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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and application of a heterologous internal standard for polymerase-chain-reaction-based detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in foods (1999)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 209 (1999), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Keywords: Key words Polymerase chain reaction ; Campylobacter ; Internal standard ; Food ; False negatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A heterologous internal standard, termed "mimic", was developed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in food. Mimic was designed to contain a heterologous DNA fragment of plasmid pUC18, flanked by a primer binding site, identical to the bacterial target DNA. Application of mimic in the PCR permitted its co-amplification together with the bacterial DNA with similar efficiency. As the length of the amplified products differed, they were easily detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. The presence or absence of the mimic PCR product was indicative of the efficacy of the PCR. The use of approximately 60 mimic molecules per reaction was optimal for determining the reliability of the diagnostic PCR assays without decreasing the detection limit. This system for the detection of the two species of Campylobacter was successfully applied in routine food surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050476
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die isochore Wärmekapazität am kritischen Punkt unter reduzierter Schwere (1986)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 73 (1986), S. 370-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367269
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchung des Einflusses der Nebelbildung auf den Wärme- und Stofftransport an einer senkrechten gekühlten Platte bei freier Konvektion (1987)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 21 (1987), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Experimentell untersucht wurde der Einfluß der Bildung von Nebel innerhalb der Grenzschicht auf den Wärme- und Stofftransport an einer senkrechten gekühlten Platte in feuchter Luft bei freier Konvektion. Gemessen wurde das Temperaturfeld, Wärme- und Stoffübergangsraten sowie die Dicke und Struktur der Nebelschicht. Die Bildung von Nebel steigert den Wärmetransport an die Wand und behindert den Stofftransport erheblich.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of fog formation within the boundary layer on free convective heat and mass transfer at a vertical cooled plate in humid air was studied experimentally. Temperature field, heat and mass transfer rates as well as thickness and structure of the fog layer were measured. Caused by fog formation, heat transfer at the wall is increased and mass transfer is decreased considerably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01377575
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of single and repeated doses of oral omeprazole on gastric acid and pepsin secretion and fasting serum gastrin and serum pepsinogen I levels (1986)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of omeprazole on gastric acid and pepsin secretion and fasting serum gastrin and serum pepsinogen I levels was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Omeprazole, 40 mg enteric-coated granules, or placebo was given once daily for nine days in a double-blind crossover study design. Twenty-four hours after a single dose of omeprazole, mean basal and mean pentagastrin-stimulated acid output decreased significantly. This effect was more pronounced after nine days of treatment. Basal pepsin output was significantly reduced only in those subjects with basal anacidity during omeprazole treatment. Stimulated pepsin output was slightly reduced after a single dose but unaltered after nine days of omeprazole. Fasting serum gastrin and serum pepsinogen I levels increased significantly during omeprazole treatment. It is concluded that omeprazole is a potent and selective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, probably without a direct effect on pepsin secretion. However, in cases of basal anacidity during omeprazole administration, basal pepsin secretion is reduced. During omeprazole treatment, fasting serum levels of gastrin and pepsinogen I rise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318685
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 352-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305827
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The process of heat and mass transport at the critical point of pure fluids (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 1051-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical phenomena ; D2 Mission ; density relaxation ; microgravity ; SF6 ; temperature relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of fast isentropic temperature propagation, called the “piston effect,” or “critical speeding up,” and slow mass diffusion, called “critical slowing down,” are investigated. A temperature propagation experiment in a spherical cell filled with pure SF6 at critical density was performed during the Second German Spacelab Mission D2 in 1993. The results evidently confirm the presence of the piston effect both in the one-phase region and in the two-phase region. The numerical simulations are in remarkable good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02081274
