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Nicotine and cotinine replacement when nicotine nasal spray is used to quit smoking (1998)

Jones, R. L. ; Nguyen, A. ; Man, S. F. P.

Springer

Psychopharmacology 137 (1998), S. 345-350

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Keywords: Key words Nicotine nasal spray ; Smoking cessation ; Nicotine replacement ; Cotinine replacement ; Expired carbon monoxide

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Nicotine nasal spray (NNS) is generally considered to be an effective smoking cessation aid, but all studies to date of NNS effectiveness have also utilized group therapy sessions or frequent laboratory visits to support their subjects’ stop smoking efforts. We studied 50 volunteers before they attempted to quit smoking and again at 1, 2 and 3 months after they received NNS to assist them in quitting smoking. No other stop smoking intervention was used, which more closely mimics the common practice of many individuals trying to stop smoking with the aid of a nicotine replacement product but without other supportive interventions. We found that 50% of the subjects quit smoking for the first month, 34% were still abstinent after 2 months and 32% quit smoking for 3 months. Those who quit smoking for the entire 3 months and who continued regular NNS use throughout had 67% cotinine replacement at the end of the first month, while another group which quit smoking for only the first month with the aid of NNS had 42% cotinine replacement at the end of that month. Our data confirm that NNS is an effective smoking cessation aid, but our abstinent rate at 3 months is slightly lower than in other studies in which group therapy was provided. Our data also indicate that higher NNS-induced cotinine replacement during the first month of quitting smoking (suggesting more frequent use of NNS) is associated with longer term quit-smoking success rate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050629

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Localization of α-amylase isozymes within the endomembrane system of barley aleurone (1990)

Zingen-Sell, Irmgard ; Hillmer, S. ; Robinson, D. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Protoplasma 154 (1990), S. 16-24

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ISSN: 1615-6102

Keywords: α-Amylase isozymes ; Barley aleurone ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Golgi apparatus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Intracellular transport

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The localization of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Himalaya) aleurone protoplasts was studied using electron microscope immunocytochemistry. Antibodies were raised against total barley α-amylase, i.e., α-amylase containing both highisoelectric point (high-pI) and low-pI isoforms, as well as against purified high- and low-pI isoforms. All antibodies localized α-amylase to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GApp) of the aleurone cell, and various controls showed that the labeling was specific for α-amylase. Labeling of protein bodies and spherosomes, which are the most abundant organelles in this cell, was very low. There was no evidence that α-amylase isoforms were differentially distributed within different compartments of the endomembrane system. Rather, both high- and low-pI isoforms showed the same pattern of distribution in ER and in the cis, medial, and transregions of the GApp. We conclude that in the Himalaya cultivar of barley, all isoforms of α-amylase are transported to the plasma membrane via the GApp.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349531

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