Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 4670-4678 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There is increasing technological interest in using Cl2 and Cl-containing compounds in the dry plasma etching of III–V semiconductors. This paper presents a study of the ion-assisted etching of GaAs by Cl2 using a modulated ion beam technique to gain insight into the kinetic mechanism of this process. The etching rate increases with increasing ion energy (0.3–3 kV) and depends linearly on ion flux (1.0–10.0×1014 ions cm2 s). The etching rate increases with increasing Cl2 pressure up to a saturation limit near 2×10−6 Torr. This saturation limit is independent of the ion flux coincident on the surface within the range studied. The ion-enhanced etching rate decreases with increasing sample temperature over the range 300–500 K. Major etch products are AsCl3 and GaCl2 (and possibly GaCl), and the time dependence of the increase in these mass spectrometer signals following the initiation of the ion pulse is consistent with all of the products having a most probable translational energy of ∼0.14 eV. There is an additional delay in the appearance of the AsCl3 signal which roughly corresponds to a first order reaction with an associated time constant of 1.1 ms. One possible kinetic mechanism for the ion-enhanced etching is proposed which involves the surface reactions of Ga and AsCl with adsorbed chlorine. In this model, the ∼1 ms delay in the appearance of the AsCl3 is attributed to the lifetime of potential energy excitation caused by the ion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 8 (1996), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This issue of the journal features the first part of a two-part serieswhich comprises Chapter 15 from Volume 1 of a recently published book 'AComprehensive Guide to the Manufacture of Printed Board Assemblies'*edited byW. MacLeod Ross. Volume 1, containing 800 pages, and Volume 2, scheduled to bepublished in the Spring of 1997 and estimated to contain around 900 pages, will, as far as thepublishers are aware, be the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of printed boardsand printed board assemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 9 (1997), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This issue of thejournal features the final part of a two-part series which comprises Chapter 15 fromVolume 1 of a recently published book 'A Comprehensive Guide to the Manufacture ofPrinted Board Assemblies'* edited by W.MacLeod Ross.Volume 1, containing 800 pages, and Volume 2, scheduled to be published in theSpring of 1997 and estimated to contain around 900 pages, will, as far as the publishers areaware, be the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of printed boardassemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) has the potential to provide new insights into matrix deposition in renal pathology. For example laser stimulated light emission from Kimmelstiel Wilson (KW) nodules emphasizes a difference between peripheral and central nodule contents, an observation matching immunoperoxidase studies, which fails to demonstrate high density of renal matrix proteins in the core.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 608-617 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Die Astrozytome hohen Malignitätsgrades (Grad III, IV) sind mit etwa 30% die häufigsten und zugleich aggressivsten Hirntumoren gliösen Ursprungs und führen unbehandelt innerhalb weniger Wochen zum Tode. Neben der primär einzusetzenden Operation ist der Stellenwert der postoperativen perkutanen Strahlentherapie in der Behandlung der malignen Gliome unbestritten. Derzeit gibt es keinen gesicherten Hinweis, daß eine Chemotherapie Operation und Strahlentherapie ersetzen kann, so daß die malignen Gliome wegen ihres aggressiven Wachstums und der damit verbundenen schlechten Prognose unverändert eine Herausforderung an den Radioonkologen stellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 832-838 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Leukämien sind klonale, neoplastische Proliferationen von Zellen der hämatopoetischen Differenzierungskaskade. Fast alle leukämischen Zellen sind ausgesprochen strahlenempfindlich. Bei diesen systemischen Neoplasien kann daher die Strahlentherapie in dreierlei Hinsicht zum integralen Bestandteil multimodaler Therapiekonzepte werden: im Rahmen der Primärtherapie, als myoablative Therapie zur Konditionierung z.B. vor Knochenmarktransplantationen oder zur Palliation bei Leukämie-assoziierten Problemen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 319 (1986), S. 474-477 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Western basin cold core eddies are spawned from Gulf Stream meanders that intensify, grow into loops, and pinch off from the main stream to form rings of current that wander independently in the waters to the south and south-east of the Gulf Stream3. They are readily distinguishable from other ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Gliomas ; intra-operative ultrasound ; tumour resection ; biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intra-operative ultrasound (=IOUS) is a suitable tool to detect residual tumour tissue after gross total resection in supratentorial gliomas. During a period of 18 months 45 patients with supratentorial gliomas (38 high-grade and 9 low-grade, according to the WHO-grading system [42]) were operated on. A series of 78 biopsies was taken from the resection cavity under continuous sonographic control at the end of surgery. Gross total tumour resection was intended in 34 patients (=76%). The biopsy specimens were matched with the sonographic features at each biopsy site. The sonographic appearance of the resection margins were classified into 2 groups: (1) Irregular hyperechoic areas extending from the cavity into the iso-echogenic brain tissue and (2) a dense small (≤3 mm in diameter) rather regular hyperechoic rim surrounding the resection cavity. 47 out of 53 biopsies taken from hyperechoic areas (group 1) (36 high-grade/11 low-grade) revealed solid tumour tissue (=89%). 34 (=72%) of these 47 areas were microscopically assessed as inconspicuous by the surgeon. 