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  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pulsed supersonic entrainment reactor for the rational preparation of cold ionic complexes (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4431-4434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe an ion source for the efficient preparation of cold ion-molecule complexes, X−⋅M. The method relies on condensation of solvent molecules, M, onto argon-solvated ions, X−⋅Arm, where the X−⋅Arm species are formed in a primary expansion and the molecular partner, M, is interfaced to this flow in the hydrodynamic region by supersonic entrainment. This hybrid "supersonic afterglow" reactor provides a clean synthetic approach for both bare and argon-solvated complexes, where the latter are particularly useful since their structures can be characterized by "nanomatrix" infrared predissociation spectroscopy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326931
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-beam-induced optical memory effects in GaN (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2675-2677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metastable effects in unintentionally doped GaN films grown on SiC substrates have been investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL). Memory effect patterns produced optically are observed in CL images. An electron beam can also produce memory effect patterns and the resulting changes in the luminescence spectra are quite similar for either optical or electron-beam-induced patterns. CL spectra reveal that the yellow luminescence at 2.2 eV increases significantly with little change in the band-edge emission in both cases. Samples that do not exhibit optically induced memory effects are also investigated and do not exhibit electron-beam-induced patterns, either. Monochromatic CL images at 540 and 365 nm confirm the similarity of optically and electron-beam-induced memory effects based on changes in luminescence spectra. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1469222
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argon predissociation and electron autodetachment spectroscopy of size-selected CH3NO2−⋅Arn clusters (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 10718-10723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photodetachment spectra of CH3NO2−⋅Arn clusters in the mid-IR are dominated by three strong resonances. These are assigned to autodetaching (AD) C–H stretching vibrational transitions in the valence (as opposed to dipole-bound) form of the molecular anion on the basis of a H/D isotopic substitution study and their solvation dependence. The AD resonances disappear promptly upon addition of the third argon atom, while the resonant structure appears in the action spectrum for formation of CH3NO2− photoproducts for n≥2. The strong argon solvation dependence of the photoproducts is traced to the rapidly changing endoergicity of the electron loss channel due to the differential solvation behavior of the valence anion relative to the neutral. We discuss a statistical limit for this competition, and introduce an intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution mediated AD mechanism unique to polyatomic anions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1418251
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunity in the Female Lower Genital Tract and the Impact of HIV Infection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates the distribution of immunocompetent cells in the ectocervix, and cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in cervicovaginal secretions to determine whether they are altered in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ectocervical biopsies from 10 HIV+ and 10 presumed HIV-ve women were studied by immunocytochemistry. Levels of Igs in cervicovaginal secretions were quantified by radial immunodiffusion (RID) and cytokine levels by ELISA. HIV+ women had significantly increased numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes resulting in reversal of the CD4:CD8 ratio. There was a significant increase in the proportion of activated CD8+ HLA-DR+ and CD4+ HLA-DR + lymphocytes, but not in CD8+ TIA-1+ cells. The epithelium of the cervix from HIV+ subjects showed a significant increase in both numbers of macrophages (CD68+) and proportions of activated macrophages (CD68+ HLA-DR+) compared to normal. The stroma contained increased proportions of inductive (D1+) and suppressive (D1+ D7+) macrophages but a decrease in effector phagocyte (D7+) proportions and Langerhans' cells. Significantly lower tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were observed in cervicovaginal secretions from HIV+ subjects. IgG levels were 4 times higher and IgM levels twice higher in cervicovaginal secretions from HIV+ women, compared to results from normal subjects. These results suggest a response within the CD8+ cells in HIV+ women, yet these cells may have a low cytolytic capacity. The raised proportions of HLA-DR+ and D1+ CD4+ macrophages could act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for CD4+ CD45RO+ lymphocytes, and represent a local acquired response. However, the close juxtaposition of these cells offers the potential for them to act as a local reservoir of virus and promote its proliferation. The increase of IgG over sIgA in secretions of HIV+ subjects provides evidence suggesting a dysregulation of local humoral immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00927.