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental apparatus for measuring the thermal diffusivity of pure fluids at high temperatures (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 911-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical region ; light scattering ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic light scattering represents a suitable method for measuring the thermal diffusivity of optically transparent fluids. The classic application of the method is the immediate vicinity around the critical point due to its dependence upon the intensity of scattered light and its high sensitivity to undesired light scattering. By means of subsequent modifications of the experimental setup, we have been able to expand this region of applicability over the last 12 years and could systematically investigate numerous substances and their binary mixtures within a temperature range of 280 K〈T〈350 K. Our planned investigation of fluids suitable for ORC-HP-technology necessitates performing measurements at higher temperatures and pressures. The experimental apparatus newly designed for this purpose is capable of sustaining a relatively high temperature constance at temperatures up to 700 K. Factors restricting the measurable range of state and their influence on the design of the sample cell are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133259
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the isochoric heatc v at the critical point of SF6 under microgravity: Results of the German Spacelab Mission D2 (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 1033-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical phenomena ; isochoric heat capacity ; microgravity ; sulfur hexafluoride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the Second German Spacelab Mission D2 (April 26 to May 6, 1993) the isochoric specific heatc v of SF6 was measured along the critical isochore under microgravity conditions with a newly developed scanning radiation calorimeter. This calorimeter provided the possibility to perform comparable heating and cooling runs with variable ramp rates since the spherical sample cell was heated and cooled only by radiation. During the experimental time of 220 h, 11 heating and cooling runs with different ramp rates were performed in a temperature range ofT–T c=±6 K. ApproachingT c by cooling from the homogeneous one-phase region avoided significant temperature and density gradients in the fluid, which would have distorted the integral measurement ofc v. The inhomogenities introduced by a finite ramp rate were greatly reduced by the fast dynamic temperature propagation (“critical speeding up”). Thec v data achieved with slow cooling runs are in remarkably good agreement with the theoretical prediction more than one order of magnitude closer to the critical point than anyc v measurements done so far. The preliminary value for the critical exponentα is 0.107±0.02, and for the amplitude ratio we obtainedA −/A +=1.94±0.07. In contrast to the cooling runs, the heating runs showed a strong hysteresis ofc v. A comparison to 1g measurements is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02081273
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface tension, coexistence curve, and vapor pressure of binary liquid-gas mixtures (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: capillary coefficient ; coexistence curve ; Lorentz-Lorenz relation ; mixtures ; refractive index ; surface tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to present measurements of the vapor pressure, capillary coefficient, and refractive index of four binary mixtures, CO2-SF6, R14-SF6, SF6-R13B1, and SF6-R22, at liquid-vapor equilibrium at different average concentrations. The measuring temperature range covered the entire liquid-vapor region from the triple line up to the critical point. The capillary coefficient was determined by means of the capillary rise method; the refractive index, by measuring the angle of refraction of a light beam passing through a prism and the sample. In order to obtain the liquid-vapor densities of pure substances the Lorentz-Lorenz relation can be used. However, in applying this relation to calculate the liquid-vapor densities of a mixture, one may need the concentrations of both the liquid and the vapor phase, which are, for the most part, quite different from the average concentration of the mixture. Calculating the concentrations of both fluid phases with the aid of an equation of state and comparing with measurements, we could show that the molar refraction coefficient of the mixtures can be simply determined from the average concentration and the molar refraction coefficients of their pure components. The surface tension of the mixtures could then be calculated from the measured capillary coefficient and the refractive index with the aid of the Lorentz-Lorenz relation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503797
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal diffusivity of fluids in a broad region around the critical point (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 8 (1987), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dynamic light scattering ; ethane ; gas-liquid critical point ; nitrous oxide ; sulfur hexafluoride ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic light scattering is a suitable method for the investigation of transport properties such as the thermal diffusivity of optically transparent fluids. The main advantages of the method are its quickness, the fact of the thermodynamic state of equilibrium of the sample (gradients are not required), and the relatively simple evaluation of data without the necessity of calibration. However, an insufficient production of intensity of scattered light may be a limiting effect. For that reason the vicinity of the gas-liquid critical point represents the classical range of application. In this paper, it is shown that by means of an appropriate choice of experimental apparatus, measurements are also feasible in an extended range of states. Broad regions around critical points of three pure fluids (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6; ethane, C2H6; nitrous oxide, N2O) over temperature ranges ¦T-T c¦ of 0.02 to 50 K and density ranges (ρ/ρc) of 0.2 to 2 were investigated. In this region the thermal diffusivity shows great variations with temperature and density and cannot be described by means of ideal-gas behavior or relations for liquids. The measurements were carried out along the coexistence curve for both phases, along the critical isochore and along some isotherms with T≶T c. The measured or calculated density, pressure, and thermal diffusivity data as well as some correlations are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00515200
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