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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of 2,3-dicyclohexyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-2aλ4-thia-2,3,4a,7a-tetraazacyclopent[cd]indene-1(2H),4(2H)-diselone (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 2564-2567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270191004262
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of 3,4-dimethyl-5-methylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazolium chloride monohydrate (1992)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 48 (1992), S. 1456-1458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270192000271
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structures of 2,3-diethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-2aλ4-selena-2,3,4a,7a-tetraazacyclopent[cd]indene-1(2H),4(3H)-diselone and 1,4-bis(ethylimino)-5,6-dihydro-2,2aλ4,3-triselena-4a,6a-diazacyclopenta[cd]pentalene (1993)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 917-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270192011582
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of 5,10-dihydro-3-phenylimino-1,2,4-thiaselenazolo[4,5-b][2,4]benzodiazepine (1993)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 1781-1783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270193001611
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ti:Sapphire-pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators based on KTiOPO4 and RTiOAsO4 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The design, configuration and operation of Ti:Sapphire-laser-pumped femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) using KTP and RTA are described. The results presented include configurations capable of producing transform-limited pulses shorter than 40 fs and operating with pump powers as low as 50 mW. Tunability within the 1–3 µn spectral region is demonstrated using pump-tuning alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081323
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Menstrual History and Use of Medications on Bone Mineral Density: The EVOS Study (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Epidemiology — Osteoporosis — Menopause — Medication use.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We have previously shown considerable between-center variation in bone mineral density (BMD) in the 13 EVOS centers that performed bone densitometry on their sex- and age-stratified population samples, after adjusting for weight and age. We have now investigated whether part of the between-center variability may be attributed to between-center variations in the use of medications. Information was collected from 2088 women and 1908 men at baseline on whether the subjects had ever been prescribed calcium, calcitonin, anabolic steroids, fluoride, vitamin D, or glucocorticoids and, for the women, whether they had ever used the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Each of these variables was fitted into a regression model adjusted for age, height, weight, and center. Only OCP and HRT significantly affected BMD. Those who had ever used OCPs had spinal BMD 0.029 g/cm2 greater than those who had never used them. Users of HRT had higher BMD than nonusers: 0.037 g/cm2 at the spine, 0.018 g/cm2 at the trochanter, and 0.018 g/cm2 at the femoral neck. As expected, there was a great variation between centers in the use of OCP and HRT, but there were no significant correlations between mean BMD at any site in a given center and the prevalence of OCP or HRT use in that center. The between-center variance in BMD at all three sites remained highly significant after adjusting for treatment (P 〈 0.001). We conclude that HRT and OCP use are associated with moderate increases in BMD. The geographical variability of BMD in Europe was not explained by treatment with pharmaceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900525
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for osteoporosis: Comparison between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and broadband ultrasound attenuation in 1000 perimenopausal women (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Broadband ultrasound attenuation ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Osteoporosis ; Perimenopausal women ; Screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper compares dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the os calcis in 1000 perimenopausal women aged between 45 and 49 years who attended a randomized Osteoporosis Screening Programme. Significant correlations were found between all DXA results and BUA, with the trochanter giving the best numerical correlation with BUA (r=0.354,p〈0.0001). BUA was not successful in predicting women with low DXA measurements, with only 44.0% of the women whose spinal DXA falls within the lowest quartile being in the lowest quartile of BUA. Although BUA is a poor predictor of spinal and hip bone mineral density it may provide additional structural information important in fracture prediction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623382
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population screening for low bone mineral density: Do non-attenders have a lower risk of osteoporosis? (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Body weight ; Non-attendance ; Osteoporosis ; Response bias ; Risk factors ; Screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Poor compliance may be detrimental to the effectiveness of a screening programme if those at greatest risk of the disease do not attend. Therefore we undertook a study to test whether non-attenders to a screening programme for low bone density, a risk factor for osteoporosis, were at a differential risk of low bone density compared with attenders. Seven hundred and eighty-nine women aged 45–49 years living within 32 km of Aberdeen were selected at random from the Community Health Index and invited to attend for screening for low bone density as a risk of factor for osteoporosis. Attenders and non-attenders were surveyed regarding their risk factors for osteoporosis. Non-attenders were significantly heavier than attenders. In addition, 6 non-attenders who subsequently chose to attend had significantly higher body weight and bone mineral density, at Ward's triangle, than initial attenders. Non-attenders to a screening service for bone density may be at lower risk of developing osteoporosis. Non-attendance, therefore, would not be detrimental to the cost-effectiveness of a screening service for bone density. However, this study indicates there is a potential for response bias in studies of bone density and osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623061