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Cellular Response Associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV+ and HIV– Subjects (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates local alterations in T-cell and macrophage subsets that occur in cervical epithelial neoplasia (CIN), in the presence and absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ectocervical biopsies from 10 women with CIN who were infected with HIV, and 10 women with CIN but no HIV infection were studied by immunocytochemistry.Significantly increased proportions of activated CD8+ T cells were seen in all CIN biopsies, and these proportions were further increased in the presence of HIV infection. Levels of CD8+TIA-1+ cells were particularly increased in the CIN+HIV+ group. There was a lack of expression of CD28 on the CD8+ cells of the epithelium of CIN+HIV+ samples. A significant reduction in the proportion of epithelial inductive D1+ macrophages and an increase in D1+D7+-suppressive cells were observed in the CIN+HIV+ cohort.The lack of expression of CD28 on the CD8+ cells of the epithelium of CIN+HIV+ samples in combination with the reduced CD4+ T-cell numbers seen in the presence of HIV infection may contribute to the development of higher grade CIN in this susceptible group. This may be aggravated by the reduction in the D1+ epithelial inductive macrophages, which might reflect recruitment of more suppressive D1+D7+ cells. This would further compromise the ability of the local T-cell system to respond to antigens and thus contribute to the development of neoplasia at this site. These results suggest that the increase in activated CD8+ T cells is a consequence rather than a cause of CIN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01118.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology (communication arising) The ventilatory response to hypoxia (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 686-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Gozal et al. reply We do not challenge the 'classic' theory of peripheral-chemoreceptor-mediated HVR. However, this offers no insight into the mediators of the time-domain components of HVR, such as ventilatory short-term potentiation (VSTP). VSTP is critical to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419686b
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the pharmacokinetic interaction between lamivudine and alpha interferon (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 56 (2000), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Lamivudine ; Alpha interferon ; Hepatitis B virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: This study was designed to investigate any possible pharmacokinetic interaction between lamivudine and alpha interferon as potential candidates for combination therapy for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: Nineteen healthy male, Caucasian volunteers, aged 20–41 years and weighing 60.5–83.5 kg completed this open, non-randomised study. They each received a single, abdominal, deep s.c. injection of 10 mIU alpha interferon on day 1, followed by a wash-out period of at least 1 week. Subjects then began a 7-day course of lamivudine (100 mg) followed by a further 10-mIU alpha-interferon injection directly after oral lamivudine dosing. Blood and urine samples were taken pre- and post-dose for alpha-interferon and/or lamivudine assay. Results: Lamivudine was safe and well tolerated in all subjects. No adverse events were reported in subjects on lamivudine, whereas 106 adverse events considered attributable to alpha interferon were recorded. Statistical analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters indicated no significant effect of lamivudine on alpha-interferon pharmacokinetics. There was a small statistically significant reduction (∼10%) in the area under the lamivudine concentration–time curve on co-administration with alpha interferon and a concomitant increase in clearance, which is not considered clinically relevant. Conclusions: Alpha interferon and lamivudine can be co-administered with no requirement for dose modification, as there was no clinically significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of either drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280000148
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrequency of Pulmonary Microbial Colonisation Prior to Respiratory Disease in HIV-Infected Individuals (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 19 (2000), S. 699-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To determine whether organisms are present in the HIV-infected lung prior to clinical respiratory disease, a cross-sectional bronchoscopic comparative analysis of 39 asymptomatic HIV-positive subjects and 31 healthy controls with 2-year prospective bronchoscopic monitoring of the HIV study group was performed. Pathological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using standard microbiological techniques was undertaken. Organisms were recovered from similar numbers of HIV-positive and control subjects (7 of 39 and 3 of 31) and comprised predominantly scanty growths of bacteria. Five subjects developed respiratory disease during follow-up. Repeat BAL was performed in 11 asymptomatic HIV-positive patients; no relationship was found between the organisms isolated at the two procedures. The findings suggest that the asymptomatic HIV-positive lung is not a frequent site of either microbial colonisation or subclinical infection. This has implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-related pulmonary disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960000355
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