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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of bias enhanced nucleation of diamond on silicon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4388-4396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The process of bias enhanced nucleation of microwave chemical vapor deposited diamond on silicon has been extensively characterized using plasma diagnostics, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The nucleation kinetics were measured as a function of bias voltage, methane partial pressure, and substrate temperature. The nucleation is found to be transient in character, with a delay time followed by an exponential increase in nucleation density with time, and finally a saturation. The ion flux and ion energy distribution was measured by a retarding field probe. The nucleation density was found to reach a maximum at a bias at which the ion energy distribution has a maximum of 80 eV, independent of the substrate temperature. This is taken as strong evidence that nucleation enhancement involves ion subplantation. The Raman spectra and x-ray diffraction suggests that the films during nucleation consist primarily of sp2 bonded noncrystalline carbon. The presence of the (0002) interlayer graphitic peak suggests that the carbon is primarily graphitic. The diamond nuclei form in this matrix. TEM shows mainly amorphous hillocks being formed on the substrates by bias enhanced nucleation. Diffraction patterns and high resolution TEM reveal the presence of β-SiC and also a small number of diamond particles. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361864
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of bias-enhanced nucleation of diamond on Si (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3287-3289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nucleation of diamond on Si is enhanced for negative substrate bias of 200–250 V. We show that the ion flux is the critical factor causing the enhanced nucleation. The ion energy distribution has a maximum at about 80 eV, the optimum to subplant C ions into a-C. We propose that subplantation causes deposition of nanocrystalline graphitic C, and that diamond nucleates where the graphitic planes are locally oriented perpendicular to the surface. An atomic model is proposed that allows a matching of the diamond, graphite, and Si lattice. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113732
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 36 (1985), S. 145-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.001045
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiences with applying a genetic algorithm to determine an information systems architecture (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Information systems architecture ; business Systems planning ; cluster analysis ; genetic algorithms ; Architektur von Informationssystemen ; Business Systems Planning ; Cluster-Analyse ; Genetische Algorithmen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Entwicklung von Architekturen von Informationssystemen (ISA) wird vielfach das Business-Systems-Planning-(BSP)-Konzept vorgeschlagen. Ein Teilproblem dieses Planungskonzepts besteht darin, unter Berücksichtigung von Optimalitätskriterien Unternehmensprozesse und Datenbestände zu möglichst voneinander unabhängigen Teilsystemen zusammenzufassen. Da die Leistungsgrenzen von exakten Optimierungsverfahren für dieses Problem rasch erreicht werden, interessiert der Einsatz von heuristischen Verfahren. Zunächst werden das BSP-Problem und die Vorgehensweise genetischer Algorithmen kurz erläutert. Danach wird die Anwendung eines einfachen genetischen Algorithmus auf das BSP-Problem beschrieben. Ein Vergleich mit Ergebnissen exakter Verfahren bildet einen weiteren wichtigen Bestandteil der Untersuchung.
    Notes: Abstract While determining information systems architectures (ISA), business systems planning (BSP) is a well-known method to join processes and data classes to subsystems. BSP matrices have generally been rearranged without describing the underlying methods. Meanwhile, various techniques have been developed for solving the ISA problem. Since exact optimization methods often fail to provide results for large ISA problems, different heuristics have been applied. A new heuristic for solving the ISA problem is the application of genetic algorithms (GA). This paper examines the application of a simple GA to the ISA problem and compares the results of applying the GA with those obtained by exact methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiences with applying a genetic algorithm to determine an information systems architecture (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Key words: Information systems architecture ; business systems planning ; cluster analysis ; genetic algorithms ; Schlüsselwörter: Architektur von Informationssystemen ; Business Systems Planning ; Cluster-Analyse ; Genetische Algorithmen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Zur Entwicklung von Architekturen von Informationssystemen (ISA) wird vielfach das Business-Systems-Planning-(BSP)-Konzept vorgeschlagen. Ein Teilproblem dieses Planungskonzepts besteht darin, unter Berücksichtigung von Optimalitätskriterien Unternehmensprozesse und Datenbestände zu möglichst voneinander unabhängigen Teilsystemen zusammenzufassen. Da die Leistungsgrenzen von exakten Optimierungsverfahren für dieses Problem rasch erreicht werden, interessiert der Einsatz von heuristischen Verfahren. Zunächst werden das BSP-Problem und die Vorgehensweise genetischer Algorithmen kurz erläutert. Danach wird die Anwendung eines einfachen genetischen Algorithmus auf das BSP-Problem beschrieben. Ein Vergleich mit Ergebnissen exakter Verfahren bildet einen weiteren wichtigen Bestandteil der Untersuchung.
