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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ; Acute renal failure ; Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis ; Untreated water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report 45 pediatric cases of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection confirmed by stool culture between May 1993 and June 1994. In 41 (91.1%) cases there had been contact with untreated well or mountain water. Y. pseudotuberculosis was also isolated from 4 samples of mountain spring water thought to be the sources of infection. During the course of the illness, acute renal failure (ARF) developed in 6 patients (13.6%). The age distribution of the ARF group (12.3±1.2 years) was significantly different from the non-ARF group (8.0±3.2 years). The serogroups of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates from stool samples were 5 (n = 30) and 4 (n = 15). Isolates from the water samples were all serogroup 5. The main symptoms of both groups were fever, rash, abdominal pain, and vomiting. ARF developed between the 2nd and 14th days (mean 6 days) after the onset of fever, and oliguria (〈400 ml/m2 per day) developed in 3 patients (3/6, 50%) immediately after their fevers had subsided. ARF underwent a benign course, with complete recovery within a maximum of 4 weeks (mean 10.2 days), with 1 exceptional patient requiring hemodialysis. Renal biopsy showed evidence of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Y. pseudotuberculosis should be included as one of the causes of acute interstitial nephritis causing ARF in children, especially when the children have histories of drinking untreated water in endemic areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to clarify the arrangement of sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVS) chains about the α-helical poly(L-lysine) (PLL) chain in the previously reported complexes of PLL/46 mole-% sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVS-46) and PLL/PVS-95, induced circular dichroism was studied on PLL/PVS/acridine orange (AO) complexes in acidic aqueous solution. A positive ellipticity, [θ], of ca. 3 400 deg·cm2·dmol-1 at 465 am and small negative values of [θ] at 435 and 510 nm indicated a right-handed super helical arrangement of AO molecules about the right-handed α-helix of PLL, where PVS chains were intercalated. The amount of AO molecules responsible for the induced CD was estimated as low as a few mole-%. Taking into consideration the arrangement of ε-amino groups of the right-handed α-helical PLL and the distance among the neighboring ε-amino groups on the radial projection of the helix, the PVS chain segments could be arranged both in the right-handed and in the left-handed superhelices about the right-handed α-helix of PLL. In cases of the PLL/PVS-25/AO and PLL/PVS-30/AO complexes, no induced CD and a quite weak CD were obtained, resp., being consistent with random coil conformation of PLL in the PLL/PVS-25 and PLL/PVS-30 complexes mentioned previously.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 497-506 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Circular dichroic studies were made on the conformational change of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) by complex formation with sulfonated polystyrenes (PSS) as functions of pH, temperature and polymer compositions in comparison with the complexes of PLL with sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVS). The coil-to-helix transition of PLL by complex formation at neutral and acidic pHs, which took place in the PLL/PVS (with high degrees of sulfation) complexes, was prevented in the PLL/PSS complexes due to the less chain flexibility of PSS than PVS. Above pH 11, the α-helix of PLL was partially broken into random coil by complex formation with PSS. The drastic decrease in the solution viscosity by the complex formation revealed a large contraction of PSS chain and subsequently a large strain of the α-helical PLL chain so as to give the breakdown of the α-helix. This is denoted a strain-induced conformational change of PLL. It was found that the α-helix of PLL was thermally stabilized by the complex formation with PSS as in the case of PLL/PVS complexes. A β-to-α transition of PLL by the complex formation with PSS was also found, while the β-form was maintained in the PLL/PVS (with high degrees of sulfation) complexes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2285-2287 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Semi-IPNs ; β-chitin ; hydrogel ; wet strength ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: cell culture ; carcinoembryonic antigen ; aspirin ; enhanced production ; Langmuir-Blodgett film
