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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta-limiting instabilities and global mode stabilization in the National Spherical Torus Experiment : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2085-2092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Research on the stability of spherical torus plasmas at and above the no-wall beta limit is being addressed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)], that has produced low aspect ratio plasmas, R/a∼1.27 at plasma current exceeding 1.4 MA with high energy confinement (TauE/TauE_ITER89P〉2). Toroidal and normalized beta have exceeded 25% and 4.3, respectively, in q∼7 plasmas. The beta limit is observed to increase and then saturate with increasing li. The stability factor βN/li has reached 6, limited by sudden beta collapses. Increased pressure peaking leads to a decrease in βN. Ideal stability analysis of equilibria reconstructed with EFIT [L. L. Lao et al., Nucl. Fusion 25, 1611 (1985)] shows that the plasmas are at the no-wall beta limit for the n=1 kink/ballooning mode. Low aspect ratio and high edge q theoretically alter the plasma stability and mode structure compared to standard tokamak configurations. Below the no-wall limit, stability calculations show the perturbed radial field is maximized near the center column and mode stability is not highly effected by a nearby conducting wall due to the short poloidal wavelength in this region. In contrast, as beta reaches and exceeds the no-wall limit, the mode becomes strongly ballooning with long poloidal wavelength at large major radius and is highly wall stabilized. In this way, wall stabilization is more effective at higher beta in low aspect ratio geometry. The resistive wall mode has been observed in plasmas exceeding the ideal no-wall beta limit and leads to rapid toroidal rotation damping across the plasma core. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468230
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple electron stripping of 3.4 MeV/amu Kr7+ and Xe11+ in nitrogen (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1753-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Use of heavy ions beams with ∼10 MeV/amu mass ∼200, and average charge state of 1+ has been proposed as a driver for heavy ion fusion. Stripping of the ion beam by background gas can lead to an increase in the space charge density of the beam, which may make focusing the intense ion beam onto small targets more complex. Knowledge of the electron loss cross sections is essential to understand and address the problem. Currently, there are no 10 MeV/amu mass=200, charge state=1 beams available, and the theories that calculate electron loss cross sections can be experimentally tested only by using available beams of somewhat lower energy and higher initial charge state. The charge state distribution of ions produced in single collisions of 3.4 MeV/amu Kr7+ and 3.4 MeV/amu Xe11+ in N2 have been measured at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute using a windowless gas cell. The charge states of the outgoing ions are determined by magnetic analysis using a position-sensitive microchannel-plate detector. The cross sections for single and multiple electron loss are determined, and the results indicate that substantial multiple-electron loss occurs. The relative cross section for loss of i+1 electrons is 0.3–0.7 times that for i electron loss. The average number of electrons removed per one collision (sum of the electron-weighted cross sections normalized to the total cross section) is 1.86 for Kr and 1.97 for Xe. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1365408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nocturnal Accumulation of Cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in the Chick Pineal Organ is Dependent on Activation of Guanylyl Cyclase-B (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of cGMP in the avian pineal is not well understood. Although the light-sensitive secretion of melatonin is a well-known output of the circadian oscillator, pharmacologically elevated cGMP levels do not result in altered melatonin secretory amplitude or phase. This suggests that pineal cGMP signalling does not couple the endogenous circadian oscillator to the expression of melatonin rhythms. Nonetheless, the free-running rhythm of cGMP signalling implies a link to the circadian oscillator in chick pinealocytes. As the circadian rhythm of cGMP levels in vitro is not altered by pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, we infer that the synthesis, rather than the degradation of cGMP, is under circadian control. In vitro experiments with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine as well as with an inhibitor of the NO-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), showed that the NOS-sGC pathway does not play a major role in the circadian control of cGMP generation. In organ culture experiments, we demonstrated that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), but not atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), elevated daytime levels of cGMP. As CNP acts on the membrane guanylyl cyclase isoform B (GC-B), which is expressed at very high levels in mammalian pineals, we investigated the effect of the membrane GC-specific inhibitor HS-142 on chick pineal cGMP levels. CNP-induced daytime cGMP levels were reduced by HS-142. More importantly, ‘spontaneously’ high nocturnal levels of cGMP in vitro were reduced to daytime levels by acute addition of HS-142. These data implicate endogenous nocturnal CNP release and subsequent activation of GC-B as the major input driving cGMP synthesis in the chick pineal organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0007-1331.2001.00732.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acids in colostrum from mothers of children at high risk of atopy in relation to clinical and laboratory signs of allergy in the first year of life (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  It remains controversial whether fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk relates to development of atopy in the infant. This study evaluates FA in colostrum from mothers of children at high risk of atopy in association with atopy at the age of 1 year.Methods:  The FA of colostrum were analyzed for 218 children (60 with low birth weight between 1500 and 2500 g, 84 with a history of maternal atopy, and 74 with an elevated cord blood immunoglobulin (Ig)E of 〉0.9 IU/ml). Total lipids were extracted, methylated and separated by gas–liquid chromatography. Laboratory screening for allergic sensitization and clinical examination took place within the Leipzig Allergy Risk Children's Study (LARS).Results:  Low birth weight was correlated with low percentage levels of 20:2n-6, 22:2n-6, and 22:3n-3 (r = 0.14, P 〈 0.05; r = 0.14, P 〈 0.05 and r = 0.20, P 〈 0.01, respectively) and low gestational age at birth was correlated with low 22:3n-3 (r = 0.15, P 〈 0.05). There was no association between FA and atopic eczema at the age of 1 year. However, high linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) was linked to high specific IgE against cow's milk protein (P 〈 0.05), and low docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) was associated with elevated total serum IgE (P 〈 0.05) at the age of 1 year, respectively.Conclusions:  The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of colostrum in a high risk newborn population shows associations with atopic sensitization at the age of 1 year and may be predictive for later atopic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2003.00429.