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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Cyclosporine A — Oxidative stress — Heart — Liver — Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: The study was designed to elucidate whether cyclosporine A (Cy A) induces oxidative stress in heart, liver and kidney.¶Material and Treatment: Male Wistar rats were treated with NaCl (n = 7), cremophor (vehicle for Cy A; n = 7) and 30 mg/kg b.w. Cy A in cremophor (n = 7) daily for 4 weeks.¶Methods: Oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione, lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase were measured in the organs.¶Results: Increases in GSSG [nmol/mg prot.] and a compensatory rise in total GSH [nmol/mg prot.] indicating Cy A-induced oxidative stress were found in kidney (0.39 ± 0.09 vs. 0.47 ± 0.14 vs. 0.64 ± 0.18; 20.71 ± 3.86 vs. 21.07 ± 3.86 vs. 28.14 ± 3.37) and liver (0.51 ± 0.11 vs. 0.51 ± 0.09 vs. 0.65 ± 0.25; 33.35 ± 5.06 vs. 32.88 ± 5.12 vs. 44.12 ± 6.06) but not in heart.¶Conclusion: Cy A-induced oxidative stress may contribute to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of this drug. After heart transplantation, accelerated allograft atherosclerosis limits transplantation success. We did not find any evidence that Cy A induces oxidative stress in the heart which might favour atherogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 203 (1994), S. 357-366 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chordate evolution ; Annelid hypothesis ; Animal body plans ; Unité de plan ; La querelle des analogues (1830)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 17 (1950), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Supposing that: A) radioactive heat generation is constant in a superficial layer of thicknessH and no radioactive heat is generated in deeper layers, or B) radioactive heat generation in the depthz is const. e−αz ,Jeffreys has computed thatH and 1/α are nearly 13 km. This figure is rather small.Jeffreys has taken a temperature of commencement that tends to infinity likez and has neglected the diminution of radioactive substances by disintegration. If one takes a temperature of commencement that, with increasingz, approaches a fixed value and considers the half-lives of radioactive elements, one gets the valuesH=23 and 1/α=20 km. New results ofBullard indicate, that radioactive heat generation in rocks is less than was accepted till now. Taking his values one estimates that values of 45 to 50 km forH and 1/α are possible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der Annahme, dass: A) die radioaktive Wärmeerzeugung in der obersten Erdschicht von der DickeH konstant ist und in tieferen Schichten keine radioaktive Wärme erzeugt wird, oder B) die radioaktive Wärmeerzeugung in der Tiefez gleich const. e−αz ist, hatJeffreys berechnet, dassH und 1/α ungefähr 13 km betragen. Diese Zahl ist recht niedrig.Jeffreys hat eine mitz lineare Anfangstemperatur angenommen und die Abnahme der radioaktiven Substanzen vernachlässigt. Nimmt man eine Anfangstemperatur an, die bei wachsendemz einem festen Wert zustrebt, und berücksichtigt man die Halbwertszeiten der radioaktiven Elemente, so kommt man aufH=23 und 1/α=20 km. Neue Ergebnisse vonBullard zeigen an, dass die radioaktive Wärmeerzeugung in den Gesteinen geringer ist, als man bisher annahm. Mit seinen Zahlen schätzt man ab, dass Werte von 45 bis 50 km fürH und 1/α möglich sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 383-385 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperthermia ; acid-base-status ; cancer multistage therapy ; Überwärmung ; Säure-Basen-Haushalt ; Krebs-Mehrschritt-Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden in einer Hyperthermiekammer, deren neuartiges Prinzip beschrieben wird, 12 gesunde Versuchspersonen und 12 Patientinnen mit metastasierenden gynäkologischen Tumoren auf Temperaturen bis 40° C. erwärmt. Der Säure-Basen-Haushalt wurde vor, während und nach der Hyperthermie untersucht. Unter der Überwärmung kam es bei allen untersuchten Personen zu einer gemischten respiratorisch-metabolischen Alkalose. Die Bedeutung dieses Ergebnisses für die Mehrschrittstherapie wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A special hyperthermia-cabin is devised. In this diathermia-cabin 12 volunteers and 12 women with metastasis of gynecology cancer were subjected to hyperthermia of 40.0° C. The acid-base balance was measured