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor (CW2) cells were cultivated in RPMI 1640 media containing 0–7.5 mM aspirin and 10% fetal bovine serum for the production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By adding aspirin to the media, the production of CEA per cell increased by up to one hundred fold compared to cultivation in normal media containing no aspirin, even though the total cell concentration decreased with the increase in aspirin in the media. The production of CEA was also investigated for CW2 cells cultured on silk fibroin, poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) and poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)/poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer films prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett and casting methods. The highest production of CEA per cell was observed for the CW2 cells on poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) and its diblock copolymer films prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett method in the medium containing 5 mM aspirin after 168 hr of inoculation. This originates from the fact that the cell density on the films in the medium containing 5 mM aspirin was the lowest under these conditions. It is suggested that CW2 cells produce CEA more effectively when the cell growth is suppressed by addition of toxic chemicals such as aspirin or by culture on unfavorable films for cell growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: AB diblock copolymers consisting of PBLG as the hydrophobic part and PNIPAAm as the hydrophilic one were prepared by polymerization of BLG-NCA with semitelechelic PNIPAAm with amino end group as initiator. The core-shell type nanoparticles of the block copolymers were obtained by the diafiltration method. The sizes of the nanoparticles were from about 73 to 359 nm and the shapes of them were spherical. The release for indomethacin (IN) from the nanoparticles was faster at 28°C than at 34°C due to the conformational change of PNIPAAm by temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 403-407 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was performed in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) [or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HOP-β-CD)]. The formation of an inclusion complex between PNIPAAm and β-CD was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 2D-NOESY NMR. It was found that the cloud point (CP) of poly(N-isopropylamide) (PNIPAAm) in the PNIPAAm/β-CD complex in aqueous solution increased up to about 57°C whereas that in the PNIPAAm/β-CD blend is about 33°C. The CP of PNIPAAm in the PNIPAAm/β-CD complex is higher than that in the PNIPAAm/HOP-β-CD inclusion complex. IR and NMR results suggest that PNIPAAm chains are included in CD cavities.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromers terminated with acrylate groups and semiinter-penetrating polymer networks (SIPNs) composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PEG macromer were synthesized and characterized with the aim of obtaining a bioerodible hydrogel that could be used to release tetracycline HCl for local antibiotic therapy administered peroperatively. Polymerization of PEG macromer resulted in the formation of crosslinked gels due to the multifunctionality of macromer. Noncrosslinked PCL chains were interpenetrated into the crosslinked three-dimensional networks of PEG. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of PCL in the SIPNs were inner shifted, indicating interpenetration of PCL and PEG chains. It was found that water content increased with increasing PEG weight fraction due to the hydrophilicity of PEG. Drug release can be controlled by weight fraction of PEG in the PCL/PEG SIPNs, concentration of PEG macromer in the SIPNs preparation, and the nature of PEG. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 415-423 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: block copolymer ; polymeric micelle ; nanoparticle ; clonazepam ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Block copolymers consisting of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) as the hydrophobic part and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the hydrophilic part were synthesized and characterized. Core shell type nanoparticles of the block copolymers (abbreviated GEG) were prepared by the dialysis method. Under fluorescence spectroscopy measurement, the GEG block copolymers were associated in water to form core shell type nanoparticles as polymeric micelles and the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) values of the block copolymers decreased with increasing PBLG chain length in the block copolymers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed nanoparticles of spherical shapes. From dynamic light scattering (DLS) study, sizes of nanoparticles of GEG-1 and GEG-2 copolymer were 64.3 ± 28.7 nm and 28.9 ± 7.0 nm. The drug-loading contents of GEG-1 and GEG-2 nanoparticles were 15.2 and 8.3 wt %, respectively. These results indicated that the drug-loading contents were dependent on PBLG chain length in the copolymer. Then, the longer the PBLG chain length, the more the drug-loading contents. Release of clonazepam (CNZ) from the nanoparticles was slower in higher loading contents of CNZ than lower loading contents due to the hydrophobic interaction between PBLG core and CNZ. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 415-423, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 697-702 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The swelling behavior of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in water was studied. The PVA/PAA IPN gels were prepared by four synthetic methods. The swelling behaviors of these IPNs made by different methods were compared. The differences in swelling behaviors of samples are discussed on the basis of their structural and physical differences. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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