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New region of deformation in the neutron-rich 60 24Cr36 and 62 24Cr38 (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2003), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 27.50.+e 59 ⩽ A ⩽ 89 – 23.40.-s Beta decay; double beta decay; electron and muon capture – 21.60.Cs Shell model – 21.60.-n Nuclear-structure models and methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The neutron-rich nuclei 23 60-63V have been produced at GANIL via interactions of a 61.8A·MeV 76Ge beam with a 58Ni target. Beta-decay to 24 60-63Cr has been investigated using combined β- and γ-ray spectroscopy. Half-lives of the 60-63V nuclei have been determined, and the existence of a beta-decay isomer in the 60V nucleus is strongly supported. The observation of low-energy 2+ states in 60Cr (646keV) and 62Cr (446keV) suggests that these isotopes are strongly deformed with β2 ∼ 0.3. This is confirmed by shell model calculations which show the dominant influence of the intruder g and d orbitals to obtain low 2+ energies in the neutron-rich Cr isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2002-10069-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of bound excited states in 15B (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 22 (2004), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The structure of the A/Z = 3 nucleus 15B has been investigated using the in-beam $\gamma$ -spectroscopy technique with a fragmentation reaction of a 36S beam on a 9Be target at 77.5 ${\rm MeV}\cdot A$ . The fragments were identified and selected by their energy loss and time of flight using the SPEG spectrograph. $\gamma$ -ray energies and intensities have been measured in coincidence with the projectile-like fragments. From this information as well as from the $\gamma\gamma$ -coincidence relationships a level scheme is proposed for 15B up to the neutron separation energy. The experimental results have been interpreted using shell model calculations in the psd valence space. Effects of the weakly bound nature of the valence neutrons have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10078-8
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of drip line nuclei through two-step fragmentation (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 20 (2003), S. 95-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the structure of light neutron-rich nuclei around N = 16 by employing the in-beam $\gamma$ -ray spectroscopy technique using the fragmentation of secondary beams of 25,26Ne, 27,28Na and 29,30Mg isotopes. This secondary-beam “cocktail” was obtained by the fragmentation of a 36S beam at 77.5 MeV $\cdot A$ by the SISSI/GANIL facility. By a second-step fragmentation, we have measured $\gamma$ -ray-residue coincidences in 17-20C and 23,24O and described the obtained levels in the framework of the shell model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2002-10329-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulomb excitation of 72 30Zn42 (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2002), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 25.70.De Coulomb excitation – 23.20.-g Electromagnetic transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The reduced transition probability B(E2: 01 +→ 2+) of 72Zn has been measured for the first time by Coulomb excitation at intermediate energy. The result B(E2: 01 +→ 2+) = 1740±210 e2fm4, corresponds to the deformation parameter β2 of 0.23, in close agreement with expectations derived from the neighboring nucleus 73Zn. A discussion of the evolution of the N = 40 sub-shell closure as a function of Z is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/iepja1358
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution pattern of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, and 9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and α2-macroglobulin in cases of generalized AA- and AL amyloidosis (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 437 (2000), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amyloid Protease Protease inhibitors Matrix metalloproteinases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade basement membranes and connective tissue and play an essential role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix which is disrupted by the deposition of amyloid. This immunohistochemical study investigated the distribution pattern of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9) and their inhibitors [α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2] in human AA- and AL amyloid deposits. Specimens of liver, kidney, and spleen from 22 autopsy cases were investigated. Nine patients had suffered from generalized AA amyloidosis, eight from generalized AL amyloidosis, and five from rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis with no histological evidence of amyloid. In all amyloidotic and non-amyloidotic patients, each protease and protease inhibitor was detected in almost every organ investigated. In the amyloidotic cases, there was no indication that a specific protease or protease inhibitor was absent or expressed, but a difference was observed in their spatial distribution patterns. The most noticeable difference was found in immunostaining of amyloid. Only MMP-1, -2, and -3, and α2-M were present in AA amyloid deposits, and only TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were found in deposits of AL amyloid. This is the first study to show that MMP-1, -2, and -3 are present in AA amyloid deposits. They may be involved in tissue remodeling or in proteolysis of the precursor and fibril proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280000271
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The shoshonite porphyry Cu-Au association at Bajo de la Alumbrera, Catamarca Province, Argentina: a reply (2000)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 68 (2000), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007100050015
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