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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • Enteric nervous system  (7)
  • Myenteric plexus  (4)
  • Intestine  (3)
  • Adrenergic nerves
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effects of opioids in a circular muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of guinea-pig ileum (1987)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guinea-pig ileum ; Myenteric plexus ; Circular muscle ; Opioid receptors ; Naloxone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The actions of opioids were examined in a strip preparation of the external muscle and myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum cut parallel to the circular muscle. Contractions of the circular muscle induced by electrical stimulation of myenteric neurons were depressed in a concentration-dependent manner by the mu agonists, morphine and DAGO, and by the kappa agonist, U-50,488H. The concentrations of morphine, DAGO and U-50,488H which depressed nerve-mediated contractions by 50% (IC50) were 86 nM, 11 nM and 5.0 nM, respectively. The equilibrium dissociation constants (K D) for naloxone as an antagonist of the inhibitory effects of DAGO and of U5-0,488H were 5.6 nM and 29.4 nM, respectively. In contrast to the potent inhibitory effects of mu and kappa agonists, the delta-selective agonist, d-Pen-l-Pen, produced only weak inhibition of nerve-mediated contractions. Even at a concentration of 3 μM, there was less than 50% inhibition, which was not antagonised by the delta receptor antagonist, ICI 174864. The experiments indicate that both mu and kappa opioid receptors are present on the myenteric neurons supplying the circular muscle and that delta receptors are either absent or ineffectively activated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164876
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of nerve fibers in the circular muscle of patients with slow transit constipation (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Slow transit constipation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are thought to explain the pathophysiology of motility disorders. Our aim was to determine if particular classes of enteric neurons are affected in slow transit constipation (STC). Specimens were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending, transverse and descending colon of patients undergoing subtotal colectomy for STC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antisera to neuron-specific enolase, tachykinin, leu-enkephalin, choline acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y. The density of nerve fibres labelled with these antibodies in each layer was compared with age-matched controls. The density of nerve fibres with tachykinin and enkephalin immunoreactivity was reduced in the colonic circular muscle of the 15 patients with STC, whereas innervation of all other layers was normal. This reduction of tachykinin-immunoreactive nerve fibres also occurred in nine of the 12 specimens of terminal ileum examined. No difference was detected in the density or distribution of nerve fibres using the other antisera. Excitatory nerve fibres are present in the circular muscle in STC but they are deficient in tachykinins and enkephalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050163
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioid dependence in myenteric neurons innervating the circular muscle of guinea-pig ileum (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 339 (1989), S. 166-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guinea-pig ileum ; Myenteric plexus ; Circular muscle ; Opioid dependence ; Morphine withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Guinea-pigs were treated with morphine for 6–8 days by subcutaneous implantation of pellets, each containing a mixture of morphine base (120 mg) and morphine hydrochloride (35 mg). Each guinea-pig received a single pellet. Mechanical activity of the circular muscle was recorded in vitro in preparations comprising the circular muscle and myenteric plexus. Exposure to morphine was maintained by addition of 1 μM morphine to the organ baths. After 90 min, morphine was withdrawn, either by repeatedly washing tissues in morphine-free Krebs' solution , or by addition of naloxone to reduce the occupancy of the opioid receptors by morphine. Withdrawal of morphine resulted in markedly enhanced contractile activity compared with that in circular muscle-myenteric plexus preparations from untreated control guinea-pigs. The withdrawal contractions were abolished by tetrodotoxin (600 nM) and greatly reduced by hyoscine (1 μM), indicating that they resulted from action potential discharge in myenteric neurons that release acetylcholine onto the circular muscle. Activation of the cholinergic excitatory motor neurons was not secondary to synaptic activation by cholinergic interneurons, because hexamethonium (100 μM) did not affect withdrawal contractions. The withdrawal response may therefore arise in the cholinergic excitatory motor neurons themselves, or in neurons that activate them via noncholinergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165139
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the large arteries and heart of the toad (Bufo marinus) by adrenergic and peptide-containing neurons (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Perivascular nerves ; Cardiac innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Neuropeptide Y ; Substance P ; Adrenergic nerves ; Amphibia, Anura (Bufo marinus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the major arteries and heart of the toad (Bufo marinus) was examined by use of glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence and peptide immunohistochemistry. All arteries possessed a moderate to dense plexus of adrenergic axons, which also showed neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI). Some adrenergic axons in the intracardiac vagal trunks showed NPY-LI, but the varicose adrenergic axons innervating the cardiac muscle of the atria and ventricle, and the coronary blood vessels did not display NPY-LI. About half of the nerve cell bodies in the anterior sympathetic chain ganglia with dopamine-β-hydroxylase-LI (DBH-LI) also contained NPY-LI. The nerve cell bodies with DBH-LI alone were generally larger (median diameter 30 μm) than those with both DBH-LI and NPY-LI (median diameter 20 μm). Some cell bodies showing DBH-LI alone were surrounded by boutons with NPY-LI but not DBH-LI. Axons that displayed simultaneously both substance P-LI (SP-LI) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-LI (CGRP-LI) also formed a plexus around all arteries studied, being particularly dense around the mesenteric and pulmonary arteries. These axons are most likely sensory since SP-LI was reduced by capsaicin treatment, and nerve cell bodies with both SP-LI and CGRP-LI were found in dorsal root ganglia and the vagal ganglion. A dense plexus of axons showing somatostatin-LI was located around the pulmonary artery and its main intrapulmonary branches. A few nerves with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-LI were found around the dorsal aorta and pulmonary artery. No perivascular nerves with enkephalin-LI were observed. Reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography of acid extracts of the large arteries showed that the major peaks of NPY-LI and SP-LI coeluted with porcine NPY (1–36) and synthetic SP (1–11), respectively. Thus, the location and structure of these peptides in perivascular nerves has been highly conserved during vertebrate evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221866
