conductance) and biochemical parameters (ceramide contents and activity of ceramide-metabolizing enzymes) were measured in NC/Nga Tnd mice in which spontaneous dermatitis appeared under ambient laboratory conditions (ALC). Results  Biophysical parameters suggested impairment of water retention properties and barrier function. The amount of ceramide in NC/Nga Tnd mice under ALC decreased significantly. These dermatological features resembled those of AD, as did the clinical signs and histological changes. Conclusions  The results described here and previous immunological studies on AD suggest that the NC/Nga Tnd mouse may be a suitable model for certain aspects of AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03946.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of charged metal clusters in the vicinity of an ionic charge (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2003), S. 359-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS. 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters – 36.40.Wa Charged clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Stability of highly charged metal clusters in the electric field of an external ion is investigated with the classical liquid drop model. We study the optimum shape of the cluster which has a local minimum of the total energy, taking account of the effects of the surface charge polarization on the Coulomb energy and the cluster deformation on the surface energy. We find that the cluster deformation greatly affects the total energy of the system and that a cluster with a fissility larger than some critical value 0.7-0.8 can become unstable against deformation. We investigate the local competition between the Coulomb force and the surface tension at the cluster surface and show that the surface charge polarization which is induced by the external electric field significantly affects the shape of the cluster and its stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00062-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Up-regulation of genes encoding glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-attached proteins in response to cell wall damage caused by disruption of FKS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 264 (2000), S. 64-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: FKS1 Cell wall damage RLM1 GPI proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. FKS1 and FKS2 encode alternative catalytic subunits of the glucan synthases that are responsible for synthesis of β-1,3-glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Disruption of FKS1 reduces the glucan content of the cell wall, increases chitin content and activates the expression of CWP1, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-dependent cell wall protein. These cellular responses have been regarded as compensating for cell wall damage in order to maintain cell wall integrity. Here, we report the identification, by genome-wide screening, of 22 genes that are transcriptionally up-regulated in fks1 Δ cells. Among them, five genes were found to encode GPI-attached proteins, three of which are covalently associated with the cell wall. Deletion and replacement analysis of the promoter regions identified Rlm1-binding sequences as being responsible for the up-regulation following disruption of FKS1. Using the rlm1 Δ tetOp-FKS1 strain, in which the expression of FKS1 can be repressed by doxycycline, we examined the requirement for Rlm1 for the transcriptional up-regulation of these five genes. Three of the five genes were not up-regulated by doxycycline, indicating that Rlm1 mediates their up-regulation when FKS1 is inactivated. The remaining two genes were up-regulated by doxycycline, suggesting that a transcription factor other than Rlm1 is involved in their response to disruption of FKS1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000285
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