before and after hyperthermia. Under the hyperthermia, groups 1 and 2 got a mixed respiratory-metabolic alcalosis. The importance of these results is discussed regarding the cancer multi-stage therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Arteriosclerosis ; Protein turnover ; Cell turnover ; 15N Tracertechnical investigations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of the stable isotope15N in plasma proteins and blood cells after oral application of 3 g15NH4Cl (95 At%15N) per 70 kg body weight was followed up in 11 patients with ischemic heart disease or peripheral arteriosclerosis and in 7 healthy control subjects. Preliminary results indicate that the turnover of plasma protein, especially fibrin, is elevated in patients with arteriosclerosis. Investigations of platelets intimate a decreased turnover of platelet protein in patients with arteriosclerosis as compared to control subjects. Possible reasons for these alterations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Escherichia coli ; K+ ; Turgor ; Phospholipids ; Histidine kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Synthesis of the high-affinity K+-translocating Kdp-ATPase of Escherichia coli, encoded by the kdpFABC operon, is regulated by the membrane-bound sensor kinase KdpD and the soluble response regulator KdpE. K+ limitation or a sudden increase in osmolarity induces the expression of kdpFABC. Due to the importance of K+ to maintain turgor, it has been proposed that KdpD is a turgor sensor. Although the primary stimulus that KdpD senses is unknown, alterations in membrane strain or the interaction between KdpD and membrane components might be good candidates. Here, we report a study of the influence of the membrane phospholipid composition on the function of KdpD in vivo and in vitro using various E. coli mutants defective in phospholipid biosynthesis. Surprisingly, neither the lack of the major E. coli phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine nor the drastic reduction of the phosphatidylglycerol/cardiolipin content influenced induction of kdpFABC expression significantly. However, in vitro reconstitution experiments with synthetic phospholipids clearly demonstrated that KdpD kinase activity is dependent on negatively charged phospholipids, whereas the structure of the phospholipids plays a minor role. These results indicate that electrostatic interactions are important for the activity of KdpD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; matrix-metallproteinases ; cysteine proteinases ; surrogate markers ; Schlüsselwörter Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Matrix-Metalloproteinasen ; Cysteinproteinasen ; Aktivitätsmarker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgabenstellung: Die entzündliche Aktivität der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) spiegelt sich nur unzureichend in Laborparametern wider. Proteolytische Enzyme, die an der Gelenkzerstörung beteiligt sind, könnten geeignete Marker der Krankheitsaktivität darstellen. Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die Wertigkeit von zwei Proteasenfamilien, der Matrix-Metalloproteinasen und der Cysteinproteinasen Cathepsin B, H and L und ihrer jeweiligen Inhibitoren für die Beurteilung der klinischen Aktivität der RA. Methoden: Die Proteinkonzentration von Cathepsin B und L sowie der Cathepsininhibitoren Stefin A, Stefin B und Cystatin C wurden mittels ELISA-Technik in den Seren von 20 RA Patienten und 20 Kontrollpersonen gemessen. Zusätzlich wurde die proteolytische Aktivität von Cathepsin B, H und L im Serum bestimmt. Vergleichend wurden außerdem die Plasmakonzentrationen von MMP-1 (Kollagenase), MMP-3 (Stromelysin), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) sowie von MMP-1/TIMP-1 Komplex (MT komplex) im ELISA ermittelt. Ergebnis: Im Plasma von RA Patienten wurde eine signifikante Erhöhung von MMP-1 und MMP-3 sowie von MT Komplex gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe nachgewiesen, während die Konzentration von TIMP-1 in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar war. Im Gegensatz dazu waren weder Serumaktivität noch die Proteinkonzentration von Cathepsinen oder Cathepsininhibitoren bei RA-Patienten erhöht. Schlußfolgerung: Trotz vielfältiger Hinweise für die Beteiligung von Cathepsinen an der Pathogenese entzündlicher Gelenkerkrankungen ist ihre Konzentration und ihre Aktivität in der Blutzirkulation von RA Patienten nicht nennenswert erhöht. Im Kontext anderer Arbeiten betont die Erhöhung von MMP-1, MMP-3 und MT-Komplex bei RA-Patienten deren Rolle als Parameter der Krankheitsaktivität, verglichen mit Cystein-Proteinasen und deren Inhibitoren.