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the myenteric plexus and smooth muscle in organotypic cultures of the guinea-pig small intestine (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Myenteric plexus ; Smooth muscle ; Organotypic culture ; Ultrastructure ; Intestine ; small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projections of specific morphological types of neurons within the myenteric plexus of the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Organotypic culture ; Myenteric plexus ; Retrograde transport ; Intestine ; small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The projections of myenteric neurons within the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine were established using retrograde tracing in organotypic culture. Three days after applying the fluorescent dye DiI to a single internodal strand in the myenteric plexus, 500–1000 nerve cell bodies were labelled. Of these, 77% were located oral to the application site, 15% were located anally and 7% were located within 1 mm of this site. Three major morphological types of neurons could be distinguished. Dogiel type I neurons had lamellar dendrites and single axons, Dogiel type II neurons had large smooth cell bodies and several long processes, and filamentous neurons had smooth ovoid cell bodies, single axons and several filamentous dendrites. Dogiel type I, II and filamentous neurons accounted for 54.6%, 38% and 7.4% of all filled cells, respectively. Labelled nerve cell bodies were present up to 13 mm aboral to the DiI application site; all neurons more than 2 mm aboral had Dogiel type I features. On the oral side, Dogiel type I neurons were found up to 110 mm, Dogiel type II neurons up to 100 mm and filamentous neurons up to 80 mm. Neurons with 2 mm oral or aboral to the DiI application site were located up to 7 mm circumferentially and were mainly Dogiel type II cells. This work revealed remarkable polarity within the myenteric plexus, with a significant prevalence of myenteric neurons projecting anally for longer distances than those projecting orally. These long pathways are probably involved in the coordination of intestinal motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050630
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemically similar myenteric and submucous neurons directly traced to the mucosa of the small intestine (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Cholecystokinin ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Neuropeptide Y ; Somatostatin ; Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY) gave an intense immunohistochemical reaction of certain nerve cells in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine. Each nerve cell had up to 20 branching, tapering processes that were less than ∼50 μm long and a long process that could be followed for a considerable distance. This morphology corresponds to that of the type-III cells of Dogiel. The long process of each myenteric cell ran through the circular muscle to the submucosa, and in most cases the process could be traced to the mucosa. The submucous nerve cell bodies also had processes that extended to the mucosa. These cell bodies, in both plexuses, also stained with antisera raised against calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and somatostatin (SOM), but did not stain with antibodies against enkephalin, substance P or vasoactive intestinal peptide. Thus, it has been possible for the first time to trace the processes of chemically specified neurons through the layers of the intestinal wall and to show by a direct method that CGRP/CCK/ChAT/NPY/ SOM myenteric and submucous nerves cells provide terminals in the mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214637
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The source of the nerve fibres forming the deep muscular and circular muscle plexuses in the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 497-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Nerves, degeneration ; Neuronal connections ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative ultrastructural study was made of the neuntes forming the deep muscular and circular muscle plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine following microsurgical lesions designed to interrupt intrinsic and extrinsic nerve pathways within the intestinal wall. Removal of a collar of longitudinal muscle with attached myenteric plexus from the circumference of a segment of small intestine resulted in the subsequent disappearance of 99.3% of neurites in the underlying circular muscle. The few surviving neurites in the deep muscular plexus and circular muscle disappeared completely from lesioned segments that were, in addition, extrinsically denervated surgically. These results indicate that the majority of nerve fibres in the deep muscular and circular muscle plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine is intrinsic to the intestine and originates from nerve cell bodies located in the overlying myenteric plexus. At the light-microscopic level, nerve bundles were traced from the myenteric plexus to the circular muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the myenteric plexus and smooth muscle in organotypic cultures of the guinea-pig small intestine (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myenteric plexus ; Smooth muscle ; Organotypic culture ; Ultrastructure ; Intestine, small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318365
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The projections of chemically identified nerve fibres in canine ileum (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enkephalin ; Gastrin releasing peptide ; Neuropeptide Y ; Somatostatin ; Substance P ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The projections of nerve fibres with immunoreactivity for the peptides enkephalin (ENK), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were studied in canine small intestine by analysing the consequences of lesions of intrinsic and extrinsic nerves. Of peptides present in fibres supplying myenteric ganglia, GRP, SOM and VIP were in anally directed nerve pathways, whereas ENK and NPY were in orally directed pathways. Pathways ran for up to about 30 mm. SP fibres ran for short distances in both directions in the myenteric plexus. The circular muscle was supplied with ENK, NPY, SP and VIP fibres arising from the myenteric ganglia, whereas most mucosal SP and VIP fibres were deduced to arise from submucous ganglia. There were projections of fibres reactive for ENK, GRP, SOM, SP and VIP from myenteric ganglia to submucous ganglia. Antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase were used to locate noradrenaline nerve fibres supplying the intestine; these fibres all disappeared when extrinsic nerves running through the mesentery to the small intestine were cut. It is deduced that there is an ordered pattern of projections of peptide-containing fibres in the canine intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218319
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