    Notes: Abstract. While determining information systems architectures (ISA), business systems planning (BSP) is a well-known method to join processes and data classes to subsystems. BSP matrices have generally been rearranged without describing the underlying methods. Meanwhile, various techniques have been developed for solving the ISA problem. Since exact optimization methods often fail to provide results for large ISA problems, different heuristics have been applied. A new heuristic for solving the ISA problem is the application of genetic algorithms (GA). This paper examines the application of a simple GA to the ISA problem and compares the results of applying the GA with those obtained by exact methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and application of imaging holographic gratings (chirped gratings) for integrated optics (1987)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 19 (1987), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Holographic chirped gratings with parallel grating lines have been fabricated by recording the interference structure of a plane wave and a cylindrical wave in a photoresist layer on a monomode glass waveguide. These gratings will be useful elements for the imaging of guided waves in integrated optics. A theoretical approach for treating their imaging properties is presented. The experimental results are described theoretically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032519
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoresist Bragg gratings as beam splitters and beam reflectors for integrated optical systems (1987)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 19 (1987), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the theory of coupled waves the diffraction efficiency (DE) of Bragg reflectors on planar glass waveguides is described for the case of obliquely incident waves. The coupling coefficients of the different types of mode conversion are determined both by a perturbational analysis and by fitting of the theoretical DE curves to the experimental data. Results on the fabrication and use of photoresist gratings on monomode glass waveguides as beam splitters and beam reflectors are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030631
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of a monoclinic polymorph of N-[4-(acetyloxy)-phenyl]acetamide, a prodrug of acetaminophen (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Acetaminophen prodrug ; drug polymorphism ; x-ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation, single crystal x-ray structure and the computed powder XRD pattern of a monoclinic polymorph of N-[4-(acetyloxy)phenyl]acetamide, a prodrug of acetaminophen, are reported. The polymorph crystallizes in the space group P21/n with Z = 4 and unit cell dimensions a = 7.219(2), b = 8.015(2), c = 16.575(2) Å, β = 92.07(1)°, and V = 958.4(4) Å3. Infinite spiral molecular arrays result from intermolecular head-to-tail hydrogen bonding between the amidic H atom of one molecule and the acetoxy carbonyl oxygen atom of a 21-related molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009565926282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a temperature sensitive feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 109 (1989), S. 185-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The characteristics of a temperature sensitive feline infectious peritonitis virus (TS-FIPV) were examined. TS-FIPV, unlike its parent strain, DF2 wild type FIPV (WT-FIPV), propagated at 31 °C (permissive temperature) but not at 39 °C (nonpermissive temperature). This temperature preference of TS-FIPV was also demonstrated in cats by the ability of the virus to replicate only at the lower temperature in the upper respiratory tract and not at systemic sites where higher temperatures (38–39 °C) prevail. Viral structural proteins and RNA were synthesized at 39 °C but some undefined maturational defect prevented the formation of infectious TS-FIPV at its nonpermissive temperature. TS-FIPV was more thermolabile than WT-FIPV which indicated alterations in the structural proteins of TS-FIPV, and a difference in the envelope protein of the two viruses was revealed by Western blot analysis. Plaque assay characterization showed that TS-FIPV produced small plaques in comparison to the large plaques of WT-FIPV. These unique characteristics possessed by TS-FIPV may account for its nonvirulent nature and ability to stimulate protective immune responses in cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311080
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-lymphocyte colony formation of murine thymocytes in agar contained in glass capillaries (1987)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 55 (1987), S. 517-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Thymocytes ; Colony formation ; Agar gel ; Glass capillaries ; Il-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Optimal growth conditions are presented for a new colony test with mouse thymocytes in agar contained in glass capillaries. The kinetics of colony growth and the dependence from the PHA-, Il-2-, agar- and 2-mercaptoethanol concentration are shown. The colony forming cells are identified as T-lymphocytes by usual morphology and by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using mouse anti-Thy 1.2 antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320224
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