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality Associated with Vertebral Deformity in Men and Women: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS) (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Epidemiology – Mortality – Osteoporosis – Vertebral deformity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Clinically apparent vertebral deformities are associated with reduced survival. The majority of subjects with radiographic vertebral deformity do not, however, come to medical attention. The aim of this study was to determine the association between radiographic vertebral deformity and subsequent mortality. The subjects who took part in the analysis were recruited for participation in a multicentre population-based survey of vertebral osteoporosis in Europe. Men and women aged 50 years and over were invited to attend for an interviewer-administered questionnaire and lateral spinal radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated morphometrically and vertebral deformity defined according to established criteria. The participants have been followed by annual postal questionnaire – the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS). Information concerning the vital status of participants was available from 6480 subjects, aged 50–79 years, from 14 of the participating centres. One hundred and eighty-nine deaths (56 women and 133 men) occurred during a total of 14 380 person-years of follow-up (median 2.3 years). In women, after age adjustment, there was a modest excess mortality in those with, compared with those without, vertebral deformity: rate ratio (RR) = 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0,3.4). In men, the excess risk was smaller and non-significant RR = 1.3 (95% CI 0.9,2.0). After further adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, previous hip fracture, general health, body mass index and steroid use, the excess risk was reduced and non-significant in both sexes: women, RR = 1.6 (95% CI 0.9,3.0); men RR = 1.2 (95% CI 0.7,1.8). Radiographic vertebral deformity is associated with a modest excess mortality, particularly in women. Part of this excess can be explained by an association with other adverse health and lifestyle factors linked to mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050067
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population-based geographic variations in dxa bone density in Europe: The evos study (1997)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 7 (1997), S. 175-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Aging ; Bone densitometry ; Epidemiology ; European Spine Phantom ; Geographic variation ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in bone density between 16 European populations, 13 of which were participants in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS). Men and women aged 50–80 years were recruited randomly from local population registers, stratified in 5-year age bands. The other three centres recruited similarly. Random samples of 20–100% of EVOS subjects were invited for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) densitometry of the lumbar spine and/or proximal femur using Hologic, Lunar or Norland pencil beam machines or, in one centre, a Sopha fan-beam machine. Cross-calibration of the different machines was undertaken using the European Spine Phantom prototype (ESPp). Highly significant differences in mean bone density were demonstrated between centres, giving rise to between-centre SDs in bone density that were about a quarter of a population SD. These differences persisted when centres using Hologic machines and centres using Lunar machines were considered separately. The centres were ranked differently according to whether male or female subjects were being considered and according to site of measurement (L2–4, femoral neck or femoral trochanter). As expected, bone mineral density (BMD) had a curvilinear relationship with age, and apparent rates of decrease slowed as age advanced past 50 years in both sexes. In the spine, not only did male BMD usually appear to increase with age, but there was a highly significant difference between centres in the age effect in both sexes, suggesting a variability in the impact of osteoarthritis between centres. Weight was consistently positively associated with BMD, but the effects of height and armspan were less consistent. Logarithmic transformation was needed to normalize the regressions of BMD on the independent variates, and after transformation, all sites except the femoral neck in females showed significant increases in SD with age. Interestingly, the effect of increasing weight was to decrease dispersion in proximal femur measurements in both sexes, further accentuating the tendency in women for low body mass index to be associated with osteoporosis as defined by densitometry. It is concluded that there are major differences between BMD values in European population samples which, with variations in anthro-pometric variables, have the potential to contribute substantially to variations in rates of osteoporotic fracture risk in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622286
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