    Notes: Summary Objective: The clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not reliably reflected by laboratory measures. Proteolytic enzymes involved in the cascade of joint destruction are potentially useful parameters to monitor the extent of joint inflammation in RA. This study compares the validity of two classes of proteolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and lysosomal cysteine proteinases (cathepsin B, H, and L) as well as their respective inhibitors to serve as parameters of RA disease activity. Methods: The proteolytic activity of cathepsins B, H, and L was determined by fluorometry in sera of 20 patients with active RA and of 20 healthy donors. In addition, the concentrations of cathepsin B and L as well as of cathepsin inhibitors stefin A, stefin B, and cystatin C were measured by ELISA. The plasma concentrations of MMP-1 (collagenase), MMP-3 (stromelysin), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and of MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex (MT complex) were analyzed by ELISA as well. Results: A significant increase of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MT complex was observed in RA plasma, compared to normal controls, whereas TIMP-1 concentrations did not differ. In contrast, neither serum activity nor protein concentration of any of the cathepsins or cathepsin inhibitors were elevated in RA. Conclusion: Despite ample evidence in the literature that cathepsin activity contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease, this is not reflected by the conditions in peripheral blood. In contrast to the cysteine proteinases, MMP-1 and MMP-3 as well as MT complex are elevated in RA. In the context of findings in the literature, this stresses the importance of MMP as disease activity markers, compared to cysteine proteinases or their inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 37 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different T-helper subsets, which are characterized by the secretion of distinct cytokines (Th1, Th2), have been found in house dust mite-exposed skin of sensitized individuals and in nickel-specific T lymphocytes from nickel contact allergic and non-allergic individuals. In order to evaluate the role which adhesion molecules may play in the homing of different T-cell subsets into allergen-exposed skin of atopic and normal individuals, we compared the expression pattern of adhesion molecules in patch test reactions to house dust mite antigen (D.pt.), nickel sulfate (Ni) and the irritant anthralin. Biopsies were taken al various time points after application of these agents and studied by immuncytochemistry. To exclude an endogenous difference in adhesion molecule expression in atopic and non-atopic skin, sequential biopsies from Ni patch tests of 2 normal individuals were also included in this study. The expression of E-selection. P-selection. CD31, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and other cells in the skin was quantified by microscopic evaluation. Skin homing T cells were also quantified using antibodies toCD3, CD4, CDS, UCHL-I, L-selection and the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). Independent of the eliciting substance, all lesions showed an up regulation of all adhesion molecules tested, with the exception of CD62. The appearance of E-selection and an increase in ICAM-1 and VCA M-1 expression were first observed at 12 h after application of the various agents. In parallel, the number of CLA+ and L-selection+ lymphocytes increased steadily. No principle differences could be established between the various types of skin reactions in atopic individuals, nor did the skin of patients with AD differ from normal controls. Our results provide evidence that differential expression of adhesion molecules does not play a major part in observed differential homing of Th1 and Th2-cell subsets into patch test sites provoked by house dust mite and nickel sulfate in atopic and non-atopic individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 180 (1991), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0922-338X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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