6 samples (4 high-grade/2 low-grade) contained tumour infiltration zone. 25 biopsies (23 high-grade/2 low-grade) taken from the hyperechoic rim [group 2] were diagnosed as follows: Normal brain tissue in 11, tumour infiltration zone in 8 and solid tumour tissue in 6 cases. Of 34 cases with “gross total removal” according to the surgeon's assessement 25 showed sonographic signs of residual tumour tissue, which was confirmed histologically as solid tumour tissue in 22 of these cases. It is concluded, that IOUS following resection of supratentorial gliomas can detect residual tumour tissue with high specificity and thus improve gross total resection. However, a thin hyperechoic rim surrounding the resection cavity (less than 3 mm in diameter) is a non-specific finding, which can mask thin residual tumour layers and therefore needs further evaluation of its nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Net-building behaviour ; Development ; O2-deficiency tolerance ; Hydropsyche ; River Rhine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tolerance, growth and development of H. contubernalis and H. pellucidula were analyzed at different O2-concentrations to determine the species specific potency amplitude in relation to O2-concentration. In addition netbouilding behaviour was compared at different O2-concentrations and current velocities. Under anaerobic conditions slightly greater tolerance was observed in H. contubernalis than in H. pellucidula. But at a higher O2-concentration H. contubernalis showed a distinctly higher O2-deficiency tolerance than H. pellucidula in relation to net-building activity, growth and development. In addition, more than 50% of H. contubernalis instars built capture nets with regular meshes at an O2-saturation of only 30% (15°C). High growth rates were also found at 50% O2-saturation and more than half the larvae developed into imagos. In addition to diminished net-spinning activity the mean growth rate started to decrease at an O2-saturation of 70% to 38% and the development into an imago was not possible in H. pellucidula. Because H. contubernalis corresponds to a regulative type, being able to maintain a high level of netbuilding activity, growth rate and development over a wide range (50% to 100% O2-saturation). On the other hand H. pellucidula corresponds to a conform type, because physiological efficiency decreases rapidly with falling O2-concentration, so that development into an imago is no longer possible below 85% O2-saturation. Positive correlation between net-spinning activity and tested current velocity between 10 cm/s and 25 cm/s (15°C) was found in H. pellucidula. H. contubernalis showed no change in net-building activity, over this range of current velocity. H. contubernalis can be classified as an euryoecious species with a great potency amplitude in relation to O2-concentration and current velocity. The high tolerance to O2-deficiency conditions probably allowed the early recolonization of the Mittel-and Niederrhein when a distinct O2-deficit (mean 29%, max 56%) could still be measured. H. contubernalis can be considered a bioindicator of O2-deficiency situations. Undisturbed development of H. pellucidula in this section of the river requires a further improvement in O2-content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gamma-Knife ; Radiochirurgie ; Linearbeschleuniger ; Konvergenzbestrahlung ; Konformationsbestrahlung ; Key words Gamma knife ; Radiosurgery ; Linear accelerator ; Convergent beam irradiation ; Conformation radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: The principles of radiosurgery were developed in 1951 by Leksell. Their technical realization led to the development of the gamma knife and stereotactically modified linear accelerator. Methods: In addition to the gamma knife, we present the different principles of convergent beam irradiation (radiosurgery with linear accelerator), the further development to fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy, and the necessary quality-assurance steps. Results: The greatest uncertainties in the precision of radiosurgery result from medical imaging (CT 0.7 × 0.7 × 1 mm; DSA 1–5 mm; MR angiography 〈 2 mm). The focusing accuracy of the gamma knife (± 0.3 mm) can also be achieved today by linear accelerators using a stereotactic floorstand. For the same indication and the same dosage for the target volume, there are no clinical differences between the gamma knife and the linear accelerator (AVM: 80 % complete obliteration; metastases: 85 % local tumor control; AN: 90 % tumor control). However, there are greater differences in costs. There is no constellation where the gamma knife is just as expensive or more cost-effective than the linear accelerator treatment. The most cost-effective solution is modification of an available linear accelerator, resulting in treatment costs per patient of 9,201.25 DM (50 patients/year). Conclusion: There seem to be no methodological, physical, clinical or cost reasons for using a gamma knife, especially because the trend is going towards fractionated conformation radiotherapy instead of the application of high single doses.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einführung: Die Prinzipien der Radiochirurgie wurden 1951 von Leksell entwickelt. Die technische Realisierung führte zur Entwicklung von Gamma-Knife und stereotaktisch umgerüstetem Linearbeschleuniger. Methode: Neben dem Gamma-Knife werden die unterschiedlichen Prinzipien der Konvergenzbestrahlung (Radiochirurgie mit Linearbeschleuniger), deren Weiterentwicklung zur fraktionierten stereotaktischen Konformationsbestrahlung und die notwendigen Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen dargestellt. Ergebnisse: Die größten Unsicherheiten in der Präzision der Radiochirurgie ergeben sich aus den bildgebenden Verfahren (CT 0,7 × 0,7 × 1 mm, DSA 1–5 mm, MR-Angiographie 〈 2 mm). Die Fokussiergenauigkeit des Gamma-Knife von ± 0,3 mm kann heutzutage auch von Linearbeschleunigern bei Verwendung eines Stereotaxiestativs erreicht werden. Bei gleicher Indikationsstellung und gleicher zielvolumenumschließender Dosierung ergeben sich keine klinischen Unterschiede zwischen Gamma-Knife und Linearbeschleuniger (AVM: 80 % vollständige Obliteration; Metastasen: 85 % lokale Tumorkontrolle; AN: 90 % Tumorkontrolle). Um so größer sind die Unterschiede bei den Kosten. Es gibt keine Konstellation, bei der das Gamma-Knife gleich teuer oder billiger ist als eine Linearbeschleunigerbehandlung. Die kostengünstigste Lösung ist die Umrüstung eines bestehenden Linearbeschleunigers, wobei Behandlungskosten von 9201,25 DM pro Patient (bei 50 Patienten/Jahr) entstehen. Zusammenfassung: Es lassen sich keine methodisch-physikalischen, klinischen oder Kostengründe finden, die für die Verwendung eines Gamma-Knife sprechen, insbesondere da die Entwicklung sich von der Applikation hoher Einzeitdosen zur fraktionierten Konformationsbestrahlung hinwendet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...