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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2802-2808 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zeolite fiber, film, and monolith were prepared by using nanosize titanium silicalite (TS-1) crystals. Films and fibers of TS-1 zeolite were optically transparent, which might be important for advanced optozeolitic materials. A permeation result of gases on monolith indicates that the gas permeation is governed by the Knudsen mechanism. All types of TS-1 zeolites manufactured in this work are observed to be MFI structure with an orthorhombic symmetry. These results suggest that nanosize zeolites have potential to allow morphological design with applications for advanced functional materials.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 24 (1993), S. 74-79 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems in Magnetron Sputtered Hard CoatingsMicrostructures and macroscopic properties of magnetron sputtered hard protective coatings depend strongly on the plating energy e·Upl and on the ratio Jpl/Jsb of the fluxes of the plating ions and the film forming neutral particles. In usual equipment the arrival ratio Jpl/Jsb can easily be tuned within the range from 0.01 to 100. For hard coatings prepared of WC, Cr3C2, SiC and amorphous carbon phase transitions have been induced by the variation of e·Upl and Jpl/Jsb.For two component multilayer systems consiting of Cr3C2, SiC and Al2O3 it is shown, that strong variations of the mechanical properties can occur, if the thickness of a single layer is in the order of 10 to 20 nm. This size effect in metal-semiconductor multilayers is caused by an extended space charge (electronic interface) at the very narrow atomic interface, from which free electrons can move into the semiconducting material and compensate unsaturated dangling bonds. As a consequence the multilayer system shows properties which are similar to those of a film with metallic bonding.
    Notes: Die Mikrostrukturen und damit die makroskopischen Eigenschaften von Hartstoffschutzschichten hängen beim Magnetronsputtern mit Ionenplattieren entscheidend von der Energie der Plattierionen e·Upl und dem Quotienten Jpl/Jsb der Flüsse der Plattierionen und der schichtbildenden Teilchen ab. Für übliche Anlagen läßt sich Jpl/Jsb im Bereich von 0.01 und 100 leicht einstellen und auf diese Weise der Energieeintrag in die Schicht regeln. In den Hartstoffschichten WC, Cr3C2, SiC und amorphem C werden Phasenübergänge durch Variation von e·Upl und Jpl/Jsb induziert.Für Zweistoffviellagenschichten bestehend aus Cr3C2, SiC und Al2O3 wird gezeigt, daß starke Veränderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften auftreten, wenn die Einzellagendicke ca. 10 bis 20 nm beträgt. Verursacht wird dieser Dimensionalitätseffekt durch eine ausgedehnte Raumladung (elektronisches Interface) an der Grenzfläche, aus der freie Elektronen des Metalls in das halbleitende Material eindringen und dort unabgesättigte Bindungen (dangling bonds) sättigen mit der Folge, daß die Viellagenschichten Eigenschaften aufweisen, die denen einer Schicht mit metallischen Bindungen entspricht.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: With the catalytic system TiCl3/Al(C2H5)2Cl the following data were obtained as function of polymerization time for the three olefins ethylene, propylene and butene-1: Conversion, number of metal-polymer-bonds (via end group analysis after termination with tritiated alcohol) and viscosity of the polymers formed.With this information it is possible to calculate rates of polymerization, concentration of active sites, polydispersity and other reaction constants. The results are discussed and it is concluded that a catalyst system which is uniform in its initial stage is changed drastically and quite differently with the homologuous olefin.
    Notes: Für die drei Olefine, Äthylen, Propylen und Buten-1, werden mit dem Katalysatorsystem TiCl3/Al(C2H5)2Cl in Abhängigkeit von der Polymerisationszeit gemessen: der Polymerisationsverlauf, die Zahl der Metall-Polymer-Bindungen (über Endgruppenbestimmung nach Abbruch mit tritiiertem Alkohol) und die Viskosität der gebildeten Polymeren. Aus diesen Daten lassen sich die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit, die Konzentration an aktiven Zentren, die Uneinheitlichkeit sowie weitere Reaktionskonstanten bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert; sie lassen den Schluß zu, daß sich ein im Ausgangszustand gleiches Katalysatorsystem monomerspezifisch verhält und verändert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 363-366 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of electrochemical modifications like anodic oxidation, polymer deposition and electrodeposition of Cu and Ni on porous silicon are investigated with XPS and sputter depth profiling. It is shown that after the anodic oxidation small amounts of Si0 remain in the porous layer. The deposition of polymers as well as of metals takes place not only at the surface, but also in the porous layer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neutron activation analysis and microtitration yield comparable results in the determination of iodine used to terminate polymer chains in heterogeneous ZIEGLER-NATTA systems. From iodine determination in blank samples it is concluded that the temperature dependence is quite different for termination with iodine and with alcohol.For the preferable termination reaction with tritiated alcohol it is shown that the evaluation of the apparent isotope effect is mandatory for each specific system; the numbers obtained can differ widely. Another result in the termination with tritiated alcohols is the preferred reactivity of the metal-polymer bonds; they are completely terminated with small amounts of reagent.
    Notes: Beim Abbruch der Polymerketten in heterogenen Ziegler-Natta-Systemen mit Jod zeigt sich, daß die Bestimmung der Jodendgruppen durch mikroanalytische Titration zu den gleichen Ergebnissen führt wie die Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse. Die J-Bestimmung in Blindproben führt zu der Erkenntnis, daß die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Abbruches mit Jod und mit Alkohol ganz verschieden ist.Für den an sich zu bevorzugenden Kettenabbruch mit tritiiertem Alkohol zeigt sich, daß die Bestimmung des scheinbaren Isotopeneffektes in jedem Fall erneut durchzuführen ist; dabei können ganz unterschiedliche Werte erreicht werden. Schließlich wird beim Abbruch mit tritiiertem Alkohol gefunden, daß die Metall-Polymerbindungen bevorzugt reagieren und schon mit geringen Mengen an Abbruchreagenz vollständig abgebrochen werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 7 (1975), S. 649-660 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A semiempirical approach has been used to evaluate rate parameters for a three-center decomposition reaction from the point of view of transition state theory, with perfluorodiazirine serving as the prototype molecule. Several activated complex models are considered in which the reaction coordinate is chosen as the ∡ NCN bending mode. The constraints imposed include the principle of concerted bond-order conservation in passing from the initial to the final state, and use is made of empirical bond order-bond length and bond order-force constant relationships. The geometric configuration of the transition state sought is one which conforms with the lowest energy path and is also consistent with the observed entropy of activation. The potential energy of activation is taken as the optimum difference in binding energies (based on the INDO method) between the transition and initial states, and the critical energy is obtained by applying a correction for the zero-point energy difference, derived from normal coordinate analysis. Satisfactory agreement is found in the case of the activated complex model for which the total bond order is conserved and bonds undergoing rupture are assigned a fractional bond order (FBO) of 2/3, derived from the postulate (FBO) = α/β whe re α(=2) is the number of bonds breaking, and β(=3) is the number of bonds undergoing change in the ring opening.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 69 (1936), S. 2147-2151 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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